Abstract For city planners, public experimentation has become an attractive tool to “look into the future”, increasingly including novel technologies: Actors test novel mobility options, such as autonomous driving on urban roads to receive real-world feedback on their prototypes; and digital technologies are used to create virtual spaces of experimentation to explore interventions in urban space before implementation. Paying explicit attention to the performative character of experiments and the mechanisms by which they make envisioned futures more plausible than others, we build on the concept of “techniques of futuring” (ToF) to better understand the role of experiments in urban transformations. We ask: How do urban experiments perform mobility futures and how does the performance make these futures plausible? We provide empirical insights on two cases of experimental environments in Munich: a living lab for autonomous driving and an urban digital twin for novel bicycle infrastructure design. We identify three core performative mechanisms by which urban experimentation contributes to making certain futures plausible: picturing the vision, preparing the city, and persuading the public. These mechanisms show how experiments involving novel technologies can become powerful in underpinning the presented visions of future mobility. At the same time, they call for caution when the allure of these mechanisms outplays alternative ways of deliberating and creating mobility futures.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Cities. Urban geography
The religious topography of German cities diversifies in terms of both the social spaces of faith and the built presence of religions and denominations. This challenges established Christian congregations to preserve architectural places and Christian spaces while simultaneously advancing interreligious interaction with the city and society. This paper summarises and discusses insight from a recently completed research project. By synthesising quantitative and qualitative data, it analysed churches that have undergone architectural or functional changes over the last decades. Cases range from interior design changes to the abandonment and even demolition of buildings. We found a wide variety of approaches to balancing the spatial and social needs of congregations. The paper presents four cases of re-ordering parish functions, both spatially and architecturally. The communities all face the challenge of maintaining post-war structures on the one hand, and declining funding and participation in church service, on the other. The different solutions chosen allow for discussion of the role of parish centres beyond architectural questions alone, considering the broader picture of urban space and social networks.
Architectural drawing and design, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
This position paper distinguishes restoration from rewilding and argues for the establishment of a slow restoration movement. Repair takes time. Restoration is an active and ongoing process that unites insights and methods from ecology and landscape architecture and design. Slow restoration acknowledges that repair is a never-ending process, one in which people care for other beings and attempt to undo the harms caused by centuries of colonialism, consumption, and death.
Architecture, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
El concepto de Ciudad Inteligente ha evolucionado desde marcos sectoriales específicos a otros más holísticos que enfatizan la gobernanza y la participación de las partes interesadas, pero existe una brecha crítica entre las estrategias y la ejecución de proyectos en el mundo real. Se explora la dinámica entre los discursos que rodean a las Ciudades Inteligentes y su implementación tangible, con un enfoque específico en la Iniciativa de Ciudad Inteligente de Milán. Mediante el uso de un modelo conceptual validado, esta investigación identifica (a) a las partes interesadas clave en las iniciativas de Ciudad Inteligente, (b) los proyectos ejecutados y (c) los desafíos encontrados en el camino. El modelo se aplica para el análisis de una visión integrada de los Proyectos de Ciudad Inteligente dentro de una ciudad y, por otro lado, la síntesis de la diversidad de puntos de vista de las partes interesadas sobre la. Opone y compara estos dos enfoques para comprender la brecha entre la visión de las partes interesadas y la implementación de la Estrategia de Ciudad Inteligente. Al emplear un enfoque de estudio de caso centrado en Milán, este artículo no solo aclara las características de una ciudad inteligente del consumidor sino que también aborda las implicaciones más amplias del modelo se gobernanza.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
El presente articulo tiene como objetivo presentar un análisis de las condiciones de vida de los hogares, según la tenencia de la vivienda en zonas periféricas y peri centrales de Bogotá. De manera mas especifica, trata de comprobar la existencia de diferencias entre los inquilinos y los propietarios. Si bien consideramos criterios habituales para describir las condiciones de vida de los hogares, tales como su nivel socioeconómico, el déficit cualitativo de la vivienda, el hacinamiento y la provisión de servicios públicos, también incluimos indicadores menos comunes que remiten a las prácticas de movilidad cotidiana de los individuos. Las principales fuentes de datos utilizados provienen de la Encuesta Multipropósito de 2017 y la Encuesta de Movilidad Urbana de 2019. Entre las principales conclusiones se observa que las características de la vivienda y el acceso a servicios públicos son muy parecidos entre los arrendatarios y propietarios, lo que implica condiciones de vida bastante similares entre los dos grupos, desde este punto de vista, salvo el hacinamiento, que es mayor entre los inquilinos. Se evidencia también una cierta homogeneidad entre ambos grupos en lo que se refiere a sus movilidades cotidianas, siendo las diferencias asociadas, ante todo, a su localización en el espacio metropolitano.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Transizione circolare e progetto. Un tema particolarmente presente, quello della Transizione, nell’attuale quotidianità politica, televisiva e di stampa, quasi abusato e non sempre completamente compreso. In relazione al progetto, la Transizione circolare assume una configurazione più specialistica, diventando al contempo una sfida, un obiettivo, un metodo per tutti gli stakeholder del mondo della progettazione. Una dinamica che coinvolge da diversi anni l’industria e che trova riscontro nel settore delle costruzioni, partendo da un assunto ormai consolidato rispetto alla necessità di modificare il rapporto tra consumo di risorse non rinnovabili e produzione di rifiuti, delineando il concetto di rifiuto come errore di progettazione e ripensando i cicli di vita di qualsiasi prodotto/componente. Edo Ronchi, nel suo recente testo “Le sfide della transizione ecologica”1, ribadisce non solo la necessità ma soprattutto la possibilità che le sfide della transizione ecologica possono segnare un cambiamento storico profondo della società e dell’economia, un vero e proprio cambiamento di civiltà per poter puntare su un benessere sostenibile.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Architectural drawing and design
In last three decades, planning agencies of most ports have institutionally evolved into a (semi-) independent port authority. The rationale behind this process is that port authorities are able to react more quickly to changing logistical and spatial preferences of maritime firms, hence increasing the competitiveness of ports. Although these dedicated port authorities have proven to be largely successful, new economic, social, and environmental challenges are quickly catching up on these port governance models, and particularly leads to (spatial) policy ‘conflicts’ between port and city. This chapter starts by assessing this conflict and argue that the conflict is partly a result of dominant—often also academic—spatial representations of the port city as two separate entities. To escape this divisive conception of contemporary port cities, this chapter presents a relational visualisation method that is able to analyse the economic interface between port and city. Based on our results, we reflect back on our proposition and argue that the core challenge today for researchers and policy makers is acknowledging the bias of port/city, being arguably a self-fulfilling prophecy. Hence, we turn the idea of (planning the) port/city conflicts into planning the port-city’s strengths and weaknesses.
We bottle it, we flush it, we drink it, we defecate in it, we swim in it. We pay to have it delivered and pay to have it taken away. We can’t live without it but can’t abide it when we’ve used it. We demand our potable water to be pathologically pure, yet routinely douse it in chemicals marked as poisons. Our current relationship with water is complex, irrational, historically specific, ideologically shaped; a complex hydro-social configuration that defies logic. As a result, the potable water resources which continue to underpin political economies relationally bind together public and private domains. Water use is personal and political; material, corporeal, cultural, social and spiritual interconnections which shape ourselves as humans and our relations with others and our environments. Understanding how these tropes of hydro-social relationships remake themselves reveals the power dynamics which shape the control of capital. This paper explores one element of this relationship through exploring the monetisation of the concept of waste prevention within current neoliberal practices of water provision. Within the English water sector water efficiency initiatives are heralded as an essential component of demand lead water security. Those water companies within water stressed regions are required to promote water efficiency technologies and practises; including consumer mindfulness of water use. However, water bills are mostly disaggregated from consumption; instead they are predicated on how much the water companies invest and whether this capital is raised through equity or debt over a five year cycle. Water users are therefore asked to prevent water wastage on environmental justice grounds, but with no tangible monetary savings for them and significant investment in infrastructure networks. The water companies benefit by less resource ‘output’ coupled with an enhanced ‘corporate social responsibility’ profile; especially vital as the domestic UK water market opens to competition. This paper explores how the financialisation of the water sector consequentially distorts human-nature relationships even further, with ‘water efficiency’ as a synecdoche for continued profiteering.
Architecture, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Karuniadi Satrijo Utomo, Yeri Sutopo, Muhammad Hamas Adi
Abstract. Drainage functions to drain, deplete, remove or transport water. Generally, drainage is defined as a series of water facility used to reduce and/or remove excess water from an area or land, so that the land can be functioned optimally. Drainage is also realized as an effort to control the quality of groundwater in relation to salinity. The case study was carried on in Sekaran Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City. The area size of Sekaran Village is 6,21 km². According to the writing method, the author used tools and materials required in this research. The tools used were a roll meter and Arcmap software as a medium for data-processing, and the materials taken was data regarding information about the condition of Sekaran Village in the extent of topographic maps, rainfall data. The method of data calculation used manual calculations in accordance with the rational method to figure out the rain discharge, and the manning formula for channel flowrate. The numbers of design rainfall for 5 years and 10 years was 169,365 mm and 171,502 mm; while the design discharge with return period of 5 and 10 years, for example, in channel 1 was branch 1 was of 0,6772 m³/s and the main channel was 5,7910 m³/s; The economic channel dimensions for the main channels 1 and 4 were the base width B = 1,596 m ≈ 1.6 m and the water height h = 0,796 m ≈ 8 0,8 m, the cross section was square.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Building construction
If we regard expulsions as the abrupt interruption along the territorialisation process of any body in search of refuge, we could see displaced people and migrants as those figures that have to cope with multiple expulsions until they can build a less vulnerable and precarious territory. Drawing on an ethnographic fieldwork in the makeshift camp of Calais known as the Jungle, I outline a relentless movement of expulsion-inclusion, which is both material and affective and operates on different dimensions. In the Jungle of Calais, from March 2015 to October 2016 lived thousands of people coming mainly from Afghanistan, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Pakistan, who created a city-like system together with volunteers from UK and France. Both the French state and the aid groups built their own territories by establishing different kind of relations with the residents of the Jungle, thus contributing to (at least temporarily) stabilise or destabilise their search for a territory of their own and engaging in less visible practices of expulsion.
Architecture, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Raramente oggetto d’attenzione esplicita, la categoria di provincia organizza implicitamente svariati discorsi e connota gli oggetti più vari da un punto di vista geografico, sociale e talvolta esistenziale. Recentemente, ad esempio, la provincia è stata una delle dimensioni centrali nei commenti sul voto in Gran Bretagna per la ‘Brexit’ e nelle analisi sull’ascesa di Donald Trump negli Stati Uniti. In entrambi i casi, infatti, è invocata una più adeguata comprensione dei territori di provincia di cui tali fenomeni sarebbero espressione.
Architecture, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Tras el acelerado proceso de urbanización que se ha vivido en el mundo, desde el siglo pasado, la expansión de las manchas urbanas ha superado los límites territoriales y administrativos que originalmente contenían a las ciudades, lo que ha conllevado a la aparición de un importante número de áreas metropolitanas. A pesar de que cada metrópoli ha experimentado el fenómeno de la metropolitanización de manera diferente, la inmensa mayoría de grandes ciudades, especialmente en la región de América Latina, convergen en una problemática común. Esto es, la inexistencia de andamiajes institucionales y arreglos institucionales de gestión metropolitana, que reconozcan los derechos políticos de los ciudadanos ante un escenario de fragmentación territorial, así como la provisión de espacios de auténtica participación ciudadana e interlocución con la autoridad gubernamental. A raíz del análisis del caso del Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, el presente trabajo señala la importancia de que se reconozcan los derechos políticos de los ciudadanos, a escala metropolitana, esencialmente a través del desarrollo de mecanismos de interlocución auténtica entre la sociedad civil y aquellas entidades existentes en el ámbito metropolitano, de tal forma que las personas se asuman como actores centrales de las ciudades, a través del empoderamiento y la participación en el diseño y la planeación de la metrópoli.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
As ruas são espaços livres fundamentais para a vida urbana, e sua paisagem é condicionada pela forma de ocupação e uso dos lotes que as delimitam. Contudo, o processo de urbanização recente tem demonstrado mudanças na relação entre os espaços públicos e privados, entre elas, as derivadas dos grandes condomínios horizontais fechados. Sua implantação resulta em altos e contínuos muros, os quais rejeitam a interface com as ruas adjacentes, afetando, de maneira negativa, a qualidade urbana. Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma possibilidade para construir a interface entre os condomínios fechados e as ruas externas a eles. Para tanto, será relatada a experiência, na cidade de Maringá, da implantação de condomínios cercados por lotes voltados às ruas externas e de usos diversos. A aplicação desse tipo morfológico em vários desses empreendimentos imobiliários tem demonstrado ganho considerável na qualidade da paisagem da via pública.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
The conversation highlights the features of a new and original Italian model of hospitality: the Albergo Diffuso (Widespread Hotel). Giancarlo Dall'Ara, professor of Tourism Marketing and founder of the National Association of Widespread Hotels, illustrates this new “reception culture”, grounded on some basic assumptions: no new buildings, integration with place identity, genuine experience, presence of a hosting community living in the place, preserved environment.
Architecture, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
O discurso espacial tornou-se fundamental para a execução das políticas de espaço que buscam inseri-lo nos circuitos da acumulação através da metamorfose das morfologias de bairros populares e periféricos. Tais discursos incorporam novos elementos devido a sua necessidade permanente de reelaboração, pois os conflitos surgidos ao longo do avanço dessas políticas espaciais corroem argumentos de legitimidade, e estes são alçados à composição de álibis que reponham sua condição pretérita de coerência e coesão. Entre estes recentes álibis incorporados aos discursos espaciais, temos aqueles pautados em reivindicações como as de melhorias infraestruturais e do meio ambiente, transformando, contraditoriamente, a qualidade das matrizes discursivas dos movimentos sociais em instrumentos de uma prática espacial que promove a valorização de lugares em detrimento da apropriação. Isto resulta na produção de uma ideologia do espaço que escamoteia os mecanismos de segregação empreendidos pelas políticas de espaço.
Architecture, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Somos territoriantes, radicantes, transumers, viajeros en la ciudad global. Con estas figuras damos forma y signiificado al espacio urbano contemporáneo. Dicho espacio y las prácticas que le dan lugar se relacionan con los constantes movimientos, flujos e interconexiones de personas, objetos, datos, ideas y mercancías, vinculándose directamente con el paradigma de la movilidad y con la lógica radicante. En este contexto es necesario el uso de la metodología móvil, ya que es la que mejor se adapta al movimiento de las ciudades contemporáneas y de sus habitantes. Este artículo trata de esta cuestión. Se define la metodología móvil, y se muestra, mediante dos técnicas móviles concretas: la observación participante y la deriva, cómo esta metodología es especialmente útil para estudiar el contexto urbano actual y las prácticas que en él se dan, ya que comparte la lógica constitutiva de los fenómenos estudiados.<br>We are territoriants, radicants, transumers, travelers in the global city. With these figures we give shape and meaning to the contemporary urban space. Such space and the practices that give rise to it are related to the constant movements, flows and interconnections of people, things, data, ideas and goods presently under way, thus befing directly linked to the paradigm of mobility and the radicant logic. In this context, it is necessary to use mobile methodology, the best suited to the contemporary cities and their inhabitants. This paper deals with this issue. Mobile methodology is defined and its practices are shown through two specific mobile techniques: participant observation and drift. The paper also highlights how this methodology is especially usefulfor studying the current urban context and the practices that take place there, as it shares the constitutive logic of the phenomena studied.
Architecture, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Mario del Castillo Oyarzún, Claudia Andrea Castillo Haeger
Índice• ¿Qué es la huella construida de la oportunidad? Definición
• Huella construida de la oportunidad
• La espiral de segregación
• Espacios de oportunidad urbana en Chile
• Metodología
• Descripción de la metodología
• Primeras conclusiones obtenidas
• Bibliografía
Resumen
La ciudad es un hecho colectivo que se va materializando guiado por las variaciones de la oportunidad sobre el suelo urbano. Sin embargo, uno de los principales problemas que se generan en este proceso de laissez faire urbano, se relaciona, en el caso de Chile, con una legislación que permite que los agentes del desarrollo urbano, sean estos privados o estatales, evadan todos los costes que sus acciones generan a la ciudad, en tanto los entienden como externalidades. Con ello surge la necesidad de dar respuesta al reclamo de que necesariamente estos agentes de la transformación urbana deberían internalizar sus externalidades negativas tanto como lo hacen con las positivas. El estudio en curso del que se desprende este artículo, busca definir una metodología para analizar la Huella Construida de la Oportunidad en la planificación urbana en Chile y revisar si podría esta ser un indicador de que se estaría promoviendo la planificación de la exclusión como reverso de la imagen zonificada en los Planos Reguladores, imagen que, finalmente, como huella de lo construido, puede eternizarse en la huella de la segregación urbana.
Abstract
The city is a collective that will materialize guided by changes in the opportunity on the urban land. However, one of the major problems that are generated in this process of laissez faire urban, relates in the case of Chile, have legislation that allows urban development actors, be they private or public, evading all costs that his actions caused to the city as they understand them as externalities. This raises the need to respond to the claim that necessarily these agents of urban transformation should therefore internalize negative externalities as they do positive ones. The ongoing study which shows this article seeks to define a methodology to analyze the footprint of Opportunity Built in urban planning in Chile and check if this could be an indication that planning would be promoting exclusion as the reverse of Image zoned in the regular plan, image, finally, as traces of what was built, can last forever in the wake of urban segregation.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Rodrigo Gonçalves dos Santos, Alina Gonçalves Santiago
Com este artigo pretende-se levantar os conceitos próprios da atividade da Arquitetura Paisagística encarando-a como disciplina projetual e associando-a ao Design Ambiental, necessitando, assim, de linhas metodológicas específicas para apresentação de soluções coerentes aos problemas paisagísticos. Sob esta ótica, reflexões sobre o uso da vegetação no projeto dos espaços exteriores são apresentadas apontando-se uma etapa de sistematização da análise do problema de projeto, dentro da abordagem da concepção de uma metodologia projetual em arquitetura paisagística. Também foram analisadas oito vias de circulação da área central de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, exemplificando uma etapa de sistematização da análise do problema de projeto.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
At the beginning of the 21st century, urban spaces can be said to be in a stage of growth and radical transformation. Cities are highly expansive, both in scale and scope. The spatial configuration of urban spaces is, however, becoming more and more decentralised and fragmentary. The traditional dichotomy between urban hierarchy and periphery is disappearing. New metropolitan spaces are characterised by distance related processes of social and economic specialisation and segmentation, and often also by splitting social polarisation. The planning agendas in city regions are trying to make add more balance to the process of disruptive urban development. This paper briefly explores the transformation of metropolitan spaces using a generic approach. The article also focuses on the attempts in metropolitan planning strategies to cope with these challenges under different typical institutional conditions of regions in Europe. Finally, the paper investigates the potential impact of strategic urban projects as regards a more balanced shaping of urban transformation. The questions dealt with are: How are urban mega projects conceptually framed, how are the supporting alliances mobilised and how are citizens and social groups involved in order to create new integrated urban space ?
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology