Hasil untuk "Business ethics"

Daryl Koehn

Anne Quarshie, A. Salmi, R. Leuschner

Dorota Teneta

Purpose: The main purpose of this article was to identify and evaluate selected aspects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of ICT companies in Poland, such as CSR-related standards and norms, socially responsible activities in the area of employees, and mechanisms to prevent violations of the law and unethical behaviour. Methodology: the CAWI-type survey was conducted in July-August 2022. The subject of the survey were software houses (Polish and international) operating in Poland. Results: The survey showed that issues such as human capital development, business ethics and compliance, and risk and crisis management are of key importance to the operation of the surveyed companies now and in the future. Conclusions and recommendations: Most of the surveyed entities equated CSR with philanthropic responsibility, and few ICT companies linked CSR with economic responsibility. The analysis of engagement in the employee area showed the high importance given to diversity, equality and inclusion. A limitation of the study was its focus on a few selected aspects of CSR, which did not provide a complete picture of ICT companies’ socially responsible activities. It is worth investigating pro-environmental activities in the future. Originality/value: The rationale for the study was that ICT companies operating in Poland are poorly diagnosed in terms of their CSR. The results of the study may be of value to ICT companies in the context of diagnosing their CSR maturity.

Colić Snežana

Sustainable business has become a global phenomenon in recent decades. An increasing number of banks and financial institutions are implementing the concept of social responsibility in their operations. Banks in the domestic banking market lag behind international banking institutions in applying the concept of sustainability and realizing economic, environmental and social goals. Accordingly, this paper deals with analyzing of the concept of sustainable business in the banking sector with special reference to the practice of Banca Intesa a.d. Belgrade. The goal is to determine to what extent the realization of environmental and social goals through socially responsible, sustainable business contributes to the realization of economic goals. The activities of Banca Intesa in the field of environmental protection, social responsibility and management (ESG), as well as the effects of these activities on the bank's reputation and competitiveness, are presented. The research is based on the analysis of basic indicators of sustainability, in regard to the economic value realized by the bank for the observed period. Special emphasis is placed on green financial products, credit policy and social inclusion. The paper concludes that sustainable business is not only ethics but also a long-term competitiveness strategy. 

Blair Attard-Frost, Andrés De los Ríos, Deneille R. Walters

Ailin Irina Gurfein

El siguiente trabajo pone en discusión avances terapéuticos que implican modificaciones en cuerpos humanos mediante inteligencia artificial (IA). Una de las preguntas principales incluye ensayos clínicos, sujetos de investigación y autonomía. Se analizarán aspectos ético-comunicacionales en el vínculo entre investigador/a y sujeto de investigación, así como aspectos de la relación médico-paciente en la implementación de IA para tratamientos terapéuticos. ¿Debe el profesional de la salud transparentar su aplicación a los pacientes? A su vez, se analizará el recorte específico de ensayos clínicos en personas privadas de la libertad, tomando como analogía el caso de ficción La naranja mecánica para reflexionar sobre la decisión autónoma en circunstancias extremas desde una perspectiva bioética a la vez que intentaremos responder a la pregunta, ¿es la modificación artificial del ser una forma ética de resolver problemas sociales?

C. Dierksmeier, Peter Seele

S. Kruger

Milovan Vuković, Dejan Dašić, Aleksandra Vuković

Public Relations (PR), a significant component of the media industry, also represents a management function that helps establish and maintain beneficial connections between the organization and various stakeholders. The evolution of the public relations profession is commonly perceived as a qualitative shift from the unethical practices that dominated several decades since the 1920s to strategically and ethically conducted campaigns in contemporary business. However, when considering the practice of PR in the first decades of the 21st century, numerous concerns arise regarding ethical dilemmas, conflicts, and, consequently, the ethical decisionmaking process. The main objective of this paper is to offer an overview of ethics and its development in PR. The application of ethical principles based on utilitarian, deontological, situational and virtue approaches is discussed. This study also analyzes the most frequently encountered ethical problems in contemporary PR practice. Finally, the paper delves into some models of the ethical decision-making process and discusses the legal consequences of PR.

E. Chell, L. Spence, F. Perrini et al.

Ronald Duska

Lucas Martins Teixeira, Luiz Ayrton Santos Junior, Renato Soleiman Franco

Nas últimas décadas, a Medicina convive com o aumento de denúncias éticas e processos judiciais. Este artigo avaliou as sindicâncias apreciadas pelo Conselho Regional de Medicina do Piauí, de 2001 a 2016. Foram incluídas 1011 sindicâncias, totalizando 1073 médicos implicados. Houve significativo crescimento da quantidade de médicos denunciados em função do tempo (p<0,001). O principal denunciante foi o próprio paciente ou seu familiar/representante legal (54,15%), com a queixa principal de negligência (31,87%). Os denunciados mais frequentes foram do sexo masculino (77,45%). O artigo discute fatores associados ao crescimento das denúncias, como distanciamento da relação médico-paciente e represálias ao erro médico.

Jane Koziol-McLain, Denise Wilson, Alain C Vandal et al.

BackgroundWe co-designed a smartphone app, Harmonised, with taitamariki (young people aged 13-17 years) to promote healthy intimate partner relationships. The app also provides a pathway for friends and family, or whānau (indigenous Māori extended family networks), to learn how to offer better support to taitamariki. ObjectiveThe aim of our taitamariki- and Māori-centered study is to evaluate the implementation of the app in secondary schools. The study tests the effectiveness of the app in promoting taitamariki partner relationship self-efficacy (primary outcome). MethodsWe co-designed a pragmatic, randomized, stepped wedge trial (retrospectively registered on September 12, 2019) for 8 Aotearoa, New Zealand, secondary schools (years 9 through 13). The schools were randomly assigned to implement the app in 1 of the 2 school terms. A well-established evaluation framework (RE-AIM [Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance]) guided the selection of mixed data collection methods. Our target sample size is 600 taitamariki enrolled across the 8 schools. Taitamariki will participate by completing 5 web-based surveys over a 15-month trial period. Taitamariki partner relationship self-efficacy (primary outcome) and well-being, general health, cybersafety management, and connectedness (secondary outcomes) will be assessed with each survey. The general effectiveness hypotheses will be tested by using a linear mixed model with nested participant, year-group, and school random effects. The primary analysis will also include testing effectiveness in the Māori subgroup. ResultsThe study was funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment in October 2015 and approved by the Auckland University of Technology Ethics Committee on May 3, 2017 (application number: 17/71). ConclusionsThis study will generate robust evidence evaluating the impact of introducing a healthy relationship app in secondary schools on taitamariki partner relationship self-efficacy, well-being, general health, cybersafety management, and connectedness. This taitamariki- and indigenous Māori–centered research fills an important gap in developing and testing strengths-based mobile health interventions in secondary schools. Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001262190; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377584 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR1-10.2196/24792

Laxmi Remer, Hanna Kattilakoski

Abstract The topic of financial sustainability in microfinance institutions has become more important as an increasing number of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) seek operational self-sufficiency, which translates into financial sustainability. This study aims to identify factors that drive operational self-sufficiency in microfinance institutions. To accomplish this, 416 MFIs in sub-Saharan Africa are studied and several drivers for operational self-sufficiency are empirically analyzed. Results indicate that these drivers are return on assets, and the ratios total expenses/assets and financial revenues/assets. The results imply that MFIs should encourage cost-management measures. They also reveal that there may not be a significant tradeoff in self-sufficiency and outreach. These findings will enable microfinance institutions worldwide to sharpen their institutional capabilities to achieve operational self-sufficiency and also provide policymakers with more focused tools to assist industry development.

Iñigo de Miguel Beriain

C. Rhodes

Nenad Miljković, Brian Godman, Brian Godman et al.

IntroductionWhile medicine shortages are complex, their mitigation is more of a challenge. Prospective risk assessment as a means to mitigate possible shortages, has yet to be applied equally across healthcare settings. The aims of this study have been to: 1) gain insight into risk-prevention against possible medicine shortages among healthcare experts; 2) review existing strategies for minimizing patient-health risks through applied risk assessment; and 3) learn from experiences related to application in practice.MethodologyA semi-structured questionnaire focusing on medicine shortages was distributed electronically to members of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action 15105 (28 member countries) and to hospital pharmacists of the European Association of Hospital Pharmacists (EAHP) (including associated healthcare professionals). Their answers were subjected to both qualitative and quantitative analysis (Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistics®) with descriptive statistics based on the distribution of responses. Their proportional difference was tested by the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test for independence. Differences in the observed ordinal variables were tested by the Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test. The qualitative data were tabulated and recombined with the quantitative data to observe, uncover and interpret meanings and patterns.ResultsThe participants (61.7%) are aware of the use of risk assessment procedures as a coping strategy for medicine shortages, and named the particular risk assessment procedure they are familiar with failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) (26.4%), root cause analysis (RCA) (23.5%), the healthcare FMEA (HFMEA) (14.7%), and the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) (14.7%). Only 29.4% report risk assessment as integrated into mitigation strategy protocols. Risk assessment is typically conducted within multidisciplinary teams (35.3%). Whereas 14.7% participants were aware of legislation stipulating risk assessment implementation in shortages, 88.2% claimed not to have reported their findings to their respective official institutions. 85.3% consider risk assessment a useful mitigation strategy.ConclusionThe study indicates a lack of systematically organized tools used to prospectively analyze clinical as well as operationalized risk stemming from medicine shortages in healthcare. There is also a lack of legal instruments and sufficient data confirming the necessity and usefulness of risk assessment in mitigating medicine shortages in Europe.

Soheila Zarinjoi alvar

Abstract Social entrepreneurship is one of the issues in scientific circles that have been considered along with organizational and economic entrepreneurship. The development of social entrepreneurship is considered as one of the ways to solve social problems and harms. The category of social entrepreneurship can help accelerate the progress of the country. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to examine the mediating role of the antecedents of entrepreneurial intent concerning previous experiences of social problems and entrepreneurial intention. The present study is a descriptive survey research. Data were collected using a 19-item standard questionnaire by Hookerts (2017). The statistical population of the study was 120 female managers and activists of social entrepreneurship and the sample size was calculated to be 92 people using the Morgan table. To select the sample, a stratified random sampling method was used. Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling and LISREL software. The results showed that at the 95% confidence level of the structural model of the research, it has a good fit. Previous social problems affect the moral commitment and self-efficacy of social entrepreneurship, but the effect of previous experience of social problems on entrepreneurial intent was rejected and finally, the positive role of two mediating variables was confirmed. Thus, moral commitment, social entrepreneurship self-efficacy affects the intention of social entrepreneurship. Key words Social Entrepreneurship, Social Self-Efficacy, Moral Commitment   Introduction One of the most desirable and controversial types of entrepreneurship is Social entrepreneurship. Today, the development of entrepreneurship, and in particular social entrepreneurship as a social and humanitarian mission, and one of the solutions to some social problems has attracted attention (Marjani et al., 2014, 277). The advancement of science and technology as well as the presence of rapid changes in the process closes the way to the continuity of repetitive methods and requires innovative and creative solutions. Based on old procedures, society can no longer overcome problems so it thinks of new ideas in line with its goals, and this is what highlights the need for entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship (Dehghan, 2016, 2). In their activities, organizations use social entrepreneurship, making a great leap for economic and social well-being (Lakapa-, 2018, 2054)  In today's society, women have an important and expanding role in business. In recent years, the share of women in private business has risen as much as that of government. For this reason, the talent and role of women in the development of countries must be paid attention to (Zarrin Joy Alvar, 2012). So the main question is what effect does the previous experience of social problems have on women's social entrepreneurial intentions and their precedents?   Method The present study, which is a case study, is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of nature and method and is a case study. A standard questionnaire of 19 questions by Hokrets (2017) with an alpha coefficient of 0.94 is the data collection method. The opinion of professors and experts helped to ensure the accurate assessment of the test content, from the perspective of face-to-face validity. In this regard, the same number of questionnaires were collected from the sample population using a stratified random sampling method. The statistical population includes managers and active women experts in social entrepreneurship (managers, employees, volunteers, and social businesses supporters in for-profit and non-profit sections) is 120 people. Therefore, according to the Morgan table, a sample of 92 people was selected. Findings Hypotheses one and two explored the effect of previous experience of social problems on ethical commitment and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Considering that the coefficient t for these hypotheses is equal to (06.06) and (4.26) which are not in the meaningless range (+1.96 and -1.96), it is clear that these hypotheses are significant (with 95% certainty can be argued that previous experience of social problems has a significant impact on moral commitment and self-efficacy). On the other hand, given that the standard coefficient of the path between these two variables is equal to (0.43) (0.33) and positive, it indicates the positive effect of previous experience of social problems on moral commitment and self-efficacy, and these hypotheses are accepted. The third hypothesis examines the impact of previous experience of social problems on social entrepreneurship intentions. Considering that the t coefficient for this hypothesis is equal to (1.23) which is in the meaningless range (+1.96 and -1.96), it is clear that this hypothesis is not significant (it can be claimed with 95% confidence That the previous experience of social problems did not have a significant effect on the intention of social entrepreneurship) and this hypothesis is rejected. The fourth hypothesis examines the effect of social entrepreneurship self-efficacy on social entrepreneurship intentions. Provided that the t coefficient is equal to (2.10) which is not in the meaningless range (+1.96 and -1.96), it is clear that this hypothesis is significant (it can be claimed with 95% confidence That social entrepreneurship self-efficacy has a significant impact on social entrepreneurship intentions). On the other hand, considering that the standard path coefficient between these two variables is equal to (0.14) and positive, it indicates the positive effect of social entrepreneurship self-efficacy on the intention of social entrepreneurship, and this hypothesis is accepted.     Conclusion The first and second hypotheses affirm that previous experience of social problems affects moral commitment, social entrepreneurship self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions. Efficiency is social entrepreneurship, but it does not influence the intention of entrepreneurship, so all other hypotheses are accepted except for the third hypothesis. The findings also indicate a positive and significant effect of moral commitment on the intention of social entrepreneurship, therefore since this result is consistent with the researcher’s argument, this hypothesis is accepted. The ode event can be traced back to ethics. 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P. Vázquez

M. F. Diallo, Christine Lambey-Checchin