Hasil untuk "Decorative arts"

Diederik Aerts, Jonito Aerts Arguëlles, Sandro Sozzo

We prove that the quantum measurement process contains the same warping mechanism that occurs in categorical perception, a phenomenon ubiquitous in human perception. This warping causes stimuli belonging to the same category to be perceived as more similar, while stimuli belonging to different categories are perceived as more different. As a result of a detailed study of the quantum measurement using the Bloch representation, we identify the natural metric for pure states, namely the Fubini Study metric, and the natural metric for density states, namely the trace class metric. The warping mechanism of categorical perception is then manifested, when the distances between pure states, playing the role of stimuli for the quantum measurement, are warped into the distances between density states, playing the role of percepts for quantum measurement. We work out the example of a two-dimensional quantum model, a qubit, with 'light' and 'dark' as the two eigenstates, and show how the typical contraction and dilation warping of human perception manifest themselves in this example of the quantum measurement model of light and dark.

Suraj Pai, Ibrahim Hadzic, Dennis Bontempi et al.

Foundation models (FMs) have shown transformative potential in radiology by performing diverse, complex tasks across imaging modalities. Here, we developed CT-FM, a large-scale 3D image-based pre-trained model designed explicitly for various radiological tasks. CT-FM was pre-trained using 148,000 computed tomography (CT) scans from the Imaging Data Commons through label-agnostic contrastive learning. We evaluated CT-FM across four categories of tasks, namely, whole-body and tumor segmentation, head CT triage, medical image retrieval, and semantic understanding, showing superior performance against state-of-the-art models. Beyond quantitative success, CT-FM demonstrated the ability to cluster regions anatomically and identify similar anatomical and structural concepts across scans. Furthermore, it remained robust across test-retest settings and indicated reasonable salient regions attached to its embeddings. This study demonstrates the value of large-scale medical imaging foundation models and by open-sourcing the model weights, code, and data, aims to support more adaptable, reliable, and interpretable AI solutions in radiology.

Jiachen Zhao, Yiyou Sun, Weiyan Shi et al.

Large language models can generate long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, but it remains unclear whether the verbalized steps reflect the models' internal thinking. In this work, we propose a True Thinking Score (TTS) to quantify the causal contribution of each step in CoT to the model's final prediction. Our experiments show that LLMs often interleave between true-thinking steps (which are genuinely used to compute the final output) and decorative-thinking steps (which give the appearance of reasoning but have minimal causal influence). We reveal that only a small subset of the total reasoning steps causally drive the model's prediction: e.g., on AIME, only an average of 2.3% of reasoning steps in CoT have a TTS >= 0.7 (range: 0-1) for Qwen-2.5. Furthermore, we find that LLMs can be steered to internally follow or disregard specific steps in their verbalized CoT using the identified TrueThinking direction. We highlight that self-verification steps in CoT (i.e., aha moments) can be decorative, while steering along the TrueThinking direction can force internal reasoning over these steps. Overall, our work reveals that LLMs often verbalize reasoning steps without performing them internally, challenging the efficiency of LLM reasoning and the trustworthiness of CoT.

Diederik Aerts, Jonito Aerts Arguëlles, Lester Beltran et al.

We present the results of cognitive tests on conceptual combinations, performed using specific Large Language Models (LLMs) as test subjects. In the first test, performed with ChatGPT and Gemini, we show that Bell's inequalities are significantly violated, which indicates the presence of 'quantum entanglement' in the tested concepts. In the second test, also performed using ChatGPT and Gemini, we instead identify the presence of 'Bose-Einstein statistics', rather than the intuitively expected 'Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics', in the distribution of the words contained in large-size texts. Interestingly, these findings mirror the results previously obtained in both cognitive tests with human participants and information retrieval tests on large corpora. Taken together, they point to the 'systematic emergence of quantum structures in conceptual-linguistic domains', regardless of whether the cognitive agent is human or artificial. Although LLMs are classified as neural networks for historical reasons, we believe that a more essential form of knowledge organization takes place in the distributive semantic structure of vector spaces built on top of the neural network. It is this meaning-bearing structure that lends itself to a phenomenon of evolutionary convergence between human cognition and language, slowly established through biological evolution, and LLM cognition and language, emerging much more rapidly as a result of self-learning and training. We analyze various aspects and examples that contain evidence supporting the above hypothesis. We also advance a unifying framework that explains the pervasive quantum organization of meaning that we identify.

Erdal Catak, Mustafa Mullahasanoglu

In this work, we investigate new solutions to the decoration transformation in terms of various special functions, including the hyperbolic gamma function, the basic hypergeometric function, and the Euler gamma function. These solutions to the symmetry transformation are important to decorate Ising-like integrable lattice spin models obtained via the gauge/YBE correspondence. The integral identities represented as the solution of the decoration transformation are derived from the three-dimensional partition functions and superconformal index for the dual supersymmetric gauge theories.

Estelle Thibault

This article sets out to help understand the theoretical positions of the architects involved, from the 1910s, in the collective project for the exhibition which finally took place in 1925. Charles Plumet, Henri-Marcel Magne and Louis Bonnier, respectively head architect, technical adviser and construction manager for the exhibition, hoped to encourage cooperation between art and techniques in order to create the aesthetic framework of contemporary life. The first volumes of the official report on the exhibition express their collective thinking which allows us to understand the urban, architectural and decorative intentions of the Cour des métiers, the crafts courtyard, and of the galleries for the French and foreign furniture ensembles, with their four crowning towers. This Cour des métiers, seen as the intellectual heart of the exhibition, was appreciated by the critics of the time, but has attracted only little subsequent attention from historians. But it represents the expression of a programme of synthesis between town planning, architecture and decoration appropriate for the age of reinforced concrete and the industrialisation of crafts. It set out to conjugate, on the one hand, a desire for truth implying a reasoned use of ornament and, on the other hand, an engagement in favour of a renaissance of arts and crafts, adapted to industrial conditions of production. Refusing to see any division between the respective aims of art and utility, these ‘other’ modernists affirmed their ambition for an aesthetic approach to the techniques of everyday life.

Volodymyr Khyzhynskyi, Olena Оsadcha, Leonid Nagirniak

This work is a comprehensive study that covers the historical, technical and creative aspects of the unique process of wood firing of ceramics. The conducted research allowed to understand the essence of wood firing, its aesthetic and cultural value more deeply. Analysis of the historical development of wood firing revealed its deep roots in the cultural traditions of different peoples. This technique, which originated thousands of years ago, remains relevant due to its ability to create unique textures, effects and emphasize the natural beauty of the material. The historical aspect shows how wood firing has transformed from a utilitarian process into an important artistic tool. A key feature of wood firing is the use of special kilns designed to maintain high temperatures for a long time. Research into different types of cross-flow wood kilns revealed their technical features and impact on the final result. It has been established that the firing process depends on many factors, including the type of wood, the atmosphere of the kiln, the temperature and the duration of firing. These parameters form the unique character of each product. The use of wood firing for artistic purposes allows to achieve unique visual effects, such as natural ash pouring, textured surfaces, natural color transitions. Wood firing is a unique process that combines tradition and innovation, technology and art. Its significance lies in the ability to create objects that are not only visually striking, but also carry a deep emotional content. This technique requires skill, patience and understanding of the material, as well as the willingness to work with the element of fire, which becomes a full-fledged co-author. The research conducted not only deepened knowledge about wood firing, but also showed its limitless possibilities for creative expression. The study demonstrates that this technique remains relevant and inspiring for contemporary artists, offering endless opportunities for discovery in the field of artistic ceramics. The technology of wood firing in cross-flow kilns continues to develop, and its capabilities open up new horizons for contemporary ceramic art. Wood firing is not only a technology, but also a philosophy. It reflects the interaction of man with nature and fire, allowing the creation of unique ceramic products that cannot be repeated. This is precisely its value and unfading relevance in the world of ceramic art.

Diederik Aerts, Jonito Aerts Arguëlles, Lester Beltran et al.

We present a theoretical and empirical investigation of the statistical behaviour of the words in a text produced by human language. To this aim, we analyse the word distribution of various texts of Italian language selected from a specific literary corpus. We firstly generalise a theoretical framework elaborated by ourselves to identify 'quantum mechanical statistics' in large-size texts. Then, we show that, in all analysed texts, words distribute according to 'Bose--Einstein statistics' and show significant deviations from 'Maxwell--Boltzmann statistics'. Next, we introduce an effect of 'word randomization' which instead indicates that the difference between the two statistical models is not as pronounced as in the original cases. These results confirm the empirical patterns obtained in texts of English language and strongly indicate that identical words tend to 'clump together' as a consequence of their meaning, which can be explained as an effect of 'quantum entanglement' produced through a phenomenon of 'contextual updating'. More, word randomization can be seen as the linguistic-conceptual equivalent of an increase of temperature which destroys 'coherence' and makes classical statistics prevail over quantum statistics. Some insights into the origin of quantum statistics in physics are finally provided.

Diederik Aerts, Jonito Aerts Arguēlles, Lester Beltran et al.

Identical systems, or entities, are indistinguishable in quantum mechanics (QM), and the symmetrization postulate rules the possible statistical distributions of a large number of identical quantum entities. However, a thorough analysis on the historical development of QM attributes the origin of quantum statistics, in particular, Bose-Einstein statistics, to a lack of statistical independence of the micro-states of identical quantum entities. We have recently identified Bose-Einstein statistics in the combination of words in large texts, as a consequence of the entanglement created by the meaning carried by words when they combine in human language. Relying on this investigation, we put forward the hypothesis that entanglement, hence the lack of statistical independence, is due to a mechanism of contextual updating, which provides deeper reasons for the appearance of Bose-Einstein statistics in human language. However, this investigation also contributes to a better understanding of the origin of quantum mechanical statistics in physics. Finally, we provide new insights into the intrinsically random behaviour of microscopic entities that is generally assumed within classical statistical mechanics.

Jing Xiao

This paper explores the Galant style of music, which emerged in the mid-18th century as a bridge between the Baroque and Classical periods. The characteristics of this style are simplicity and elegance, and it focuses on melody and harmony over complex counterpoint. Most people would classify the Galant style as Rococo, and this paper proves this opinion is wrong. Compared to the Galant style, the Rococo style is associated with visual arts. Comprehensive research of the Galant style illustrates that this style prioritizes clarity and musical structure rather than ornamental and decorative features. In order to demonstrate the Galant style, this paper chose pieces from three renowned composers, Domenico Scarlatti, Francois Couperin, and Georg Philipp Telemann, representing different nationalities; those composers come from Italy, France, and Germany. These pieces, including Scarlatti's piano sonatas (K.29 and K.145), “Le Bavolet Flottant” by Francois Couperin, and Telemann's Fantasia TWV33 no.8 in G minor, above of these pieces illustrate the distinct characteristics and nuances of the Galant style.

Yana E. Anzulis, Elena V. Astashenkova

The article examines the role and importance of the horse in the material and spiritual culture of the early medieval population of Primorye on the basis of a wide range of archaeological data (bone remains, artifacts, pictorial sources). The authors conclude that the insight formed on the basis of chronicle data about the significant share of horse breeding in the life support system of the carriers of the Mohe culture in Primorye during the VI–VII centuries does not find archaeological confirmation today. Horses played an important role in the economic life of the Balhae population, primarily served as a draught and transport animal, they also were a subject of barter and tribute, the basis of the Balhae army. This is reflected in a significant amount of direct and indirect data, and correlates with written sources. But such a significant place in everyday life and economy, which was occupied by a horse, is not widely reflected in decorative and fine arts, funeral rite of the Balhae people, in ideas and beliefs unrelated to the official religious doctrine. Despite the difficulties with gathering archaeozoological artifacts on the sites of Eastern Xia and the small amount of special study so far, indirect data indicate the widespread use of horses in everyday life and military affairs of the Jurchen people. Their culture was significantly influenced by the nomadic world, and statehood was formed quite late. Probably, that is why the image of a horseman, which appeared in the region at the turn of the VII–VIII centuries, was developed in the art of the Jurchen of Primorye region at the beginning of the XIII century, and images of a horse decorate individual household items and elements of a belt set.

Massud Wahdattalab, Akram Yaghmoori

To understand the origin of artistic roles and arrangements, it is essential, in addition to knowing the main tendencies of the human mind, to study the process of form exchange between related arts. This will help to reveal common morphological features and enable logical analysis. It seems that understanding the relationship between the art of head covers, which is used in two different areas and scales of covering and architecture, is no exception to this rule. By comparing the main lines of the surviving works of these two arts, this article seeks to answer the following questions: To what extent are the architectural head covers similar to those used by individuals in a given historical period? What are the similarities between the head covers used during the Ottoman period (16th-19th centuries) and the architectural covers and elements of the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul? The purpose of this research is to show the similarities in forms between the head covers worn during a particular historical period and the architectural covers used in the Topkapi Palace. The aim is to address any confusion regarding the forms of these objects and to show how the practical experiences and aesthetic achievements, influenced by the semi-collective unconscious, are transferred from one art form to another. The research is descriptive-analytical. It draws upon a psychodynamic approach using the library method. The head cover samples were selected from the Ottoman cultural sphere between the 16th and 19th centuries, and the architectural samples were selected from the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul. Based on the research, it has been found that the head cover patterns of the people living in this region during the Ottoman period have at least eight similar patterns with the head covers of decorative components and architectural elements. It seems that habituation to familiar patterns through their presence in the semi-collective unconscious formed the basis for the development of visual preferences and aesthetic biases.

Diederik Aerts, Jonito Aerts Argëlles, Lester Beltran et al.

In physics, entanglement 'reduces' the entropy of an entity, because the (von Neumann) entropy of, e.g., a composite bipartite entity in a pure entangled state is systematically lower than the entropy of the component sub-entities. We show here that this 'genuinely non-classical reduction of entropy as a result of composition' also holds whenever two concepts combine in human cognition and, more generally, it is valid in human culture. We exploit these results and make a 'new hypothesis' on the nature of entanglement, namely, the production of entanglement in the preparation of a composite entity can be seen as a 'dynamical process of collaboration between its sub-entities to reduce uncertainty', because the composite entity is in a pure state while its sub-entities are in a non-pure, or density, state, as a result of the preparation. We identify within the nature of this entanglement a mechanism of contextual updating and illustrate the mechanism in the example we analyze. Our hypothesis naturally explains the 'non-classical nature' of some quantum logical connectives, as due to Bell-type correlations.

Arrigo Bertacchini, Pietro Salvatore Pantano

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the intersection between artificial intelligence (AI) and fashion, focusing on the potentials and ethical challenges related to the intensive use of large datasets. Using methodologies such as “Envisioning” and the “Scenario Planning Model”, the aim is to develop clear and structured approaches to the deployment of AI in the fashion industry, exploring how this technology can transform and enrich the creative process, extending human capabilities. Among the main ethical challenges are training on culturally connoted data, which risks introducing formative bias, and the need to explain AI processes and decisions in understandable terms (explainability). The possible formalization of AI methods to make their processes and results formal is also discussed. The potential capabilities of these technologies to overcome the limits of human intellect are also considered. The conclusions highlight the importance of a balance between technological innovation and ethical considerations to promote ongoing dialogue among diverse stakeholders, ensuring that AI in the fashion industry evolves inclusively, ethically, and responsibly, fostering a future where technology and human creativity coexist harmoniously.

Juri Filieri, Elisabetta Benelli, Francesca Filippi

Observing the 20th century, it becomes clear how much the definition of fashion as an inferior reflection of art is definitively outdated, in favour of a more complex and equitable relationship of mutualistic inference that places fashion within the ranks of the arts of modernity. Fashion has always utilised art in its rhetoric and draws on an innumerable series of expressions and idioms, contending with art for the esteem and social prominence accorded to high culture. The granted and denied relationship with time appears central in the definition of similarities and differences, essential to understanding mutual inferences and distinctive qualities in today’s increasingly complex and nuanced picture. While fashion constantly seeks (otherwise risking its very existence) a vector of engagement with the real experience of the public and with time (“con-tempo-raneo”), art lives on visionary paradoxes, on a higher spiritual need, translated into form.

Delphin Sénizergues, Sigurdur Örn Stefánsson, Benedikt Stufler

We define decorated $α$-stable trees which are informally obtained from an $α$-stable tree by blowing up its branchpoints into random metric spaces. This generalizes the $α$-stable looptrees of Curien and Kortchemski, where those metric spaces are just deterministic circles. We provide different constructions for these objects, which allows us to understand some of their geometric properties, including compactness, Hausdorff dimension and self-similarity in distribution. We prove an invariance principle which states that under some conditions, analogous discrete objects, random decorated discrete trees, converge in the scaling limit to decorated $α$-stable trees. We mention a few examples where those objects appear in the context of random trees and planar maps, and we expect them to naturally arise in many more cases.

Reinier Baarsen

By the end of 2022, the Rijksmuseum’s Decorative Art Fund, established by private benefactors with the aim of forming a collection of drawings for the decorative arts, will celebrate its tenth anniversary. This will be marked by an exhibition, Process: Design Drawings from the Rijksmuseum 1500-1900, to be held at the Design Museum in Den Bosch and afterwards at the Fondation Custodia in Paris. The show is accompanied by a catalogue presenting about 250 drawings: the collection is indeed coming of age! And it continues to grow, as evidenced in the selection brought together here, almost entirely acquired after the choice of drawings for the exhibition had been finalized. Research on these drawings is ongoing, and only some preliminary findings are presented at this point. The expansion of the collection is only possible because of the unflinching support of the Fund’s founders and of many other benefactors. Some of their names appear in the notes on individual acquisitions, but there are many more, and we are deeply grateful to them all.

Anna Safronova, Olena Safronova, Valeriy Safronov

Purpose. To figure out the directions of development and origins of the modern photonbook on the examples dedicated to the effect of the Soviet culture on the formation of the post-Soviet urban environment. Methodology. In the process of research, the following methods were used: art analysis, analysis of theoretical and historical preconditions for the development of the typology of a modern photobook that displays the urban environment; synthesis, generalization and systematization of the received information; methods of induction, deduction and comparative analysis. Results. It is shown that photobooks, dedicated to the influence of Soviet heritage on the formation of urban environment and landscape, continue the traditions established by the Dusseldorf School of Photography with some differences affected by the rise of publishing and design technologies. It is determined, that the characteristic feature of a modern photobook is a wider freedom in the choice of the target objects, angles of view, shots. But the concept of documenting the same or similar objects remains. Minimalism in the design of the indoor unit and cover, concise use of several options for repeating modular grids - the trends that unite the latest published photobooks. Scientific novelty. Typological features and principles of the design of one of the actual directions of the modern photobooks are revealed, which tend to continue the traditions of photographic typology as a form of presenting a photo project. Distinctive features in the formation of the design of such photobooks, associated with the development of modern digital technologies of photography and layout, are defined. Practical significance. A retrospective art analysis of photobooks, dedicated to the reflection of the urban environment, was conducted. The research is an important link in the further study of the history of the development of the photobook, as the implementation of the creative project of the photographer.

Dhoha Ayedh Abdullah Eid Althuwaimer

This research deals with superposition through string theory as an entry point for three-dimensional decorative designs, with the aim of finding new experimental approaches to superposition processes that benefit in creating three-dimensional designs. The radical transformations in modern and contemporary arts, especially since the late twentieth century, and that many indications and indicators confirm that it will also be a distinctive form of the features and structure of art in the twenty-first century, and many contemporary scientific theories that affected the various scientific, intellectual and artistic fields emerged.An attempt to take advantage of some of these contemporary scientific theories and the possibility of employing them in the field of three-dimensional decorative designs, by addressing one of the important design processes, which is superposition and tracking how to achieve it through one of these contemporary scientific theories, namely string theory in particular, as this theory is related to order and movement in the universe, and from Here this theory can give new design solutions and approaches to treating the overlap, which gives various results in the field of three-dimensional decorative designs,This is done through experimental manual and computer work in which the overlay design is achieved through the real and delusional third dimension, the superposition works to collect the design vocabulary and achieves a kind of unity and coherence between the design elements, and there are many forms of expression of this term where some saw it as a mere meaning, and saw it Some of the second foundations for the assembly of elements in space, and the third some saw it as a process of formulation.

David Jordan, Ian Le, Gus Schrader et al.

We initiate the study of decorated character stacks and their quantizations using the framework of stratified factorization homology. We thereby extend the construction by Fock and Goncharov of (quantum) decorated character varieties to encompass also the stacky points, in a way that is both compatible with cutting and gluing and equivariant with respect to canonical actions of the modular group of the surface. In the cases $G=SL_2,PGL_2$ we construct a system of categorical charts and flips on the quantum decorated character stacks which generalize the well--known cluster structures on the Fock--Goncharov moduli spaces.