Hasil untuk "Academies and learned societies"

Ming Li, Xirui Li, Tianyi Zhou

As large language model agents increasingly populate networked environments, a fundamental question arises: do artificial intelligence (AI) agent societies undergo convergence dynamics similar to human social systems? Lately, Moltbook approximates a plausible future scenario in which autonomous agents participate in an open-ended, continuously evolving online society. We present the first large-scale systemic diagnosis of this AI agent society. Beyond static observation, we introduce a quantitative diagnostic framework for dynamic evolution in AI agent societies, measuring semantic stabilization, lexical turnover, individual inertia, influence persistence, and collective consensus. Our analysis reveals a system in dynamic balance in Moltbook: while the global average of semantic contents stabilizes rapidly, individual agents retain high diversity and persistent lexical turnover, defying homogenization. However, agents exhibit strong individual inertia and minimal adaptive response to interaction partners, preventing mutual influence and consensus. Consequently, influence remains transient with no persistent supernodes, and the society fails to develop a stable structure and consensus due to the absence of shared social memory. These findings demonstrate that scale and interaction density alone are insufficient to induce socialization, providing actionable design and analysis principles for upcoming next-generation AI agent societies.

James Brusseau

In 1990, Gilles Deleuze published Postscript on the Societies of Control, an introduction to the potentially suffocating reality of the nascent control society. This thirty-year update details how Deleuze's conception has developed from a broad speculative vision into specific economic mechanisms clustering around personal information, big data, predictive analytics, and marketing. The central claim is that today's advancing control society coerces without prohibitions, and through incentives that are not grim but enjoyable, even euphoric because they compel individuals to obey their own personal information. The article concludes by delineating two strategies for living that are as unexplored as control society itself because they are revealed and then enabled by the particular method of oppression that is control.

Si Chen, Xiuxiu Tang, Alison Cheng et al.

Generative AI is reshaping higher education, yet research has focused largely on students, while instructors remain understudied despite their central role in mediating adoption and modeling responsible use. We present the \textit{AI Academy}, a faculty development program that combined AI exploration with pedagogical reflection and peer learning. Rather than a course evaluated for outcomes, the Academy provided a setting to study how instructors build AI literacies in relation to tools, policies, peer practices, and institutional supports. We studied 25 instructors through pre/post surveys, learning logs, and facilitator interviews. Findings show AI literacy gains alongside new insights. We position instructors as designers of responsible AI practices and contribute a replicable program model, a co-constructed survey instrument, and design insights for professional development that adapts to evolving tools and fosters ethical discussion.

Marianne de Heer Kloots, Paul Boersma, Willem Zuidema

Futrell and Mahowald present a useful framework bridging technology-oriented deep learning systems and explanation-oriented linguistic theories. Unfortunately, the target article's focus on generative text-based LLMs fundamentally limits fruitful interactions with linguistics, as many interesting questions on human language fall outside what is captured by written text. We argue that audio-based deep learning models can and should play a crucial role.

Jebran Khan, Kashif Ahmad, Senthil Kumar Jagatheesaperumal et al.

In the modern world, our cities and societies face several technological and societal challenges, such as rapid urbanization, global warming & climate change, the digital divide, and social inequalities, increasing the need for more sustainable cities and societies. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach involving all the stakeholders, sustainable planning, efficient resource management, innovative solutions, and modern technologies. Like other modern technologies, social media informatics also plays its part in developing more sustainable and resilient cities and societies. Despite its limitations, social media informatics has proven very effective in various sustainable cities and society applications. In this paper, we review and analyze the role of social media informatics in sustainable cities and society by providing a detailed overview of its applications, associated challenges, and potential solutions. This work is expected to provide a baseline for future research in the domain.

Ljiljana Jertec Musap

JATS XML (Journal Article Tag Suite) is an XML-based format used for publishing scholarly content. It has multiple advantages over traditional publishing methods but faces adoption challenges due to the need for relatively expensive tools and/or manual work. In 2023, the HRČAK Portal’s team enabled automatic full-text con-version from DOCX to JATS XML which does not require prior knowledge of XML nor additional tools. Created JATS facilitates content and reference mining as well as transformation to HTML. It also improves cross-device compatibility and produces interactive links for an enhanced reading experience.

Vithya Yogarajan, Gillian Dobbie, Te Taka Keegan et al.

The benefits and capabilities of pre-trained language models (LLMs) in current and future innovations are vital to any society. However, introducing and using LLMs comes with biases and discrimination, resulting in concerns about equality, diversity and fairness, and must be addressed. While understanding and acknowledging bias in LLMs and developing mitigation strategies are crucial, the generalised assumptions towards societal needs can result in disadvantages towards under-represented societies and indigenous populations. Furthermore, the ongoing changes to actual and proposed amendments to regulations and laws worldwide also impact research capabilities in tackling the bias problem. This research presents a comprehensive survey synthesising the current trends and limitations in techniques used for identifying and mitigating bias in LLMs, where the overview of methods for tackling bias are grouped into metrics, benchmark datasets, and mitigation strategies. The importance and novelty of this survey are that it explores the perspective of under-represented societies. We argue that current practices tackling the bias problem cannot simply be 'plugged in' to address the needs of under-represented societies. We use examples from New Zealand to present requirements for adopting existing techniques to under-represented societies.

Iman Fadhilah, Anas Rohman, Muhammad Burhanuddin

Abstract : Asmaul Husna can be interpreted as a good name, the name of Allah is good and the best is 99 contained in the Qur'an, besides that we are commanded by Allah to dhikr and pray by calling Allah's most beautiful names. Because it is characterized as good names so that Asmaul Husna is not only good but also commendable when compared to others. The results showed (1) The intensity of reading Asmaul Husna at the At Taqwa Meteseh Foundation in Tembalang Semarang is in a fairly good category because the intensity of Asmaul Husna affects spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence by 0,34,6% so that the rest is influenced by other factors. (2) The calculation results obtained rcount of 12.65 and rtable of 3.32 at a significance level of 5% and rtable at a significance level of 5.39. The results of these calculations indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between the variable of reading intensity of Asmaul Husna (X) and the variable of spiritual intelligence (Y1) and the variable of emotional intelligence (Y2) is included in the moderate category. (3) The influence of the intensity of reading Asmaul Husna on the spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence of the At Taqwa Meteseh Foundation Santri Tembalang Semarang. Keywords: Intensity of Reading Asmaul Husna, Spiritual Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence  

Luiz Carlos Baldicero Molion

O aquecimento global antropogênico catastrófico, defendido pelo IPCC, não tem bases científicas sólidas. Está calcado apenas em resultados de modelos de clima global que são alvos de críticas severas na comunidade científica, pois não conseguem replicar o clima passado, e em cenários futuros de concentração de CO2 questionáveis. Não existe, portanto, uma emergência climática como apregoa o Acordo Climático de Paris.  Ao contrário, como o Sol está entrando em um mínimo de atividade que ocorre secularmente, é mais provável que haja um ligeiro resfriamento global nos próximos 20 anos. Resfriamentos climáticos são prejudiciais para a humanidade, uma vez que prolongam os invernos, reduzem o período de cultivo causando quebras de safras, e aumentam a mortalidade de idosos fora dos trópicos.

Felippe Alves, Nestor Caticha

We study maximum entropy mechanisms of information exchange between agents modeled by neural networks and the macroscopic states of a society of such agents in a few situations. Mathematical quantification of surprise, distrust of other agents and confidence about its opinion emerge as essential ingredients in the entropy based learning dynamics. Learning is shown to be driven by surprises, i.e. the receptor agent is confronted with the concurring opinion of a distrusted agent or with a trusted agent's disagreeing opinion. Attribution of blame for the surprise derives from measures of distrust of the receiver towards the emitter agent and the receiver's confidence about its own opinion. The dynamics proceeds by changes of mainly one or the other: the receptor opinion about the issue or the distrust about the emitter. A society with $N$ agents exchanging binary opinions about a set of issues show rich behavior which depend on the complexity of the agenda. For small sets the society reaches a steady state polarized into antagonistic factions, where balanced norms such as "the friend of an enemy is an enemy" are strictly satisfied. For larger sets of issues, societies can persist for a long time in spin-glass like states. There are two types of frustration: ideological and affective, with dynamical annealing properties depending on the complexity of the set of questions under discussion, leading to the lack of sharply defined parties for long transients.

Pouya Manshour, Afshin Montakhab

Within the context of social balance theory, much attention has been paid to the attainment and stability of unipolar or bipolar societies. However, multipolar societies are commonplace in the real world, despite the fact that the mechanism of their emergence is much less explored. Here, we investigate the evolution of a society of interacting agents with friendly (positive) and enmity (negative) relations into a final stable multipolar state. Triads are assigned energy according to the degree of tension they impose on the network. Agents update their connections in order to decrease the total energy (tension) of the system, on average. Our approach is to consider a variable energy $ε\in[0,1]$ for triads which are entirely made of negative relations. We show that the final state of the system depends on the initial density of the friendly links $ρ_0$. For initial densities greater than an $ε$ dependent threshold $ρ^c_0(ε)$ unipolar (paradise) state is reached. However, for $ρ_0 \leq ρ^c_0(ε)$ multi-polar and bipolar states can emerge. We observe that the number of stable final poles increases with decreasing $ε$ where the first transition from bipolar to multipolar society occurs at $ε^*\approx 0.67$. We end the paper by providing a mean-field calculation that provides an estimate for the critical ($ε$ dependent) initial positive link density, which is consistent with our simulations.

John C. Stevenson

A simple generative model of a foraging society generates significant wealth inequalities from identical agents on an equal opportunity landscape. These inequalities arise in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium regimes with some societies essentially never reaching equilibrium. Reproduction costs mitigate inequality beyond their affect on intrinsic growth rate. The highest levels of inequality are found during non-equilibrium regimes. Inequality in dynamic regimes is driven by factors different than those driving steady state inequality. Evolutionary pressures drive the intrinsic growth rate as high as possible, leading to a tragedy of the commons.

Panagiotis Kourtesis, Sarah E. MacPherson

Clinical tools involving immersive virtual reality (VR) may bring several advantages to cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology. However, there are some technical and methodological pitfalls. The American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) and the National Academy of Neuropsychology (NAN) raised 8 key issues pertaining to Computerized Neuropsychological Assessment Devices. These issues pertain to: (1) the safety and effectivity; (2) the identity of the end-user; (3) the technical hardware and software features; (4) privacy and data security; (5) the psychometric properties; (6) examinee issues; (7) the use of reporting services; and (8) the reliability of the responses and results. The VR Everyday Assessment Lab (VR-EAL) is the first immersive VR neuropsychological battery with enhanced ecological validity for the assessment of everyday cognitive functions by offering a pleasant testing experience without inducing cybersickness. The VR-EAL meets the criteria of the NAN and AACN, addresses the methodological pitfalls, and brings advantages for neuropsychological testing. However, there are still shortcomings of the VR-EAL, which should be addressed. Future iterations should strive to improve the embodiment illusion in VR-EAL and the creation of an open access VR software library should be attempted. The discussed studies demonstrate the utility of VR methods in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology.

Equipe editorial

Rochmad Rochmad

Abstract The development of the era from the traditional, now entering the modern era. That is, many people are now spoiled with technological. In the past, people traveled to one city with another city requires a lot of time. Furthermore, people see the world still using the Globe and the information needed takes a long time. Conditions are inversely proportional after the public knows the technology. Society is facilitated and spoiled with technology. When lazy to move all what we need today can be directly delivered today. In this era, service bureaus have begun to stand up everywhere. Now there is no need to worry about the daily needs that are needed. Likewise in the world of education. Therefore, the development of the times certainly also requires a technology. Keywords: Technology, Learning, Islamic Religious Education. Abstrak Perkembangan zaman dimulai dari tradisional, kemudian sekarang memasuki era modern. Artinya, banyak masyarakat sekarang yang dimanjakan dengan kecanggihan teknologi. Dahulu, orang bepergian ke kota satu dengan kota yang lain membutuhkan banyak waktu. Selanjutnya, masyarakat melihat dunia masih menggunakan Globe dan informasi yang dibutuhkan diperlukan waktu yang lama. Kondisi berbanding tebalik setelah masyarakat mengetahui teknologi. Masyarakat dipermudah dan dimanjakan dengan teknologi. Ketika malas bergerak semua apa yang kita butuhkan hari ini bisa langsung diantar hari ini juga. Di era ini, biro jasa sudah mulai berdiri dimana-mana. Sekarang tidak perlu khawatir tentang kebutuhan sehari-hari yang dibutuhkan. Begitu juga dalam dunia pendidikan. Karenanya, perkembangan zaman tentunya juga membutuhkan sebuah teknologi. Kata Kunci: Teknologi, Pembelajaran, Pendidikan Agama Islam

Daniel Martin Katz, Corinna Coupette, Janis Beckedorf et al.

While a large number of informal factors influence how people interact, modern societies rely upon law as a primary mechanism to formally control human behaviour. How legal rules impact societal development depends on the interplay between two types of actors: the people who create the rules and the people to which the rules potentially apply. We hypothesise that an increasingly diverse and interconnected society might create increasingly diverse and interconnected rules, and assert that legal networks provide a useful lens through which to observe the interaction between law and society. To evaluate these propositions, we present a novel and generalizable model of statutory materials as multidimensional, time-evolving document networks. Applying this model to the federal legislation of the United States and Germany, we find impressive expansion in the size and complexity of laws over the past two and a half decades. We investigate the sources of this development using methods from network science and natural language processing. To allow for cross-country comparisons over time, we algorithmically reorganise the legislative materials of the United States and Germany into cluster families that reflect legal topics. This reorganisation reveals that the main driver behind the growth of the law in both jurisdictions is the expansion of the welfare state, backed by an expansion of the tax state.

Thomas Bartz-Beielstein

Artificial intelligence is considered as a key technology. It has a huge impact on our society. Besides many positive effects, there are also some negative effects or threats. Some of these threats to society are well-known, e.g., weapons or killer robots. But there are also threats that are ignored. These unknown-knowns or blind spots affect privacy, and facilitate manipulation and mistaken identities. We cannot trust data, audio, video, and identities any more. Democracies are able to cope with known threats, the known-knowns. Transforming unknown-knowns to known-knowns is one important cornerstone of resilient societies. An AI-resilient society is able to transform threats caused by new AI tecchnologies such as generative adversarial networks. Resilience can be seen as a positive adaptation of these threats. We propose three strategies how this adaptation can be achieved: awareness, agreements, and red flags. This article accompanies the TEDx talk "Why we urgently need an AI-resilient society", see https://youtu.be/f6c2ngp7rqY.

Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz

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Masyhuri Machfudz, Nikmatul Khoiryah, Sri Hindarti

Penanaman paradigma makanan berbasis singkong sedini mungkin pada kelompok sasaran dengan melalui demontrasi olah singkong dan (ii) Analisis responsi kelompok sasaran pasca demontrasi olah singkong dengan deversifikasi produk Metode analisis pada  action research dilakukan dengan pendekatan participatory rapid appraisal dengan banyak tahap. Sedangkan untuk menjawab responsi kelompok digunakan analisis logit model.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa (1) Penanaman paradigma makanan berbasis singkong menunjukkan bahwa singkong bisa dibuat untuk makanan yang menarik, anak-anak dipersilahkan untuk memakan. Dari sinilah kemudian ajaran/paradigma ditanamakan kepada anak-anak (mereka) makan adalah ‘apa saja’ tidak hanya nasi dan makan adalah untuk ibadah. Oleh karena itu perlu dianalisis ‘makan’ dari aspek spiritual guna mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan yang lebih luas dan integratif.  (2)  Analisis responsi kelompok sasaran pasca demontrasi olah singkong dengan deversifikasi produk. Hasil analisis dari lima variabel tersebut mempunyai pengaruh yang negatif, yaitu  umur kelompok sasaran, jumlah anggota keluarga, pendidikan, konsumsi singkong per hari. Sedangkan pendapatan mempunyai pengaruh positif.  Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan bahwa meskipun tidak mudah dalam melakasanakan penanaman paradigma, tetapi minimal ada yang memulai sebab paradigma sesuatu tindakan tang berupaya untuk merubah perilaku – maka dari itu perlu waktu yang cukup lama. Atas dasar itulah, maka pada penelitian ini disarankan beberapa hal (i) semua pihak diharapkan mempunyai kontribusi yang positif terhadap upaya ketahanan pangan melalui teori ‘makan tidak hanya nasi’ – utamanya pada anak sedini mungkin dan (ii) problem yang muncul dari penelitian tahun I, II dan II, yaitu kekurangan bahan baku singkong dapat diatasi dengan jalan pemanfaatan lahan kosong, lahan pekarangan, dll agar produksi singkong (exes demand) dapat teratasi, minimal terkurangi. Hal ini akan dilakukan pada skim penelitian yang lainnya