Direct detection dark matter experiments have proven to be compelling probes for studying low-energy neutrino interactions with both nuclei and atomic electrons, offering complementary information to accelerator and reactor-based neutrino experiments. Recently, the XENONnT and PandaX-4T collaborations reported the first evidence of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering from $^8\mathrm{B}$ solar neutrinos. Thanks to their excellent background rejection capabilities and distinctive signal signatures, dual-phase time projection chambers are also sensitive to $pp$ solar neutrinos via their elastic scattering off atomic electrons in the target material. Although this signal is subdominant within the Standard Model, it becomes significantly enhanced in many beyond the Standard Model scenarios, offering a unique opportunity to probe new physics in the low-energy regime. While the precision of current neutrino measurements from dark matter detectors remains lower than that achieved by dedicated neutrino experiments, their sensitivity to the tau neutrino component of solar neutrinos helps complete the overall picture, especially when investigating flavor-dependent new physics effects.
Francesco Giovanni Celiberto, Luigi Delle Rose, Alessandro Papa
We present updated predictions for rapidity and transverse-momentum spectra in Higgs-plus-jet production at proton colliders, combining NLO fixed-order QCD with next-to-leading energy-logarithmic resummation. Preliminary results for the $Z$-boson case are also discussed. Our study underscores the importance of improving fixed-order predictions for Higgs- and $Z$-plus-jet observables to meet the precision demands of Higgs and electroweak measurements at the LHC and future FCC energies.
We estimate the sensitivity of Wilson coefficients of the lepton flavor-violating dimension-six operators at the proposed $μ^+μ^-$ collider. We compute the signal significance at $\sqrt{s}$ = 3 and 10 TeV, respectively, with an integrated luminosity of 1 and 10 ab$^{-1}$ corresponding to unpolarized and polarized initial muon beams. Using the optimal observable method for the kinematic distributions, we study the measurement errors of the effective couplings at the 1-sigma level.
Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) is a well-known gaseous detector in the field of High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments for its good tracking capability, high efficiency, good time resolution, and low cost of fabrication. The main issue in RPC is its limitation in the rate handling capability. Several experimental groups have developed sophisticated techniques to increase the particle rate capability and reduce the noise rate of this detector. In this article, we discussed a new method for linseed oil coating in case of bakelite RPC detector to achieve good efficiency and the results obtained using a conventional gas mixture.
I would like to thank Junk and Lyons (arXiv:2009.06864) for beginning a discussion about replication in high-energy physics (HEP). Junk and Lyons ultimately argue that HEP learned its lessons the hard way through past failures and that other fields could learn from our procedures. They emphasize that experimental collaborations would risk their legacies were they to make a type-1 error in a search for new physics and outline the vigilance taken to avoid one, such as data blinding and a strict $5σ$ threshold. The discussion, however, ignores an elephant in the room: there are regularly anomalies in searches for new physics that result in substantial scientific activity but don't replicate with more data.
The traditional approach in HEP analysis software is to loop over every event and every object via the ROOT framework. This method follows an imperative paradigm, in which the code is tied to the storage format and steps of execution. A more desirable strategy would be to implement a declarative language, such that the storage medium and execution are not included in the abstraction model. This will become increasingly important to managing the large dataset collected by the LHC and the HL-LHC. A new analysis description language (ADL) inspired by functional programming, FuncADL, was developed using Python as a host language. The expressiveness of this language was tested by implementing example analysis tasks designed to benchmark the functionality of ADLs. Many simple selections are expressible in a declarative way with FuncADL, which can be used as an interface to retrieve filtered data. Some limitations were identified, but the design of the language allows for future extensions to add missing features. FuncADL is part of a suite of analysis software tools being developed by the Institute for Research and Innovation in Software for High Energy Physics (IRIS-HEP). These tools will be available to develop highly scalable physics analyses for the LHC.
Search for SUSY in HEP is of enormous interest for the past few decades. Continuous searches were conducted at LHC regarding SUSY for prompt, non-prompt, R-parity conserving and violating generation and decays. The limits obtained from these analysis to detect the signatures of SUSY particles, revealed greater possibilities of such experiments in collider. These signatures are usually derived assuming a bit optimistic conditions of the decaying process of s-particles to final-states. Moreover, SUSY might have been in a disguised state in lower-mass scales resulting from challenging mass-spectra and mixed-modes of decays. The proposed chaos-based, novel method of 2D-Multifractal-Detrended-Fluctuation-Analysis(2D-MF-DFA), is extended using rectangular scale. The experimental data-surfaces are constructed using the component-space(in the X,Y,Z co-ordinates) taken out from the 4-momenta of final-state-signatures of the produced di-muons from the selected events. Two publicly-available datasets are used here. First is the data from MultiJet primary pp collision-data from RunB(2010) at 7TeV, used in analysis of the SUSY with Razor-variables. Second is the data from primary dataset of pp collisions at 7TeV from RunA(2011) of CMS-collaboration. The 2D-MF behaviour of particle production process is studied in terms of symmetry-scaling, the inherent scale-freeness and multifractality. The analysis outcome for SUSY data is compared with the same for the non-SUSY data in terms of the generalized Hurst-exponent and 2D-MF spectrum width. Significantly different scaling behaviour and long-range correlation is observed between the final-state-signatures of the di-lepton production-process of the first and second datasets. This difference may indicate a possible signature of SUSY which may be missed in the conventional method of analysing the invariant-mass/transverse-momentum-spectrum.
Federico Stagni, Andrea Valassi, Vladimir Romanovskiy
High Performance Computing (HPC) supercomputers are expected to play an increasingly important role in HEP computing in the coming years. While HPC resources are not necessarily the optimal fit for HEP workflows, computing time at HPC centers on an opportunistic basis has already been available to the LHC experiments for some time, and it is also possible that part of the pledged computing resources will be offered as CPU time allocations at HPC centers in the future. The integration of the experiment workflows to make the most efficient use of HPC resources is therefore essential. This paper describes the work that has been necessary to integrate LHCb workflows at a specific HPC site, the Marconi-A2 system at CINECA in Italy, where LHCb benefited from a joint PRACE (Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe) allocation with the other Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. This has required addressing two types of challenges: on the software application workloads, for optimising their performance on a many-core hardware architecture that differs significantly from those traditionally used in WLCG (Worldwide LHC Computing Grid), by reducing memory footprint using a multi-process approach; and in the distributed computing area, for submitting these workloads using more than one logical processor per job, which had never been done yet in LHCb.
The recent release of improved lattice data has revived again the interest on precise theoretical calculations of the direct CP-violation ratio $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$. We present a complete update of the Standard Model prediction [1,2], including a new re-analysis of isospin-breaking corrections which are of vital importance in the theoretical determination of this observable. The Standard Model prediction, $\mathrm{Re} (ε'/ε) = (14\pm 5)\cdot 10^{-4}$, turns out to be in good agreement with the experimental measurement.
Monolithic active pixel sensors produced in High Voltage CMOS (HV-CMOS) technology are being considered for High Energy Physics applications due to the ease of production and the reduced costs. Such technology is especially appealing when large areas to be covered and material budget are concerned. This is the case of the outermost pixel layers of the future ATLAS tracking detector for the HL-LHC. For experiments at hadron colliders, radiation hardness is a key requirement which is not fulfilled by standard CMOS sensor designs that collect charge by diffusion. This issue has been addressed by depleted active pixel sensors in which electronics are embedded into a large deep implantation ensuring uniform charge collection by drift. Very first small prototypes of hybrid depleted active pixel sensors have already shown a radiation hardness compatible with the ATLAS requirements. Nevertheless, to compete with the present hybrid solutions a further reduction in costs achievable by a fully monolithic design is desirable. The H35DEMO is a large electrode full reticle demonstrator chip produced in AMS 350 nm HV-CMOS technology by the collaboration of Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), University of Liverpool and University of Geneva. It includes two large monolithic pixel matrices which can be operated standalone. One of these two matrices has been characterised at beam test before and after irradiation with protons and neutrons. Results demonstrated the feasibility of producing radiation hard large area fully monolithic pixel sensors in HV-CMOS technology. H35DEMO chips with a substrate resistivity of 200$Ω$ cm irradiated with neutrons showed a radiation hardness up to a fluence of $10^{15}$n$_{eq}$cm$^{-2}$ with a hit efficiency of about 99% and a noise occupancy lower than $10^{-6}$ hits in a LHC bunch crossing of 25ns at 150V.
We present results for the invariant and helicity amplitudes in the transitions $Λ_b\toΛ^{(\ast)}(J^P)+J/ψ$ where the $Λ^{(\ast)}(J^P)$ are $Λ(sud)$-type ground and excited states with $J^P$ quantum numbers $J^P=\frac12^{\pm},\frac32^{\pm}$. The calculations are performed in the framework of a covariant confined quark model. This analysis is important for the identification of the hidden charm pentaquark states $P_c^+(4380)$ and $P_c^+(4450)$ which were discovered by the LHCb Coll. We also discuss the possible New Physics effects in the exclusive decays $\bar{B}^0 \to D^{(\ast)} τ^- \barν_τ$. We extend the Standard Model by taking into account right-handed vector (axial), left- and right-handed (pseudo)scalar, and tensor current contributions. The $\bar{B}^0 \to D^{(\ast)}$ transition form factors are calculated in the full kinematic $q^2$ range by employing a covariant quark model.
I describe the theoretical progress in the study of semileptonic tree-level B decays, and its interplay with recent experimental results. In particular, I focus on two anomalies: the ratios $R(D^{(*)})=\displaystyle\frac{{\cal B}(B \to D^{(*)} τ\bar ν_τ)}{{\cal B}(B \to D^{(*)} \ell \bar ν_\ell)}$ and the inclusive versus exclusive determination of $|V_{cb}|$. I review a few explanations proposed for such anomalies, and discuss tests to shed light on their origin.
Background Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases worldv.ide. Indonesia has moderate-high endemicity for hepatitis B infection. Perinatal transmission increases the risk for chronic hepatitis B. Infants from HBsAg-positive mothers should receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccination within 12 hours of birth, but this practice is not routinely done in Indonesia due to financial constraints.Objectives To detennine the influence of Hep-B immunization on preventing Hepatitis B vertical transmission. Methods A descriptive cohort study was conducted from May 2009 - January 2010. Subjects were term infants born from HBsAg-positive mothers v.ith no history of HBIG administration. They had received complete hepatitis B immunization and 1 month after the last dose were evaluated for HBsAg and anti-HBs. Cord blood was also taken during labor to measure HBsAg.Results There were 22 infants born from HBsAg-positive mother who met the inclusion criteria. HBsAgwas positive in 6 of22 cord blood specimens. There were 15 infants who completed this study. One of 15 infants had positive HBsAg after completed hepatitis B immunization and 12 of 15 infants had protective level of anti-HBs. Effectiveness of hepatitis B immunization to prevent vertical transmission in this study was 70-90%.Conclusion Hepatitis B immunization can prevent vertical transmission of hepatitis B in infants born to mothers who are HBsAg-positive even without administration of HBIG.
Deviations with respect to Standard Model predictions have recently shown up in angular distributions of the FCNC induced mode $B^0 \to K^{*0} μ^+ μ^-$. Within New Physics models, such tensions might be explained by new contributions to the Wilson coefficients of the effective Hamiltonian governing this decay. I discuss the issue in the framework of the Randall-Sundrum model with custodial protection (RS$_c$), giving also predictions for other rare $B$ decays.