Background Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases worldv.ide. Indonesia has moderate-high endemicity for hepatitis B infection. Perinatal transmission increases the risk for chronic hepatitis B. Infants from HBsAg-positive mothers should receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccination within 12 hours of birth, but this practice is not routinely done in Indonesia due to financial constraints.Objectives To detennine the influence of Hep-B immunization on preventing Hepatitis B vertical transmission. Methods A descriptive cohort study was conducted from May 2009 - January 2010. Subjects were term infants born from HBsAg-positive mothers v.ith no history of HBIG administration. They had received complete hepatitis B immunization and 1 month after the last dose were evaluated for HBsAg and anti-HBs. Cord blood was also taken during labor to measure HBsAg.Results There were 22 infants born from HBsAg-positive mother who met the inclusion criteria. HBsAgwas positive in 6 of22 cord blood specimens. There were 15 infants who completed this study. One of 15 infants had positive HBsAg after completed hepatitis B immunization and 12 of 15 infants had protective level of anti-HBs. Effectiveness of hepatitis B immunization to prevent vertical transmission in this study was 70-90%.Conclusion Hepatitis B immunization can prevent vertical transmission of hepatitis B in infants born to mothers who are HBsAg-positive even without administration of HBIG.
A bstractThe recent papers arXiv:1110.0971 and arXiv:1201.5431 have provided a superfield description for vector-tensor multiplets and their Chern-Simons couplings in 4D $ \mathcal{N} = {2} $ conformal supergravity. Here we develop a superform formulation for these theories. Furthermore an alternative means of gauging the central charge is given, making use of a deformed vector multiplet, which may be thought of as a variant vector-tensor multiplet. Its Chern-Simons couplings to additional vector multiplets are also constructed. This multiplet together with its Chern-Simons couplings are new results not considered by de Wit et al. in hep-th/9710212.
Using the results of arXiv:0804.0009, where all timelike supersymmetric backgrounds of N=2, D=4 matter-coupled supergravity with Fayet-Iliopoulos gauging were classified, we construct genuine nut-charged BPS black holes in AdS_4 with nonconstant moduli. The calculations are exemplified for the SU(1,1)/U(1) model with prepotential F=-iX^0X^1. The resulting supersymmetric black holes have a hyperbolic horizon and carry two electric, two magnetic and one nut charge, which are however not all independent, but are given in terms of three free parameters. We find that turning on a nut charge lifts the flat directions in the effective black hole potential, such that the horizon values of the scalars are completely fixed by the charges. We also oxidize the solutions to eleven dimensions, and find that they generalize the geometry found in hep-th/0105250 corresponding to membranes wrapping holomorphic curves in a Calabi-Yau five-fold. Finally, a class of nut-charged Nernst branes is constructed as well, but these have curvature singularities at the horizon.
Globally conformal invariant quantum field theories in a D-dimensional space-time (D even) have rational correlation functions and admit an infinite number of conserved (symmetric traceless) tensor currents. In a theory of a scalar field of dimension D-2 they were demonstrated to be generated by bilocal normal products of free massless scalar fields with an O(N), U(N), or Sp(2N) (global) gauge symmetry [B. Bakalov, N. M. Nikolov, K.-H. Rehren, and I. Todorov, “Unitary positive energy representations of scalar bilocal fields,” Commun. Math. Phys. 271, 223–246 (2007)10.1007/s00220-006-0182-2; e-print arXiv:math-ph/0604069v3; B. Bakalov, N. M. Nikolov, K.-H. Rehren, and I. Todorov, “Infinite dimensional Lie algebras in 4D conformal quantum field theory,” J. Phys. A Math Theor. 41, 194002 (2008)10.1088/1751-8113/41/19/194002; e-print arXiv:0711.0627v2 [hep-th]]. Recently, conformal field theories “with higher spin symmetry” were considered for D = 3 by Maldacena and Zhiboedov [“Constraining conformal field th...
We extend the proposal for a detailed map between wrapped D-branes in Antide Sitter space and baryon-like operators in the associated dual conformal field theory provided in hep-th/0202150 to the recently formulated $ {{{Ad{S_4} \times \mathbb{C}{\mathbb{P}^3}}} \left/ {\text{ABJM}} \right.} $ correspondence. In this example, the role of the dibaryon operator of the 3-dimensional CFT is played by a D4-brane wrapping a $ \mathbb{C}{\mathbb{P}^2} \subset \mathbb{C}{\mathbb{P}^3} $. This topologically stable D-brane in the $ Ad{S_4} \times \mathbb{C}{\mathbb{P}^3} $ is nothing but one-half of the maximal giant graviton on $ \mathbb{C}{\mathbb{P}^3} $.
This talk summarizes the study of superfield gaugings of isometries of extended supersymmetric mechanics in hep-th/0605211, hep-th/0611247 and arXiv:0706.0706. The gauging procedure provides a manifestly supersymmetric realization of d=1 automorphic dualities which interrelate various irreducible off-shell multiplets of d=1 extended supersymmetry featuring the same number of physical fermions but different divisions of bosonic fields into the physical and auxiliary subsets. We concentrate on the most interesting N=4 case and demonstrate that, with a suitable choice of the symmetry to be gauged, all such multiplets of N=4 supersymmetric mechanics and their generic superfield actions can be obtained from the "root" multiplet (4,4,0) and the appropriate gauged subclasses of the generic superfield action of the latter by a simple universal recipe.
The loop expansion for the n-point functions of N=4 Yang-Mills theory and N=8 supergravity can be formulated as the loop expansion of scalar field theory with an infinite subclass being the ladder diagrams. We consider the sum of ladder diagrams for gluon-gluon and graviton-graviton scattering in the Regge limit. The reggeization of the gluon and the graviton is discussed in this context and that of hep-th/0701217. If the Bern, Dixon, Smirnov conjecture for planar gluon-gluon scattering is correct, then the ladder sum for SU(N) gauge theory at large N, correctly gives the Regge limit, with Regge trajectory function proportional to the cusp anomalous dimension. In graviton-graviton scattering it is argued that the graviton lies on a Regge trajectory. Regge cuts are also present due to infinite sums of non-planar graphs. The multiple exchange of Regge poles in non-planar graphs can give a countable infinite number of moving Regge cuts which accumulate near s=0. It is conjectured that this may be related to the infinite number of non-perturbative massless states which remain in the limit discussed by Green, Ooguri and Schwarz.
We use large N duality to study brane/anti-brane configurations on a class of Calabi-Yau manifolds. With only branes present, the Calabi-Yau manifolds in question give rise to N=2 ADE quiver theories deformed by superpotential terms. We show that the large N duality conjecture of hep-th/0610249 reproduces correctly the known qualitative features of the brane/anti-brane physics. In the supersymmetric case, the gauge theories have Seiberg dualities which are represented as flops in the geometry. Moreover, the holographic dual geometry encodes the whole RG flow of the gauge theory. In the non-supersymmetric case, the large N duality predicts that the brane/anti-brane theories also enjoy such dualities, and allows one to pick out the good description at a given energy scale.
We will present an extension of the standard model of particle physics in its almost-commutative formulation. This extension is guided by the minimal approach to almost-commutative geometries employed by Iochum et al (2004 J. Math. Phys.45 5003 (Preprint hep-th/0312276)), Jureit and Stephan (2005 J. Math. Phys.46 043512 (Preprint hep-th/0501134)), Schücker (2005 Preprint hep-th/0501181), Jureit et al (2005 J. Math. Phys.46 072303 (Preprint hep-th/0503190)) and Jureit and Stephan (2006 Preprint hep-th/0610040), although the model presented here is not minimal itself. The corresponding almost-commutative geometry leads to a Yang–Mills–Higgs model which consists of the standard model and two new fermions of opposite electromagnetic charge which may possess a new colour-like gauge group. As a new phenomenon, grand unification is no longer required by the spectral action.