Hasil untuk "Details in building design and construction. Including walls, roofs"

Chandrasekaran Chockalingam, Cibi Balakrishnan

A case of urban densification in heritage towns like Pondicherry has led to deep-plan wall to wall layouts, where the depth of the plot is considerably more than its width and multi-storey buildings with limited access to day light and natural ventilation. With the recent multi-storeyed developments, passive strategies are essential for achieving thermal and visual comfort. This study investigates the integration of light wells as passive systems to enhance day lighting and natural ventilation to improve indoor environmental quality for a deep plan building in such contexts. In the case of heritage town of Pondicherry, a typical base case sample deep plan residential plot of size 6m width and 20m depth with stilt with three storeys building of 14.4m height, was modelled using Rhino 7, and analysed using Grasshopper, Ladybug tools 1.5.0, Honeybee Radiance, and Design Builder 7.3.100.3 Evolutionary generative simulations were conducted for daylighting analysis to evaluate variations in the size, number, and placement of light wells and Design Builder 7.3.100.3 with Energy Plus 9.4 for CFD analysis for natural ventilation and indoor air temperature. After multiple generative design in accordance with the ECBC 17, filtered 7 options for best UDI results and these options were evaluated for natural ventilation by CFD analysis for the hottest and coolest hour. It was found that double light wells arranged perpendicular provided optimal results, with mean UDI above 50% and ACH ranging from 5.06 to 1.33. All high performing light well has a volume of more than 20% of the total built-up volume. Further the double rectangular light wells with dimension of 3.5 x 2.5 meters yielded the most effective results. This research offers a novel approach to design of light wells using generative design method for integrating passive daylight and ventilation systems in dense heritage urban settings. It demonstrates how generative design can guide regulatory development and sustainable solutions for tropical climates.

Qipeng Mei, Dimitri Bulatov, Dorota Iwaszczuk

This study presents a novel approach for roof detail extraction and vectorization using remote sensing images. Unlike previous geometric-primitive-based methods that rely on the detection of corners, our method focuses on edge detection as the primary mechanism for roof reconstruction, while utilizing geometric relationships to define corners and faces. We adapt the YOLOv8 OBB model, originally designed for rotated object detection, to extract roof edges effectively. Our method demonstrates robustness against noise and occlusion, leading to precise vectorized representations of building roofs. Experiments conducted on the SGA and Melville datasets highlight the method's effectiveness. At the raster level, our model outperforms the state-of-the-art foundation segmentation model (SAM), achieving a mIoU between 0.85 and 1 for most samples and an ovIoU close to 0.97. At the vector level, evaluation using the Hausdorff distance, PolyS metric, and our raster-vector-metric demonstrates significant improvements after polygonization, with a close approximation to the reference data. The method successfully handles diverse roof structures and refines edge gaps, even on complex roof structures of new, excluded from training datasets. Our findings underscore the potential of this approach to address challenges in automatic roof structure vectorization, supporting various applications such as urban terrain reconstruction.

Fatemeh Mehrvarz, Mohammadreza Bemanian, Tahereh Nasr et al.

In recent years, attention has focused on improving the health and satisfaction of employees by enhancing visual comfort in workplaces. This involves providing adequate natural daylight, glare control, and outdoor views. Adaptive facades, leveraging technological advancements, have gained popularity for improving indoor conditions but still face issues like window-area glare and insufficient daylight in rear spaces. Previous research indicates that inclined walls can help control glare and allow larger windows with better light distribution. This study examines the integration of an adaptive facade with an inclined wall to improve efficiency. It analyzes visual comfort in three cities with different latitudes and solar radiation angles: Mogadishu, Tehran, and Moscow. Using Grasshopper in Rhino software, the study evaluates visual comfort indices (UDI, ASE, sDA, DGP) for six employees on December 21 and June 21 at 9:00, 12:00, and 15:00. The results show that the integrated system effectively distributes daylight and controls glare, reducing it to 34% in Mogadishu and 29% in Tehran. However, in Moscow, the system is less effective, requiring facade rotation towards the sky to reduce glare to 25%. The research highlights the need to consider more variables such as window-to-wall ratio, material, and employees’ position or other objectives like energy consumption and thermal comfort for further research to improve the system.

Jesna Mathew, Gnanasambandam Subbaiyan

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a significant health determinant in the building environment. Ventilation plays a significant role in providing comfortable working conditions and securing contaminant removal from indoor spaces. The heat and effluents generated by cooking activity need to be exhausted from the kitchen space to control the IAQ and provide thermal comfort. The study investigates the ventilation performance concerning IAQ of five institutional kitchens in an educational campus. This study evaluates the influence of building parameters on ventilation performance and IAQ using experimental research and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The empirical part includes field measurement of indoor airflow and IAQ indicators (particulate matter, CO2, temperature, and RH). The Integrated Environmental Solutions Virtual Environment (IESVE) software performs the CFD analysis. The 'Local Mean Age of air' (LMA) is used as a parameter to analyze IAQ. The findings reveal that the LMA reduces with increased cross-ventilation at the operational level and the presence of local exhaust ventilation, such as chimneys. Moreover, a higher slenderness ratio, lower aspect ratio, and lower building volume reduce the age of air.

Jie Shao, Wei Yao, Lei Luo et al.

Greenspaces are tightly linked to human well-being. Yet, rapid urbanization has exacerbated greenspace exposure inequality and declining human life quality. Roof greening has been recognized as an effective strategy to mitigate these negative impacts. Understanding priorities and benefits is crucial to promoting green roofs. Here, using geospatial big data, we conduct an urban-scale assessment of roof greening at a single building level in Hong Kong from a sustainable development perspective. We identify that 85.3\% of buildings reveal potential and urgent demand for roof greening. We further find green roofs could increase greenspace exposure by \textasciitilde61\% and produce hundreds of millions (HK\$) in economic benefits annually but play a small role in urban heat mitigation (\textasciitilde0.15\degree{C}) and annual carbon emission offsets (\textasciitilde0.8\%). Our study offers a comprehensive assessment of roof greening, which could provide reference for sustainable development in cities worldwide, from data utilization to solutions and findings.

Guozhang Liu, Baochai Peng, Ting Liu et al.

The diversity of building architecture styles of global cities situated on various landforms, the degraded optical imagery affected by clouds and shadows, and the significant inter-class imbalance of roof types pose challenges for designing a robust and accurate building roof instance segmentor. To address these issues, we propose an effective framework to fulfill semantic interpretation of individual buildings with high-resolution optical satellite imagery. Specifically, the leveraged domain adapted pretraining strategy and composite dual-backbone greatly facilitates the discriminative feature learning. Moreover, new data augmentation pipeline, stochastic weight averaging (SWA) training and instance segmentation based model ensemble in testing are utilized to acquire additional performance boost. Experiment results show that our approach ranks in the first place of the 2023 IEEE GRSS Data Fusion Contest (DFC) Track 1 test phase ($mAP_{50}$:50.6\%). Note-worthily, we have also explored the potential of multimodal data fusion with both optical satellite imagery and SAR data.

Johann Lussange, Mulin Yu, Yuliya Tarabalka et al.

Reconstructing urban areas in 3D out of satellite raster images has been a long-standing and challenging goal of both academical and industrial research. The rare methods today achieving this objective at a Level Of Details $2$ rely on procedural approaches based on geometry, and need stereo images and/or LIDAR data as input. We here propose a method for urban 3D reconstruction named KIBS(\textit{Keypoints Inference By Segmentation}), which comprises two novel features: i) a full deep learning approach for the 3D detection of the roof sections, and ii) only one single (non-orthogonal) satellite raster image as model input. This is achieved in two steps: i) by a Mask R-CNN model performing a 2D segmentation of the buildings' roof sections, and after blending these latter segmented pixels within the RGB satellite raster image, ii) by another identical Mask R-CNN model inferring the heights-to-ground of the roof sections' corners via panoptic segmentation, unto full 3D reconstruction of the buildings and city. We demonstrate the potential of the KIBS method by reconstructing different urban areas in a few minutes, with a Jaccard index for the 2D segmentation of individual roof sections of $88.55\%$ and $75.21\%$ on our two data sets resp., and a height's mean error of such correctly segmented pixels for the 3D reconstruction of $1.60$ m and $2.06$ m on our two data sets resp., hence within the LOD2 precision range.

Melly Andriana, Zuraidah Tharo, Ramayana Ramayana

In the formation of the area into a tourist attraction, factors are needed in its favor. With the approach of local wisdom, it becomes a very important factor because it can be ascertained that each region has a very distinctive and unique culture or customs, as well as the architectural form of house buildings commonly called local wisdom. This research is very important to do as an effort to preserve the local culture that many young generations do not know about. To find out local wisdom, direct observation activities were carried out in Simanindo Sangkal Regency and several interviews were carried out with the surrounding community, as well as collecting data from several reliable sources related to local wisdom. Simanindo Sangkal is a village located in Samosir Regency, precisely on the shores of Lake Toba, North Sumatra. The results of this study show that (1) the number of gorga ornaments contained in each Bolon house, (2) There are meanings in each of the ornaments contained that are not only for homeowners but also for social communities, (3) The potential of the Huta Bolon Area has for the development of culture and the surrounding economy because it is close to Lake Toba which is one of the Geoparks in Indonesia.

Banafsheh Dabaj, Morteza Rahbar, Bahereh Vojdani Fakhr

Daylighting has become an essential feature in libraries since it can boost productivity, well-being, and energy savings. It is crucial to prevent discomfort glare irritation while maintaining the quality of view, and daylight demands. This study compares four different shading systems on all fronts of a reading room. Shading devices include a Perforated Solar Screen (PSS), besides three Venetian Blinds typologies (exterior, interior, and exterior integrated with overhangs) are generated considering various parameters. The 60-min time step for an entire year is used to find out the worst dates for glare analysis in different positions for Rasht, Iran. The findings of Daylight Autonomy (DA), Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI), Daylight Glare Probability (DGP), and Quality of View (QV) depict that PSS is ineffective at glare reduction but is adequate for annual metrics and view quality. Moreover, Venetian Blinds in every three typologies are sufficient to deal with glare problems on most dates, despite differences in their characteristics being reported. Annual metrics and Quality of View in these cases, depending on variables, are changeable.

Christopher Heng Yii Sern, Louis Ting Kwang Liou, Sharifah Fairuz Syed Fadzil

Tropical countries such as Malaysia receives a significant amount of daylight. The utilisation of this renewable resource in a high-rise office building leads to opportunities and challenges. Deep plan spaces in such buildings provide challenges to create a uniform daylight distribution across the room. An integrated light shelf (LS) with horizontal light pipe (LP) offers a solution to cater to this problem. Seven (7) different types of LS angle configurations were simulated through Integrated Environment Solution Virtual Environment to assess their daylight performance with integrated LP using overcast and intermediate sky with four orientations. The results showed that the integration of LS to LP improved the daylight uniformity across the room. LS5 with an angle of -15° performed best when compared to a room with only LP installed for all the design days and orientations. The integration of LP and LS5 was able to shade the front portion of the room while providing illumination at the rear spaces. The findings of this study promote the use of integrated LS and LP in deep open-plan high-rise office buildings for building designers.

muhammad izhar s, Hadi Prabowo, Sri Handjajanti

Pada saat ini, arsitektur kontekstual dikaitkan dengan atap lengkung serta kemegahan, seperti bentuk kubah pada masjid. Arsitektur kontekstual diterapkan dengan mengaplikasikan pada bangunan tua dengan lingkungan baru dalamnya , Setelah arsitektur ekologis menjadi acuh tak acuh dan mencoba untuk menjadi berbeda. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk memahami bagaimana arsitektur konteks mempengaruhi desain agar bangunan dapat bermanfaat dan berfungsi secara optimal. Masjid kudus memiliki desain bentuk dan tatanan ruang yang memunculkan persepsi tersendiri, baik yang melalui konsep Islam ataupun hasil dari pengamatan subjektif, menarik untuk mengkaji keterkaitan antara konsep perancangan bentuk bangunan, dan tatanan ruang luar dan dalam masjid dalam. Masjid dan data mengenai masjid yang kemudian dianalisa untuk memperoleh suatu kesimpulan bahwa masjid merupaka bangunan masjid yang dalam perencangannya mempertimbangkan nilai-nilai islam.

muhammad ibrahim, Wahyu Hidayat, Mira Dharma Susilawati

Perkembangan anak-anak hingga usia remaja perlu mendapat perhatian lebih terhadap lingkungan sosial sekitar, sehingga dapat menghasilkan anak bangsa yang berakhlaq dan bermoral. Kurangnya peran sosial dari orangtua dan lingkungan sekitarnya menyebabkan perkembangan psikologis anak menjadi kurang matang. Perancangan Pesantren Tahdfidz dengan menggunakan tema energy conscious design di Tembilahan ini adalah sebuah wadah hunian serta edukasi sosial agama yang bertujuan mengkaji, menghafal, dan mengaplikasikan al-qur’an sebagai tahap untuk memperbaiki dan menjaga moral dan kualitas anak bangsa yang semakin lama semakin menurun. Pesantren Tahfidz di Tembilahan ini dibuat untuk anak-anak dan  remaja tepatnya anak yang bersekolah ditingkat SD, SMP, SMA agar kelak dewasa meraka bisa menanamkan nilai-nilai islam sehingga tumbuh menjadi manusia yang berakhlak dan bermoral lebih lagi berilmu. Dalam perancangan Pesantren Tahfidz ini, penulis menerapkan prinsip Energy Conscious Design karena tema ini menjelaskan tentang pemanfaatan iklim yang ada disekitar site untuk penghematan energi pada bangunan pondok pesantren. Energy Conscious Design dalam konsep perancangannya menggunakan iklim sebagai sistem penghematan energi. Dalaam penerapannya dapat membuat ventilasi silang dan bukaan yang banyak agar ruangan di dalam bangunan dapat terasa sejuk tanpa menggunakan AC. Kemudian dapat dibuat banyak bukaan berupa jendela agar cahaya terang dapat masuk ke dalam ruangan sehingga dapat menghemat energi listrik.

Ildar Gilmutdinov, Ingrid Schloegel, Alois Hinterleitner et al.

Assessing the structure of a building with non-invasive methods is an important problem. One of the possible approaches is to use GeoRadar to examine wall structures by analyzing the data obtained from the scans. We propose a data-driven approach to evaluate the material composition of a wall from its GPR radargrams. In order to generate training data, we use gprMax to model the scanning process. Using simulation data, we use a convolutional neural network to predict the thicknesses and dielectric properties of walls per layer. We evaluate the generalization abilities of the trained model on data collected from real buildings.

Harya Bima Prasetya, Mira Dharma Susilawati, Gun Faisal

Pekanbaru merupakan sebuah ibu kota provinsi Riau yang mempunyai keragaman seni. Perkembangan seni di Pekanbaru dapat di lihat dari bentuk ornamen, pakaian, tarian, musik, maupun komunitas seni. Namun berdasarkan data Kemendikbud menyatakan bahwa Pekanbaru tidak mempunyai sekolah kesenian di tingkat perguruan tinggi. Dengan demikian Institut Kesenian Pekanbaru menjadi respon terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat, sebagai sebuah wadah bagi para remaja untuk mendapatkan pendidikan kesenian di tingkat perguruan tinggi, sehingga menghasilkan seniman-seniman yang profesional pada bidang kesenian. Karya BIG di pilih sebagai preseden agar terciptanya bangunan yang ikonik serta menjadi simbol pendidikan kesenian di pekanbaru. Pada penerapan karya desain BIG mempengaruhi cara pemilihan site pada kawasan pendidikan, menerapkan prinsip Hedonistic Sustainability yang menghasilkan dampak positif ke area sekitar, pemilihan konsep berupa sungai poligon yang berdasarkan bentuk sungai Siak, multi fungsi bangunan yang memiliki fungsi utama sebagai perguruan tinggi dan fungsi sekunder sebagai tempat rekreasi, mengekspos tekstur material bangunan, dan juga bagaimana mengatur organisasi ruang pada bangunan.

Ali Ahmed Salem Bahdad, Sharifah Fairuz Syed Fadzil, Hilary Omatule Onubi

Construction of multifunctional building envelopes using vertical greenery walls (VGW) has emerged as a sustainable green technology to improving cooling efficiency. To attaining the desired level of building cooling performance, VGW and overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) of the walls are useful design factors. The study aims to revise the current VGW evaluation, considering the decreased heat flux due to thermal efficiency of wall construction based on OTTV values. To achieve this, OTTV based Building Information Modelling (BIM) simulation method was proposed using Autodesk-Revit and DesignBuilder simulation based on EnergyPlus. Six wall compositions with various OTTV values of south facade for residential buildings located in sub-tropical in cooling season, were evaluated. The findings demonstrate that in the presence of a green system, a good OTTV value of the exterior walls is required for optimal performance, to keep the space within set point of cooling for long time during the cooling season. The comparisons between the bare walls and the VGW have demonstrated a great variation due to the different OTTV reached up to 6.57% and 18.44% reduction in indoor air temperature. The best combination of VGW resulted a maximum of 1.2°C reduction in indoor air temperature, with number of hours (within 28°C or less) were higher by 2506h, representing 85.59% of the overall number of hours (2928h). Overall cooling energy saving is found as 103.3kwh, representing 13.63% of the total of energy saving, and decreased the heat gained by 38.82%, representing 61.51kwh reduction during cooling season compared to base wall.

Vora Intend Cahyani, Irnawati Siregar, Rasyidin Rasyidin

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan Sekolah dan Terapi Anak Autis di kota Padang, sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan keterbatasan yang mereka miliki, dan karakteristik perilaku. Permasalahan yang ada pada sekolah dan terapi anak autis saat ini, adalah ruang sekolah tidak sesuai dengan fungsinya, dimana banyaknya rumah tinggal dan ruko menjadi tempat belajar bagi penderita autis, sehingga aktifitas belajar dan terapi bagi anak penderita autis tidak terakomodasi dengan baik serta belum memperhatikan keamanan dan kenyamanan pengguna bangunan baik secara fisik maupun psikis anak autis. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan perencanaan ini, yaitu menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yang mampu mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa kegiatan atau data yang bersifat alamiah, menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis dan pembahasan yang digunakan berupa konsep dan desain visual bangunan sekolah dan terapi anak autis, sesuai dengan pedoman dan peraturan pemerintah. Hasil dari Perencanaan ini menerapkani tema arsitektur perilaku, pada sekolah dan terapi anak autis berdasarkan keamanan dan kenyamaan pengguna baik secara fisik maupun psikis anak autis.

Chia-Hui Yeh, Margaret P. Chapman

Green infrastructure has potential to alleviate the environmental impact of rapidly growing cities. This potential has inspired laws in Toronto that require the inclusion of rooftops with large vegetation beds, called green roofs, into sufficiently sized construction projects. We study the problem of reusing stormwater to irrigate a green roof in Toronto, where potable water is the current irrigation source. The vision is that widespread reuse of stormwater runoff for irrigation of green roofs and other purposes can reduce sewer overflow volumes without over-building (with the added benefit of conserving potable water). Towards this vision, our goal is to develop and evaluate two pump controllers for transporting stormwater to the green roof of interest in simulation. A key contribution is our development of a site-specific non-linear model for stormwater flow using smoothing techniques that permits linearization and a standard model predictive controller (MPC). We compare the efficacy of the MPC, which anticipates the weather, and an on/off controller, which is reactive rather than anticipative, for the site in simulation. With further study, we are hopeful that this research will advance control systems technology to improve the performance of green and stormwater infrastructure in growing urban areas.

A. Ziaee, R. Dehbozorgi, M. Döller

Building footprint segmentations for high resolution images are increasingly demanded for many remote sensing applications. By the emerging deep learning approaches, segmentation networks have made significant advances in the semantic segmentation of objects. However, these advances and the increased access to satellite images require the generation of accurate object boundaries in satellite images. In the current paper, we propose a novel network-based on Pix2Pix methodology to solve the problem of inaccurate boundaries obtained by converting satellite images into maps using segmentation networks in order to segment building footprints. To define the new network named G2G, our framework includes two generators where the first generator extracts localization features in order to merge them with the boundary features extracted from the second generator to segment all detailed building edges. Moreover, different strategies are implemented to enhance the quality of the proposed networks' results, implying that the proposed network outperforms state-of-the-art networks in segmentation accuracy with a large margin for all evaluation metrics. The implementation is available at https://github.com/A2Amir/A-Novel-Adaptive-Deep-Network-for-Building-Footprint-Segmentation.

Yves Stauffer, Fabio Saba, Rafael E. Carrillo et al.

A new method for accurate indirect heat accounting in apartment buildings has been recently developed by the Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM). It is based on a data driven approach aimed to the smart networking of any type of indirect heat allocation devices, which can provide, for each heat delivery point of an apartment building, measurements or estimations of the temperature difference between the heat transfer fluid and the indoor environment. The analysis of the data gathered from the devices installed on the heating bodies, together with the measurements of the overall building heat consumption provided by direct heat metering, allows the evaluation of the characteristic thermal model parameters of heating bodies at actual installation and working conditions. Thus overcoming the negative impact on accuracy of conventional indirect heat accounting due to off-design operation, in which these measurement systems normally operate. The method has been tested on conventional heat cost allocators (HCA), and on innovative smart radiator thermostatic valves developed by CSEM. The evaluations were carried out at the centralized heating system mock-up of the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), and also in a real building in Neuchatel, Switzerland. The method has proven to be an effective tool to improve the accuracy of indirect heat metering systems; compared to conventional HCA systems, the error on the individual heating bill is reduced by 20% to 50%.

Cong Hao, Jordan Dotzel, Jinjun Xiong et al.

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have dramatically advanced in recent years, resulting in revolutionary changes in people's lives. Empowered by edge computing, AI workloads are migrating from centralized cloud architectures to distributed edge systems, introducing a new paradigm called edge AI. While edge AI has the promise of bringing significant increases in autonomy and intelligence into everyday lives through common edge devices, it also raises new challenges, especially for the development of its algorithms and the deployment of its services, which call for novel design methodologies catered to these unique challenges. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the latest enabling design methodologies that span the entire edge AI development stack. We suggest that the key methodologies for effective edge AI development are single-layer specialization and cross-layer co-design. We discuss representative methodologies in each category in detail, including on-device training methods, specialized software design, dedicated hardware design, benchmarking and design automation, software/hardware co-design, software/compiler co-design, and compiler/hardware co-design. Moreover, we attempt to reveal hidden cross-layer design opportunities that can further boost the solution quality of future edge AI and provide insights into future directions and emerging areas that require increased research focus.