Hasil untuk "American literature"

J. Lawton, J. Tamis-Holland, S. Bangalore et al.

AIM The guideline for coronary artery revascularization replaces the 2011 coronary artery bypass graft surgery and the 2011 and 2015 percutaneous coronary intervention guidelines, providing a patient-centric approach to guide clinicians in the treatment of patients with significant coronary artery disease undergoing coronary revascularization as well as the supporting documentation to encourage their use. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 2019 to September 2019, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, CINHL Complete, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through May 2021, were also considered. Structure: Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Coronary revascularization is an important therapeutic option when managing patients with coronary artery disease. The 2021 coronary artery revascularization guideline provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence for the treatment of these patients. The recommendations present an evidence-based approach to managing patients with coronary artery disease who are being considered for coronary revascularization, with the intent to improve quality of care and align with patients' interests.

C. Otto, Rick A. Nishimura, R. Bonow et al.

AIM This executive summary of the valvular heart disease guideline provides recommendations for clinicians to diagnose and manage valvular heart disease as well as supporting documentation to encourage their use. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January 1, 2010, to March 1, 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Reports, and other selected database relevant to this guideline. STRUCTURE Many recommendations from the earlier valvular heart disease guidelines have been updated with new evidence and provides newer options for diagnosis and treatment of valvular heart disease. This summary includes only the recommendations from the full guideline which focus on diagnostic work-up, the timing and choice of surgical and catheter interventions, and recommendations for medical therapy. The reader is referred to the full guideline for graphical flow charts, text, and tables with additional details about the rationale for and implementation of each recommendation, and the evidence tables detailing the data considered in developing these guidelines.

Antonio C. Wolff, M. Hammond, Kimberly H. Allison et al.

PURPOSE.— To update key recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer guideline. METHODS.— Based on the signals approach, an Expert Panel reviewed published literature and research survey results on the observed frequency of less common in situ hybridization (ISH) patterns to update the recommendations. RECOMMENDATIONS.— Two recommendations addressed via correspondence in 2015 are included. First, immunohistochemistry (IHC) 2+ is defined as invasive breast cancer with weak to moderate complete membrane staining observed in >10% of tumor cells. Second, if the initial HER2 test result in a core needle biopsy specimen of a primary breast cancer is negative, a new HER2 test may (not "must") be ordered on the excision specimen based on specific clinical criteria. The HER2 testing algorithm for breast cancer is updated to address the recommended workup for less common clinical scenarios (approximately 5% of cases) observed when using a dual-probe ISH assay. These scenarios are described as ISH group 2 ( HER2/chromosome enumeration probe 17 [CEP17] ratio ≥2.0; average HER2 copy number <4.0 signals per cell), ISH group 3 ( HER2/CEP17 ratio <2.0; average HER2 copy number ≥6.0 signals per cell), and ISH group 4 ( HER2/CEP17 ratio <2.0; average HER2 copy number ≥4.0 and <6.0 signals per cell). The diagnostic approach includes more rigorous interpretation criteria for ISH and requires concomitant IHC review for dual-probe ISH groups 2 to 4 to arrive at the most accurate HER2 status designation (positive or negative) based on combined interpretation of the ISH and IHC assays. The Expert Panel recommends that laboratories using single-probe ISH assays include concomitant IHC review as part of the interpretation of all single-probe ISH assay results.

J. Lawton, J. Tamis-Holland, S. Bangalore et al.

AIM The executive summary of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions coronary artery revascularization guideline provides the top 10 items readers should know about the guideline. In the full guideline, the recommendations replace the 2011 coronary artery bypass graft surgery guideline and the 2011 and 2015 percutaneous coronary intervention guidelines. This summary offers a patient-centric approach to guide clinicians in the treatment of patients with significant coronary artery disease undergoing coronary revascularization, as well as the supporting documentation to encourage their use. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 2019 to September 2019, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, CINHL Complete, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through May 2021, were also considered. STRUCTURE Recommendations from the earlier percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass graft surgery guidelines have been updated with new evidence to guide clinicians in caring for patients undergoing coronary revascularization. This summary includes recommendations, tables, and figures from the full guideline that relate to the top 10 take-home messages. The reader is referred to the full guideline for graphical flow charts, supportive text, and tables with additional details about the rationale for and implementation of each recommendation, and the evidence tables detailing the data considered in the development of this guideline.

E. Isselbacher, O. Preventza, James Hamilton Black et al.

AIM The "2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease" provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the diagnosis, genetic evaluation and family screening, medical therapy, endovascular and surgical treatment, and long-term surveillance of patients with aortic disease across its multiple clinical presentation subsets (ie, asymptomatic, stable symptomatic, and acute aortic syndromes). METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January 2021 to April 2021, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINHL Complete, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. Additional relevant studies, published through June 2022 during the guideline writing process, were also considered by the writing committee, where appropriate. STRUCTURE Recommendations from previously published AHA/ACC guidelines on thoracic aortic disease, peripheral artery disease, and bicuspid aortic valve disease have been updated with new evidence to guide clinicians. In addition, new recommendations addressing comprehensive care for patients with aortic disease have been developed. There is added emphasis on the role of shared decision making, especially in the management of patients with aortic disease both before and during pregnancy. The is also an increased emphasis on the importance of institutional interventional volume and multidisciplinary aortic team expertise in the care of patients with aortic disease.

C. Winstein, J. Stein, R. Arena et al.

W. Powers, A. Rabinstein, Teri Ackerson et al.

Antonio C. Wolff, M. Hammond, David G. Hicks et al.

P. Heidenreich, B. Bozkurt, David Aguilar et al.

AIM The "2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure" replaces the "2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure" and the "2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure." The 2022 guideline is intended to provide patient-centric recommendations for clinicians to prevent, diagnose, and manage patients with heart failure. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 2020 to December 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant clinical trials and research studies, published through September 2021, were also considered. This guideline was harmonized with other American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines published through December 2021. STRUCTURE Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The 2022 heart failure guideline provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence for the treatment of these patients. The recommendations present an evidence-based approach to managing patients with heart failure, with the intent to improve quality of care and align with patients' interests. Many recommendations from the earlier heart failure guidelines have been updated with new evidence, and new recommendations have been created when supported by published data. Value statements are provided for certain treatments with high-quality published economic analyses.

E. Vina, C. Kwoh

Thomas M. Dunn, S. Bratman

Nada K El Husseini, I. Katzan, N. Rost et al.

Purpose: Cognitive impairment is a common consequence of stroke and has direct implications for poststroke functioning and quality of life, including the ability to maintain a job, live independently, sustain interpersonal relationships, and drive a vehicle. In this scientific statement, we critically appraise the literature on the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and provide a framework for clinical care while highlighting gaps that merit further study. Methods: We performed a scoping literature review of randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, clinical guidelines, review articles, and editorials on the incidence and prevalence, natural history, diagnosis, and management of PSCI. Scoping reviews determine the scope of a body of literature on a given topic to indicate the volume of literature and the studies currently available and provide an overview of its focus. Results: PSCI is common after stroke, especially in the first year, and ranges from mild to severe. Although cognitive impairment is reversible in some cases early after stroke, up to one-third of individuals with stroke develop dementia within 5 years. The pathophysiology is not yet fully elucidated but is likely attributable to an acute stroke precipitating a series of pathological events, often in the setting of preexisting microvascular and neurodegenerative changes. Screening for associated comorbidities and interdisciplinary management are integral components of the care of individuals with PSCI. There is a need for prospective studies evaluating the individual trajectory of PSCI and the role of the acute vascular event in the predisposition for Alzheimer disease and related dementias, as well as high-quality, randomized clinical trials focused on PSCI management.

Mohammad Naserameri, Juergen Rilling

Context: Blockchain and AI are increasingly explored to enhance trustworthiness in software engineering (SE), particularly in supporting software evolution tasks. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) using a predefined protocol with clear eligibility criteria to ensure transparency, reproducibility, and minimized bias, synthesizing research on blockchain-enabled trust in AI-driven SE tools and processes. Results: Most studies focus on integrating AI in SE, with only 31% explicitly addressing trustworthiness. Our review highlights six recent studies exploring blockchain-based approaches to reinforce reliability, transparency, and accountability in AI-assisted SE tasks. Conclusion: Blockchain enhances trust by ensuring data immutability, model transparency, and lifecycle accountability, including federated learning with blockchain consensus and private data verification. However, inconsistent definitions of trust and limited real-world testing remain major challenges. Future work must develop measurable, reproducible trust frameworks to enable reliable, secure, and compliant AI-driven SE ecosystems, including applications involving large language models.

Fengqin Tian, Jieyou Zhou, Fei Liu

<h4>Objective</h4>The national fitness initiative in China is a strategic priority, public satisfaction is a key metric for evaluating the effectiveness of public services. The American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) model has proven a robust tool for evaluating satisfaction with public services. The objective of study was to construct a satisfaction model for national fitness public services in China based on the ACSI framework and to explore the complex relationships among its components.<h4>Methods</h4>Evaluation dimensions and an item pool were carefully developed by referencing the ACSI model and relevant academic literature. After a panel of experts assessed the initial items pool, the study formed the questionnaire to distribute the residents in Guangzhou, a total of 1,133 valid responses were collected. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 16.0 software to evaluate the reliability and validity of the measurement model, the goodness-of-fit of the structural model, and analyze the statistical significance of each path coefficient.<h4>Results</h4>Public expectation does not directly influence satisfaction (path coefficient 0.039, p = 0.103), it exerts a significant and direct influence on perceived quality (path coefficient 0.445, p = 0.003), which in turn demonstrably shapes public satisfaction (path coefficient 0.403, p = 0.005). Perceived quality also directly influences perceived value (path coefficient 0.735, p = 0.006), which in turn significantly impacts public satisfaction (path coefficient 0.554, p = 0.003). Public satisfaction directly and significantly influences both public complaints (path coefficient 0.395, p = 0.003) and public trust (path coefficient 0.699, p = 0.003).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Perceived quality is the most critical factor influencing public satisfaction, which subsequently affects public complaints and trust. Fitness service providers should consistently improve service quality, aligning actual service delivery with public expectations, and enhancing the perceived value for the public. These efforts will bolster the public's satisfaction level.

Arun Sukumar, Arindrajit Basu

In October 2023, the US withdrew its proposals on cross-border data flows at the World Trade Organization (WTO), reversing its long-held position on binding commitments against data localization. Concurrently, it has orchestrated the creation of several informal data governance initiatives, including the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity, which are all characterized by fluid commitments on data flows. This article demonstrates that the US’ turn toward informal data governance is influenced considerably by geoeconomic statecraft. Confronted with the prospect of China leveraging global data flows to undermine American interests, both in terms of national security and economic competitiveness, the US executive has sought to restrict outbound data flows. In parallel, it has developed informal, like-minded coalitions to promote norms around “trusted data flows,” that similarly restrict data collection by Chinese actors globally. Having withdrawn from formal WTO discussions on cross-border data, its informal initiatives give the US ample regulatory space to implement coercive domestic measures against Chinese actors. Informal initiatives simultaneously allow the US to develop norm-setting coalitions with states that may otherwise be wary of binding commitments on restrictive data flows. Drawing on an analysis of seven international data governance initiatives, alongside US domestic policies and official statements, we trace the US’ turn toward informality to its geoeconomic considerations. We contribute to theoretical debates on the evolution and shift in geoeconomic statecraft, particularly the shift away from formal sanctions-based regimes to informal agreements, as well as to the empirical literature on international cross-border data governance.

Eduardo Vyhmeister, Bastien Pietropaoli, Alejando Martinez Molina et al.

Data valuation and data monetisation are complex subjects but essential to most organisations today. Unfortunately, they still lack standard procedures and frameworks for organisations to follow. In this survey, we introduce the reader to the concepts by providing the definitions and the background required to better understand data, monetisation strategies, and finally metrics and KPIs used in these strategies. We have conducted a systematic literature review on metrics and KPIs used in data valuation and monetisation, in every aspect of an organisation's business, and by a variety of stakeholders. We provide an expansive list of such metrics and KPIs with 162 references. We then categorise all the metrics and KPIs found into a large taxonomy, following the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) approach with further subclustering to cover every aspect of an organisation's business. This taxonomy will help every level of data management understand the complex landscape of the domain. We also discuss the difficulty in creating a standard framework for data valuation and data monetisation and the major challenges the domain is currently facing.

Z. I. Ali, M. A. Abebe

In this paper, we present a novel approach to solving the American put options pricing model by hugely relying on a front-fixing Crank-Nicolson finite difference method. Since the American put option pricing model is a widely used financial model for valuing an option with the right to sell an underlying asset at a fated price which generally decided in advance. The method we proposed here, solves the problem of early exercise by introducing a front-fixing technique that permits for efficient and accurate valuation of an American put option. As in the comparison to other approaches in the existing literature, we can assert that this method is stable, accurate, consistent, and efficient. The results that we obtained here from the numerical experiments demonstrate not only the efficacy of the proposed method but also in consistently and accurately pricing American put options with a stable scheme. Under some appropriate conditions on the step size discretization, we also show the positivity and monotonicity of the coefficient involved in the numerical scheme used.

Gugyum Ha, Junkee Jeon, Jihoon Ok

We study the obstacle problem associated with the American chooser option. The obstacle is given by the maximum of an American call option and an American put option, which, in turn, can be expressed as the maximum of the solutions to the corresponding obstacle problems. This structure makes the obstacle problem particularly challenging and non-trivial. Using theoretical analysis, we overcome these difficulties and establish the existence and uniqueness of a strong solution. Furthermore, we rigorously prove the monotonicity and smoothness of the free boundary arising from the obstacle problem.

Van Khanh Tran, Ngoc-Lan Nguyen, Lan Ngoc Thi Tran et al.

Background: Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A), also known as laminin-α2 chain-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-MD), is an autosomal recessive disease caused by biallelic variants in the LAMA2 gene. In MDC1A, laminin- α2 chain expression is absent or significantly reduced, leading to some early-onset clinical symptoms including severe hypotonia, muscle weakness, skeletal deformity, non-ambulation, and respiratory insufficiency.Methods: Six patients from five unrelated Vietnamese families presenting with congenital muscular dystrophy were investigated. Targeted sequencing was performed in the five probands. Sanger sequencing was carried out in their families. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was performed in one family to examine an exon deletion.Results: Seven variants of the LAMA2 (NM_000426) gene were identified and classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants using American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria. Two of these variants were not reported in the literature, including c.7156-5_7157delinsT and c.8974_8975insTGAT. Sanger sequencing indicated their parents as carriers. The mothers of family 4 and family 5 were pregnant and a prenatal testing was performed. The results showed that the fetus of the family 4 only carries c.4717 + 5G&gt;A in the heterozygous form, while the fetus of the family 5 carries compound heterozygous variants, including a deletion of exon 3 and c.4644C&gt;A.Conclusion: Our findings not only identified the underlying genetic etiology for the patients, but also provided genetic counseling for the parents whenever they have an offspring.

Florence BAILLET

Thomas Brasch (1945-2001), who left the GDR for the FRG in December 1976 after the Biermann affair, is often regarded as an emblematic figure of the exiled East German writer. However, if we take into account Brasch’s statements on this subject, his migration is not so much to be considered as a decisive break in his career or his artistic work as an indication of the transnational character of the latter. Highlighting Brasch’s experience of exile reactivates other exiles experiences, such as that linked to his Jewishness, which is evoked in his works, or the aesthetic and political ruptures (such as his interest in American rock music) that marked his years in the GDR and persisted after he settled in West Germany : indeed, he never ceased to occupy positions of in-betweenness and to refuse all assignments. The example of Brasch thus leads us to contextualise works by GDR writers who have moved to FRG differently than before and to view them more in a transnational perspective - instead of classifying them as “GDR literature”.