Hasil untuk "1789-"

Four Continents

Iulia-Marilena Sbarcea

Since its founding in 1990, the Venice Commission has advised post-communist states, including Romania, on constitutional reforms. Although Romania was not a full member initially, it received guidance during the drafting of its first democratic constitution. This research examines how well Romanian legislation aligns with the Commission's standards on democratic governance and political party regulation, identifying any gaps or inconsistencies. Given Romania's totalitarian past, special focus is placed on protecting political opposition, freedom of expression within parties, and the limits of imperative mandates. The study uses legal analysis, case studies on political controversies and Constitutional Court decisions, and reviews from think tanks-especially following the 2015 political party law reform. It concludes by proposing legislative directions to better align Romania with European democratic norms.

Gisela Manzoni

Reseña de Jacinto Cerdá, Negras tormentas. La FORA anarquista en la ciudad de Buenos Aires (1930-1943), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Grupo Editor Universitario, 2023, 133 pgs.

Abrar Ghaith

Background: The potential health advantages of functional food products have increased their appeal. Their reception and implementation are greatly influenced by consumer attitudes and purchasing intentions. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is used in this study to examine how attitudes toward and intentions to buy functional food products in Hungary are influenced by health consciousness (HC) and nutritional knowledge (KN). Methods: From March to May 2023, 396 adult Hungarian volunteers took part in an online survey. The poll measured respondents' intentions to buy functional food products as well as their health consciousness, nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and subjective norms (SN). Through pilot research, the questionnaire's reliability and validity were determined. Multiple regression analyses, one-sample t-tests, and Cronbach's alpha were all included in the statistical analysis. Results: The majority of participants were female, working students. In support of hypotheses H1 and H2, health consciousness significantly influenced attitudes and purchase intentions. H3 and H4 are supported by the findings that nutritional knowledge strongly influenced attitudes and purchase intentions. Both perceived behavioral control and subjective standards had a beneficial impact on purchase intentions supporting H5 and H6. Conclusion: This study provides important insights into Hungarian consumers' preferences for functional food items. It highlights the beneficial effects of health awareness, information, attitudes, arbitrary standards, and perceived behavioral control on buying intentions. It was discovered that attitudes play an important role in mediating the link between nutritional knowledge, health consciousness, and purchase intentions. It was discovered that attitudes play an important role in mediating the link between nutritional knowledge, health consciousness, and purchasing intentions. The dynamic functional food market's marketers and legislators should take these findings seriously. The subtleties of these attitudes and their implications for promotional tactics can be explored in greater detail in future research. Promoting healthier food options and informing policy and marketing decisions require an understanding of consumer perceptions and behaviors.

Alejandro Santos Silva

Las minas de Riotinto, una referencia de la minería metálica en el Estado es­pañol, sufrió desde la década de 1980 un proceso de cierre paulatino. En 1993 la multinacional estadounidense Freeport McMoran anunció el cierre definitivo de las minas para 1996. La respuesta sindical fue la defensa de una alternativa para el mantenimiento del empleo y la actividad minera, que desembocó en un acuerdo por el que los trabajadores se hacían cargo de la propiedad de las instalaciones y constituían Minas de Río Tinto Sociedad Anónima Laboral, convirtiéndose así en la mayor sociedad laboral a nivel estatal en su periodo de existencia (1995-2001).

Fangfang Lu, Ran Niu, Zhihao Zhang et al.

Photovoltaic (PV) panels are widely adopted and set up on residential rooftops and photovoltaic power plants. However, long-term exposure to ultraviolet rays, high temperature and humid environments accelerates the oxidation of PV panels, which finally results in functional failure. The traditional fault detection approach for photovoltaic panels mainly relies on manual inspection, which is inefficient. Lately, machine vision-based approaches for fault detection have emerged, but lack of negative samples usually results in low accuracy and hinders the wide adoption of machine vision-based approaches. To address this issue, we proposed a semi-supervised anomaly detection model based on the generative adversarial network. The proposed model uses the generator network to learn the data distribution of the normal PV panel dataset during training. When abnormal PV panel data are put into the model in the test phase, the reconstructed image generated by the model does not equal the input image. Since the abnormal PV panel data do not obey the data distribution learned by the generator, the difference between the original image and its reconstructed image exceeds the given threshold. So, the model can filter out the fault PV panel by checking the error value between the original image and its reconstructed image. The model adopts Gradient Centralization and SmoothL1 loss function to improve its generalization performance. Meanwhile, we use the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) to make the model pay more attention to the defective area and greatly improve the performance of the model. In this paper, the photovoltaic panels dataset is collected from a PV power plant located in Zhejiang, China. We compare the proposed approach with state-of-the-art semi-supervised and unsupervised approaches (i.e., AnoGAN (Anomaly Detection with Generative Adversarial Networks), Zhao’s method, GANomaly, and f-AnoGAN), and the result indicates that the Area Under Curve (AUC) increases by 0.06, 0.052, 0.041 and 0.035, respectively, significantly improving the accuracy of photovoltaic panel fault detection.

Marina Pozzolini, Ivan Mikšík, Stefano Ghignone et al.

The silicification mechanism in sponges is a biologically controlled process where the complex and amazing shape of spicules is the result of the hierarchical assembly of silicon particles to form a composite structure with organic compounds, mainly constituted by proteins. In this work, using an integrated approach of transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, we describe the protein content of sponge spicules in the marine demosponge Petrosia ficiformis (Poiret, 1789). Proteins from spicules were obtained via an ammonium fluoride extraction procedure to remove the inorganic silica followed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The resulting data of LC-MS/MS analysis of the extracted SDS-PAGE bands were then processed with the MASCOT software to search against a database consisting of transcripts and predicted proteins of P. ficiformis. The results revealed a very heterogeneous group of 21 proteins, including silicatein beta, different isoforms of cathepsins, proteins with strong homologies with enzymes like sulphatases, glycosidases, lipid-related proteins, phosphatases, and some others with unknown function. Most of the proteins found here have structures and domains attributable to lysosomes enzymes and for this reason it could be related to these cellular structures the evolutionary origin of the biosilica machinery in sponges.

Lita Araujo, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez, Michael Montagne

Free Trade Agreements (FTA) are controversial for threatening essential aspects of health, especially access to affordable medicines. The US-Peru FTA required changes in the Peruvian pharmaceutical legislation that resulted in the implementation of the National Drug Policy (NDP) of 2009. The NDP included more robust technical requirements for registration, a Peruvian Good Manufacturing Practices certificate, a longer timeline for drug registration, and an increase in registration fees. This study evaluated the impact of the FTA on the number of registrations and competition in the Peruvian pharmaceutical market.Data for the period January 2005 to April 2014 were provided by the Peruvian drug regulatory authority (Dirección General de Medicamentos, Insumos y Drogas, DIGEMID). A total of 31,114 pharmaceutical products with unique registration numbers were evaluated. Brand drug new registrations decreased from 1789 in 2005 to 455 in 2013, and the number of generic registrations decreased from 621 in 2005 to 114 in 2013. Brand re-registrations also decreased from 714 in 2005 to 58 in 2013. There were 228 brand products awaiting registration in 2009 and 1,908 in 2013. The proportion of products awaiting registration was three times greater for brand than for generic products in 2009–2013.Registration of brand and generic medicines significantly declined after the implementation of the US-Peru FTA in 2009. The decline in the number of registrations was associated with more robust technical requirements, a longer DIGEMID registration timeline, and an increase in registration fees. The stronger registration requirements are expected to increase the quality of the drugs marketed in the country, but also less competition and a reduction in domestic registrations.

Melvin Gallardo Márquez

El artículo tiene por objetivo reconstruir las actividades políticas y gremiales desarrolladas por el dirigente chileno Luis E. Recabarren en el Partido Socialista y en el movimiento obrero argentino, durante su residencia en Buenos Aires, entre 1906 y 1908. Recabarren gozó de un seguimiento de La Vanguardia por su importante trayectoria en el movimiento obrero chileno entre 1904 y 1906. Al autoexiliarse en la Argentina, sus objetivos eran estudiar en profundidad la doctrina socialista, conocer la estructura y organización del PS, su actividad política y su inserción en el movimiento obrero y, a través de esta experiencia, vincular al movimiento obrero chileno con el movimiento socialista internacional.

João Moreira

Este artigo pretende contrariar a escassez de estudos sobre a geração de intelectuais que a partir de meados da década de 1960, de forma clandestina ou semilegal, acabaria por modernizar o discurso político em Portugal. Ao contrário do que sucede noutros países, existe em Portugal uma lacuna historiográfica no que concerne ao estudo do pensamento e da obra de intelectuais menos catalogáveis, de fundo simultaneamente não-dogmático e radical, e desvinculados das ortodoxias dominantes. Propõe-se, portanto, com este artigo situar historicamente o pensamento autónomo e heterodoxo de João Martins Pereira no quadro de uma geração de intelectuais marcada pela influência do marxismo ou próxima deste. Nesse sentido, o artigo tem como eixos principais: compreender a heterogeneidade de conceitos e premissas teóricas que suportavam a mundividência política do autor de Pensar Portugal Hoje e, consequentemente, entender este intelectual público como um autor comprometido com a esquerda, mas, em larga medida, afastado dos pequenos mundos estreitos dos intelectuais associados, quer aos partidos comunistas, quer aos partidos socialistas e sociais-democratas. Retirar o ensaísmo, a crítica teórica e as propostas políticas de Martins Pereira da sombra de alguns dos mais reconhecidos autores portugueses da segunda metade do século xx é o objetivo deste artigo.

Luis Sandoval, Daniel Martínez, Diego Ocampo et al.

We present new distribution information for 19 species of Costa Rican birds. Thirteen species show changes in altitudinal distribution, 9 are recorded at higher elevations such as Egretta rufescens (Gmelin, 1789), Heliomaster constantii (Delattre, 1843), Myiozetetes cayanensis (Linnaeus, 1766), and Lonchura malacca (Linnaeus, 1766), and 4 are recorded at lower elevations, Panterpe insignis Cabanis & Heine, 1860, Empidonax albigularis Sclater & Salvin, 1859, Sayornis nigricans (Swainson, 1827), and Dacnis venusta (Lawrence, 1862). We recorded 2 forest understory species, Geotrygon montana (Linnaeus, 1758), and Grallaria guatimalensis Prévost & Des Murs, 1842, inside the area of the county with the most urban development. Finally, Saltator grossus (Linnaeus, 1766), which was restricted to Caribbean forest, was recorded at the South Pacific rainforest for the first time.

Paulo Cesar Vargas Luz, Jhonatan Antônio Cassol, Matheus Farencena Righi et al.

Este trabalho propõe uma técnica para a redução da capacitância de barramento em topologias de estágios de potência integrados aplicada ao acionamento de LEDs. Esta redução é possível através de um controlador Proporcional Integral Ressonante. Mesmo com a redução do capacitor de barramento, a ondulação da corrente nos LEDs é mantida constante e dentro dos limites recomendados pela IEEE Std 1789. É abordada a distorção da corrente de entrada devido à aplicação do controle, visando à concordância com a norma internacional IEC 61000-3-2 classe C para equipamentos de iluminação. São apresentados os resultados experimentais de um protótipo dedicado a acionar 32 LEDs com 700 mA, com o intuito de validar e avaliar a viabilidade da técnica proposta.

Joan-Mari Barendse

Viljoen identifies an engagement with history and “dystopic views” as separate trends in recent Afrikaans literature. In investigating characteristics of recent Afrikaans dystopian futurist novels it becomes apparent that the past also plays an important role in the visions of the future that is created. The past is an important premise in dystopian literature in general. It can be linked to the protagonist’s search for identity and meaning in the dystopian space. This article explores the relationship between the past and future in Afrikaans dystopian futurist novels published after 1999. Specific reference is made to the following dystopian novels by established Afrikaans writers: Oemkontoe van die nasie (2001) by P. J. Haasbroek, Raka die roman (2005) by Koos Kombuis and Horrelpoot (2006) by Eben Venter. The self-published dystopian novels Die Nege kerse van Magriet (2006) by Barend P. J. Erasmus and Beslissing in die Karoo (2011) by Sebastiaan Biehl, which lie outside the mainstream of Afrikaans literature, are also discussed. These novels by Erasmus and Biehl are written from an extreme right-wing perspective and differ from the more mainstream novels in their portrayal of a future South Africa. In this paper I explore the role of references to South African history in the construction of the future in the Afrikaans dystopian novels published after 1999. I discuss how the Afrikaner characters use the past in their search for identity in a postcolonial and post-apartheid context.

Iyad Husni Alshami, Noor Azurati Ahmad, Shamsul Sahibuddin et al.

The Global Positioning System demonstrates the significance of Location Based Services but it cannot be used indoors due to the lack of line of sight between satellites and receivers. Indoor Positioning Systems are needed to provide indoor Location Based Services. Wireless LAN fingerprints are one of the best choices for Indoor Positioning Systems because of their low cost, and high accuracy, however they have many drawbacks: creating radio maps is time consuming, the radio maps will become outdated with any environmental change, different mobile devices read the received signal strength (RSS) differently, and peoples’ presence in LOS between access points and mobile device affects the RSS. This research proposes a new Adaptive Indoor Positioning System model (called DIPS) based on: a dynamic radio map generator, RSS certainty technique and peoples’ presence effect integration for dynamic and multi-floor environments. Dynamic in our context refers to the effects of people and device heterogeneity. DIPS can achieve 98% and 92% positioning accuracy for floor and room positioning, and it achieves 1.2 m for point positioning error. RSS certainty enhanced the positioning accuracy for floor and room for different mobile devices by 11% and 9%. Then by considering the peoples’ presence effect, the error is reduced by 0.2 m. In comparison with other works, DIPS achieves better positioning without extra devices.

Marcos Antonio Pinto Ribeiro

<p>Química e filosofia tiveram pouco diálogo durante o século XX.  Esse trabalho investiga e organiza as principais relações entre estes dois campos de saber. Após a leitura de artigos da revista HYLE e FOUDATIONS OF CHEMISTRY, bem como de alguns filósofos da química centrais nessa temática, como o trabalho de Van Brakel, organizamos nosso panorama nos seguintes tópicos. Van Brakel defende uma pré-história da filosofia da química: de 1789 a 1990, marcado principalmente pela influência do legado de Kant e sua reavaliação no <em>opus póstumos,</em> Kant considerava a Química como uma arte sistemática, sem juízos <em>a priori</em>.  O anti-atomismo, principalmente de Ostwald e Dhuem também foi um capítulo dessa relação; no século XX Paul Dirac, especula sobre a possibilidade de completa redução da química à Fisica o que a destitui de problemas filosóficos genuínos; a química esteve presente na filosofia do emergentismo, no materialismo dialético e na tradição francesa. O século XX é caracterizado por Van Brakel por uma filosofia da química sem filósofos, ou seja, existem publicações assistemáticas de químicos com interesse em filosofia, por exemplo, Panet. A química começa a entrar na filosofia da ciência nos anos 60, principalmente com Tomas Khun; na década de 1990 é o nascimento da disciplina filosofia da química, um dos campos de maior crescimento na atualidade. No final, fazemos uma inferência desse debate para a Educação Química.<strong></strong></p>

Rosario Márquez Macías, María Luisa Candau Chacón

Este trabajo analiza, desde la perspectiva histórica, la imagen de la esclavitud negra en las colonias Españolas de América, a través de la correspondencia privada mantenida durante siglos entre los emigrantes asentados en las Indias y sus parientes y allegados que permanecían en la Metrópoli.

Gabriela OSACI-COSTACHE, Octavian COCOȘ, Iuliana ARMAȘ et al.

At the end of the 18th century, Bucharest, the capital of Romania, was a “green” city (having large orchards, vineyards and even patches of wood), which apparently was in no need of landscape gardens. However, historical cartography and the written documents testify their existence. The study relies on large-scale historical maps (1:2000 – 1:7250), which were processed in a GIS Open Source Environment (QGIS software). The Purcel map (1789) shows the existence of eleven landscape gardens totalling an area of 8.63 ha. The retrieval of their exact location may serve as a starting point for a future web page meant to offer virtual travels and to bring back to light the old townscapes through paintings, vintage photos, testimonials of foreign travelers, documents, etc. All these can prove to be very useful for understanding the emotional geography of the old Bucharest, which arouses a particular interest, as shown by the results of a questionnaire applied on 134 subjects.

C. Findley

Adrián Márquez-Navarro, Gudelio García-Bracamontes, Blanca E. Álvarez-Fernández et al.

We present a human infection with the canine whipworm, Trichuris vulpis, in a child suffering from rhinitis with a diagnosis of rhinitis. T. vulpis eggs resemble those of T. trichiura but they can be differentiated based on their morphological features and egg size, using micrometry with an ocular micrometer. T. vulpis eggs measured an average of 90 µm by 44 µm (range 86-99 µm by 38-47 µm). Prevalence of hookworms (28.1%), Toxocara canis (11.8%), and Trichuris vulpis (3.5%) was found in 292 fecal samples of dogs collected at the peri-domicile, which showed that the risk of infection was not only fortuitous. The treatment of canine whipworm infections is similar to that of T. trichiura infection. We recommend differentiation of the 2 species for their epidemiological and prevention implications.

M. Nader, S. Indary, L. Boustany