Hasil untuk "Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings"

Klara Borowa, Andrzej Zalewski, Lech Madeyski

The software engineering researchers from countries with smaller economies, particularly non-English speaking ones, represent valuable minorities within the software engineering community. As researchers from Poland, we represent such a country. We analyzed the ICSE FOSE (Future of Software Engineering) community survey through reflexive thematic analysis to show our viewpoint on key software community issues. We believe that the main problem is the growing research-industry gap, which particularly impacts smaller communities and small local companies. Based on this analysis and our experiences, we present a set of recommendations for improvements that would enhance software engineering research and industrial collaborations in smaller economies.

Daniel Rodriguez-Cardenas, Xiaochang Li, Marcos Macedo et al.

Large language models for code are advancing fast, yet our ability to evaluate them lags behind. Current benchmarks focus on narrow tasks and single metrics, which hide critical gaps in robustness, interpretability, fairness, efficiency, and real-world usability. They also suffer from inconsistent data engineering practices, limited software engineering context, and widespread contamination issues. To understand these problems and chart a path forward, we combined an in-depth survey of existing benchmarks with insights gathered from a dedicated community workshop. We identified three core barriers to reliable evaluation: the absence of software-engineering-rich datasets, overreliance on ML-centric metrics, and the lack of standardized, reproducible data pipelines. Building on these findings, we introduce BEHELM, a holistic benchmarking infrastructure that unifies software-scenario specification with multi-metric evaluation. BEHELM provides a structured way to assess models across tasks, languages, input and output granularities, and key quality dimensions. Our goal is to reduce the overhead currently required to construct benchmarks while enabling a fair, realistic, and future-proof assessment of LLMs in software engineering.

Paloma Guenes, Rafael Tomaz, Maria Teresa Baldassarre et al.

The Impostor Phenomenon (IP) impacts a significant portion of the Software Engineering workforce, yet it is often viewed primarily through an internal individual lens. In this position paper, we propose framing the prevalence of IP as a form of Human Debt and discuss the relation with the ICSE2026 Pre Survey on the Future of Software Engineering results. Similar to technical debt, which arises when short-term goals are prioritized over long-term structural integrity, Human Debt accumulates due to gaps in psychological safety and inclusive support within socio-technical ecosystems. We observe that this debt is not distributed equally, it weighs heavier on underrepresented engineers and researchers, who face compounded challenges within traditional hierarchical structures and academic environments. We propose cultural refactoring, transparency and active maintenance through allyship, suggesting that leaders and institutions must address the environmental factors that exacerbate these feelings, ensuring a sustainable ecosystem for all professionals.

Tiange Wu, Guowei Liu, S. Fu et al.

In recent years, with the development of materials science and architectural art, ensuring the safety of modern buildings is the top priority while they are developing toward higher, lighter, and more unique trends. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is currently an extremely effective and vital safeguard measure. Because of the fiber-optic sensor’s (FOS) inherent distinctive advantages (such as small size, lightweight, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and corrosion, and embedding capability), a significant number of innovative sensing systems have been exploited in the civil engineering for SHM used in projects (including buildings, bridges, tunnels, etc.). The purpose of this review article is devoted to presenting a summary of the basic principles of various fiber-optic sensors, classification and principles of FOS, typical and functional fiber-optic sensors (FOSs), and the practical application status of the FOS technology in SHM of civil infrastructure.

Tim Wittenborg, Ildar Baimuratov, Ludvig Knöös Franzén et al.

The aerospace industry operates at the frontier of technological innovation while maintaining high standards regarding safety and reliability. In this environment, with an enormous potential for re-use and adaptation of existing solutions and methods, Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) has been applied for decades. The objective of this study is to identify and examine state-of-the-art knowledge management practices in the field of aerospace engineering. Our contributions include: 1) A SWARM-SLR of over 1,000 articles with qualitative analysis of 164 selected articles, supported by two aerospace engineering domain expert surveys. 2) A knowledge graph of over 700 knowledge-based aerospace engineering processes, software, and data, formalized in the interoperable Web Ontology Language (OWL) and mapped to Wikidata entries where possible. The knowledge graph is represented on the Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG), and an aerospace Wikibase, for reuse and continuation of structuring aerospace engineering knowledge exchange. 3) Our resulting intermediate and final artifacts of the knowledge synthesis, available as a Zenodo dataset. This review sets a precedent for structured, semantic-based approaches to managing aerospace engineering knowledge. By advancing these principles, research, and industry can achieve more efficient design processes, enhanced collaboration, and a stronger commitment to sustainable aviation.

Ashis Kumar Mandal, Md Nadim, Chanchal K. Roy et al.

Research in software engineering is essential for improving development practices, leading to reliable and secure software. Leveraging the principles of quantum physics, quantum computing has emerged as a new computational paradigm that offers significant advantages over classical computing. As quantum computing progresses rapidly, its potential applications across various fields are becoming apparent. In software engineering, many tasks involve complex computations where quantum computers can greatly speed up the development process, leading to faster and more efficient solutions. With the growing use of quantum-based applications in different fields, quantum software engineering (QSE) has emerged as a discipline focused on designing, developing, and optimizing quantum software for diverse applications. This paper aims to review the role of quantum computing in software engineering research and the latest developments in QSE. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review on this topic. We begin by introducing quantum computing, exploring its fundamental concepts, and discussing its potential applications in software engineering. We also examine various QSE techniques that expedite software development. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in quantum-driven software engineering and QSE. Our study reveals that quantum machine learning (QML) and quantum optimization have substantial potential to address classical software engineering tasks, though this area is still limited. Current QSE tools and techniques lack robustness and maturity, indicating a need for more focus. One of the main challenges is that quantum computing has yet to reach its full potential.

Max Neuwinger, Dirk Riehle

The design of effective programming languages, libraries, frameworks, tools, and platforms for data engineering strongly depends on their ease and correctness of use. Anyone who ignores that it is humans who use these tools risks building tools that are useless, or worse, harmful. To ensure our data engineering tools are based on solid foundations, we performed a systematic review of common programming mistakes in data engineering. We focus on programming beginners (students) by analyzing both the limited literature specific to data engineering mistakes and general programming mistakes in languages commonly used in data engineering (Python, SQL, Java). Through analysis of 21 publications spanning from 2003 to 2024, we synthesized these complementary sources into a comprehensive classification that captures both general programming challenges and domain-specific data engineering mistakes. This classification provides an empirical foundation for future tool development and educational strategies. We believe our systematic categorization will help researchers, practitioners, and educators better understand and address the challenges faced by novice data engineers.

Ziyou Li, Agnia Sergeyuk, Maliheh Izadi

Large Language Models are transforming software engineering, yet prompt management in practice remains ad hoc, hindering reliability, reuse, and integration into industrial workflows. We present Prompt-with-Me, a practical solution for structured prompt management embedded directly in the development environment. The system automatically classifies prompts using a four-dimensional taxonomy encompassing intent, author role, software development lifecycle stage, and prompt type. To enhance prompt reuse and quality, Prompt-with-Me suggests language refinements, masks sensitive information, and extracts reusable templates from a developer's prompt library. Our taxonomy study of 1108 real-world prompts demonstrates that modern LLMs can accurately classify software engineering prompts. Furthermore, our user study with 11 participants shows strong developer acceptance, with high usability (Mean SUS=73), low cognitive load (Mean NASA-TLX=21), and reported gains in prompt quality and efficiency through reduced repetitive effort. Lastly, we offer actionable insights for building the next generation of prompt management and maintenance tools for software engineering workflows.

Tim Aebersold, Soheyl Massoudi, Mark D. Fuge

Engineering complex systems (aircraft, buildings, vehicles) requires accounting for geometric and performance couplings across subsystems. As generative models proliferate for specialized domains (wings, structures, engines), a key research gap is how to coordinate frozen, pre-trained submodels to generate full-system designs that are feasible, diverse, and high-performing. We introduce Generative Latent Unification of Expertise-Informed Engineering Models (GLUE), which orchestrates pre-trained, frozen subsystem generators while enforcing system-level feasibility, optimality, and diversity. We propose and benchmark (i) data-driven GLUE models trained on pre-generated system-level designs and (ii) a data-free GLUE model trained online on a differentiable geometry layer. On a UAV design problem with five coupling constraints, we find that data-driven approaches yield diverse, high-performing designs but require large datasets to satisfy constraints reliably. The data-free approach is competitive with Bayesian optimization and gradient-based optimization in performance and feasibility while training a full generative model in only 10 min on a RTX 4090 GPU, requiring more than two orders of magnitude fewer geometry evaluations and FLOPs than the data-driven method. Ablations focused on data-free training show that subsystem output continuity affects coordination, and equality constraints can trigger mode collapse unless mitigated. By integrating unmodified, domain-informed submodels into a modular generative workflow, this work provides a viable path for scaling generative design to complex, real-world engineering systems.

Oz Levy, Ilya Dikman, Natan Levy et al.

This paper explores how generative AI can help automate and improve key steps in systems engineering. It examines AI's ability to analyze system requirements based on INCOSE's "good requirement" criteria, identifying well-formed and poorly written requirements. The AI does not just classify requirements but also explains why some do not meet the standards. By comparing AI assessments with those of experienced engineers, the study evaluates the accuracy and reliability of AI in identifying quality issues. Additionally, it explores AI's ability to classify functional and non-functional requirements and generate test specifications based on these classifications. Through both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the research aims to assess AI's potential to streamline engineering processes and improve learning outcomes. It also highlights the challenges and limitations of AI, ensuring its safe and ethical use in professional and academic settings.

C. Cantagallo, V. Sangiorgio, C. Verazzo et al.

ABSTRACT Historical masonry construction is a significant architectural typology that represents the cultural identity of Western Europe. Exposure to seismic events seriously compromises the conservation of architectural heritage, as evidenced by recent earthquakes. In this context, the process of knowledge acquisition, vulnerability evaluation, and planning interventions becomes fundamentally important to identify and implement maintenance and conservation strategies. Safety trees, never used for seismic engineering purposes, are particularly effective in making safety-related decisions in potentially hazardous or complex situations. This paper proposes an analytical framework to evaluate the structural safety of cultural heritage buildings, using an analytical safety tree. This instrument is here applied to assist safety assessments, risk management, and process optimization. Specifically, the proposed tree encompasses a multi-step procedure characterized by three possible vulnerability assessments, with the advantage of providing an overview of the knowledge state, detected pathologies, and analysis of a heritage building, outlining a path to follow to ensure the safety of built heritage. The work first formalizes this new tool, starting from the classical theory of safety decision trees. Secondly, to demonstrate the potential of the approach, the decision tree is developed and applied to the safety assessment of the Archaeological Museum “Domenico Ridola” in Matera, Italy.

M. Niedostatkiewicz, Tomasz Majewski

Ceramic brick masonry elements constitute the largest number of structural systems of historic buildings, especially sacral and public utility buildings. In the past, they were also very commonly used as a material for the construction of military facilities. Historic buildings and masonry structures undergo destructive processes over time, the course of which can be very diverse and depends, among other things, on the physicochemical properties of the materials, the type of structure, the age of the building, working conditions and random conditions and events. The paper is an engineering review of the causes of damage to masonry structures and indicates the need for cooperation between representatives of various specialties of science and technology, in particular architectural historians, specialists in the field of conservation of monuments, structural engineers and specialists in the field of geotechnics, geology, hydrogeologists and meliorators in order to ensure the protection of masonry structures in historic buildings.

Nur Cahyani, Deni Agus Setyono, Wulan Dwi Purnamasari

Lowokwaru District is a district that has a relatively high number of COVID-19 cases in Malang City. According to data from May 29, 2022, Malang City had 28,793 positive cases of COVID-19, while in Lowokwaru District, there were 6,583 positive cases or 23% of positive COVID-19 cases in Malang City. Merjosari Flower Park, as an active garden, can be an alternative to help speed up the healing process. However, several problems were found that could cause discomfort for visitors visiting the park, including minimal shade, noise coming from high vehicle volumes, and unpleasant odors coming from the Dinoyo Waste Disposal Site. This research aims to develop a garden based on the healing garden concept at Taman Bunga Merjosari. The development concept was generated through Kano analysis. Kano analysis is used to categorize and determine priority attributes determined by visitors. The results of this research are in the form of development concepts for each priority attribute. The development concept takes the form of providing five attributes, providing various functions for three attributes, and improving the quality of three attributes in accordance with the healing garden concept.

Adrian Bajraktari, Michelle Binder, Andreas Vogelsang

Modern science is relying on software more than ever. The behavior and outcomes of this software shape the scientific and public discourse on important topics like climate change, economic growth, or the spread of infections. Most researchers creating software for scientific purposes are not trained in Software Engineering. As a consequence, research software is often developed ad hoc without following stringent processes. With this paper, we want to characterize research software as a new application domain that needs attention from the Requirements Engineering community. We conducted an exploratory study based on 8 interviews with 12 researchers who develop software. We describe how researchers elicit, document, and analyze requirements for research software and what processes they follow. From this, we derive specific challenges and describe a vision of Requirements Engineering for research software.

Abdelhamid Elbshbeshi, A. Gomaa, A. Mohamed et al.

It has recently become more popular to involve 3-D modeling and digital documentation in the conservation and restoration of heritage sites. The main objective of the current study is to develop a digital documentation process using laser scanning for Abu Simbel Temple, which is one of the most famous archaeological sites in Egypt. We focus on these techniques to replace traditional methods of building heritage documentation. To create the 3-D model with geographic coordinates and measure the rate of deformation, a precise geodetic network of five points was established around the temple. Then, 52 scans of the temple facade and its interior parts were taken using a Trimble TX6 laser scanner. This led to the creation of a 3-D digital model of the temple that includes geometric, structural, architectural, historical data, and non-engineering information (such as appearance, inscriptions, and material details). The 3-D point cloud model outputs exhibit a 6 mm spacing between the points with an error of 4 mm and a standard deviation of 5 mm. In addition, the temple’s virtual tour included 61 panoramic images. This virtual tour can help to increase heritage awareness, promote tourism, and aid in the future restoration of any parts vulnerable to damage.

Denise‐Penelope N. Kontoni, A. Farghaly

The architectural requirements imposed on the structural design of buildings sometimes necessitate vertical and horizontal irregularities with their possibly dangerous effects when these structures are subjected to earthquakes. One of the greatest challenges in structural engineering is the design of a steel high-rise building (HRB) with vertical and horizontal irregularities. In this research, two irregular steel high-rise buildings (HRBs) were seismically analyzed as 3D models considering soil–structure interaction (SSI) and tuned mass damper (TMD) systems were used to mitigate their seismic response under different earthquakes. The two studied HRBs were a vertically irregular (step-pyramid-shaped) steel HRB, and a both vertically and horizontally irregular (L-shaped in-plan, stadium-shaped) steel HRB. The SSI provides the actual response of the tall buildings subjected to earthquake, and mitigation schemes using TMDs were suggested with arrangements of the TMDs on the top plan and along the elevation of the steel high-rise buildings to achieve seismic control of these structures. The present study has shown that the best efficiency in the mitigation of the effect of earthquakes on vertically and horizontally irregular steel high-rise buildings is obtained by implementing TMDs at the corners of the HRB plan on the top of the HRB and also at different floor levels along the upper half-height of the HRB.

J. Proença, R. Ferreira, A. Gago

ABSTRACT The worldwide dissemination of the pilotis multi-storey RC buildings, generally attributed to the architect Le Corbusier, was contemporary with a structural engineering line of thought that advocated a soft first storey as a means of filtering down the seismic inertia forces in the upper storeys. These two architectural and structural international trends, combined with outdated detailing and low-code seismic design, greatly increase the risks of developing a soft storey sidesway mechanism at the first storey, as shown in past earthquake occurrences and other studies. The article explores the possibility of strengthening a representative 1955 pilotis building in Lisbon by the inclusion of novel aluminium buckling-restrained braces (Al-BRBs) at the first soft storey. This should reduce the extreme deformation concentration at that level without fully eliminating it, and thus take advantage of the additional damping provided by the stable hysteretic behaviour of the Al-BRBs. These Al-BRBs have some distinctive features that take advantage of the unique properties of the aluminium alloys, such as the formability (allowing for an extruded casing component) and the possibility of improving the low-cycle fatigue and deformation characteristics of the core component by means of thermal treatments.

A. Elansary, M. Metwally, Adel G. El-attar

Selecting appropriate structural system for reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is essential in the design process to satisfy serviceability and strength requirements. Using ordinary analysis (OA) may result in inaccurate estimation of differential shortenings (DS) between vertical supporting elements which might lead to structural and architectural problems. Efficiency of staged analysis including time-dependent effects (SAT) has been recently recognized for the analysis of these buildings due to considering the sequential nature of construction. In this research, eight RC buildings with heights ranging between 35 and 175 m and various structural systems, namely rigid frames (RF), shear walls (SW), wall frames (WF), and tube in tube (TT), are analyzed. An assessment is conducted for the adequacy of three mitigation alternatives to decrease changes between DS estimated using OA and SAT. In Alternative 1, cross sections of all vertical elements (columns and shear walls) are increased by 50%. Alternative 2 is performed by iteratively proportioning the dimensions of internal columns without changing the cross sections of edge and corner vertical elements. One outrigger system is introduced along the height of buildings with WF and TT systems in Alternative 3. Analysis of the eight buildings is implemented by developing a numerical model considering the construction stages and time-dependent effects. The alternatives assessment is conducted by comparing differential displacements (DD), bending moments, and shearing forces before and after mitigation obtained from OA and SAT. The numerical results showed that Alternative 1 is not efficient in mitigating the differences between the OA and SAT for all the studied buildings. However, an optimum solution can be achieved using the Alternative 2 for all investigated systems. Also, Alternative 3 was found adequate in partially mitigating the differences between the two analyses for the buildings with WF and TT systems.

Z.M. Najem , Thaer Alrudaini

This study investigates the effect of spans length, reinforcement ratio and continuity of flexural reinforcement on the progressive collapse performance of double span beams over failed columns. The investigations focus on initial flexural resisting mechanism to prevent the progressive collapse. Detailed nonlinear finite element simulation of double span beam-column sub-assemblages subjected to residual gravity loads that initially carried by the failed column is adopted for the investigations. Nonlinear static pushover analysis is conducted in which capacity curves are derived and compared with demanded capacities. The effect of spans length, reinforcement ratio and number of continuous bottom flexural reinforcement on progressive collapse are considered in the investigations. Analysis results show that the strength to resist progressive collapse has decreased by 25.4 % and the ductility increased by 103 % following the increasing in span length from 5 m to 7 m. On the other hand, increasing reinforcement ratio of top flexural reinforcement from 0.447 to 1.089 leads to 26.27 % increasing in strength accompanied with a decrease in ductility equal to 16.42 %. In addition, extending all bottom bars rather than the minimum specified two bars resulted in 12 % increasing in strength and 40.28 % decreasing in ductility.

Alba Soler Estrela

La arquitectura valenciana vivió un momento de esplendor durante los siglos XIV, XV y XVI en un tiempo de desarrollo económico, en correspondencia con la expansión por el Mediterráneo de la Corona de Aragón. Personajes nobles construyen casas señoriales y palacios que destacan por su riqueza arquitectónica, y acabados decorativos. Entre ellos cabe señalar los dibujos geométricos de la carpintería de sus puertas y ventanas, que resultan característicos de este tipo de edificio en la época y entorno geográfico mencionado. En algunos casos pueden suponerse originales, pero dadas sus características, es un elemento que ha podido sufrir renovaciones y sustituciones, en algunos casos datadas en el siglo XX. Se presenta una aportación a su conocimiento, aplicando una metodología de análisis de los trazados decorativos, que puede ser complementaria a estudios de tipo histórico, dentro de un enfoque multidisciplinar. A partir de un número representativo de casos se analiza la generación de formas en base a las teselaciones regulares y semirregulares, descubriéndose un variado repertorio. Ello permite establecer una clasificación y descripción de los distintos tipos, que se definen gráficamente y se ilustran con ejemplos de aplicación concreta y de adaptación a las formas de las portadas y ventanales.