Hasil untuk "Women. Feminism"

Anum Nisar, Juan Yin, Jingjun Zhang et al.

BackgroundWomen with perinatal depression and their children are at increased risk of poor health outcomes. Integrating evidence based non-stigmatizing interventions within existing health systems is crucial to reducing psychosocial distress during pregnancy and preventing perinatal depression. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed cognitive-behavior therapy-based Thinking Healthy Programme (THP), delivered by antenatal nurses in China.MethodsA two-arm pilot randomized controlled pilot trial was conducted to assess the feasibility and of the adapted Chinese version of the Thinking Healthy Programme (THP) among various stakeholders. We recruited pregnant women between 25- and 34-weeks' gestation from two pregnancy schools within the two public sector Hospitals in Xian. Participants in the intervention group attended five face to face sessions of THP facilitated by antenatal nurses. This intervention used cognitive behavior therapy principles to offer psychoeducation, behavioral activation, problem-solving strategies, and social support. In the control group, participants received standard care, which included routine pregnancy education classes led by antenatal nurses. We assessed depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) at baseline, after the intervention and 4–6 weeks post-intervention, along with evaluations of anxiety, perceived social support, and health-related quality of life.ResultsAmong the 737 pregnant women screened, 267 (30.26%) scored ≥5 on the PHQ-9. Out of these, 85 were eligible and consented to participate, with 42 assigned to the intervention group and 43 to the control group. Eighty participants (94.1%) completed the final assessments. Our primary findings indicated that this nurse-delivered intervention was feasible to integrate into routine antenatal care and was well-received by both the women and the delivery agents. Although the study was not designed to detect differences between the intervention and control groups, we observed positive trends towards reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms favoring the intervention arm. No serious adverse events were reported. This trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with the registration number ChiCTR1900028114.ConclusionsWe conclude that this intervention, grounded in the well-established WHO Thinking Healthy Programme, is both feasible and acceptable to stakeholders. It merits a definitive randomized trial to assess its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness across various settings.Clinical Trial RegistrationChiCTR1900028114.

Fatemeh Mohammadkhah, Amirhossein Kamyab, Babak Pezeshki et al.

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is currently the most common complication of pregnancy, and the prevalence of undiagnosed hyperglycemia and overt diabetes in young women is increasing. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of training intervention based on the health belief model of self-care behaviors in women with gestational diabetes.MethodsThe present study was an interventional study, which was conducted on 160 women with gestational diabetes (80 in the interventional group and 80 in the control group), who were under treatment in healthcare centers in the city of Fasa in Fars Province, Iran, in 2022–2023. The method was simple random sampling. The collecting data tools were demographic characteristics questionnaire (age, education, occupation, monthly income of the family, gestational age (in the week), and rank of pregnancy, a knowledge assessment questionnaire, a questionnaire based on the health belief model (perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived advantages, and disadvantages, self-efficiency), and the self-care behaviors questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed before the intervention and 6 weeks after the intervention. The women in the intervention group received six sessions of 50–55 min. Fasting blood sugar level and blood sugar level 2 h after the meal, A1C hemoglobin, and the need for taking insulin and the required dosage were recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests (for normal distribution of data), independent t-test, paired t-test, chi-2 test, and descriptive statistics (P < 0.05).ResultsThe mean age of the participants in the intervention group and control group was 32.45 ± 4.82 and 33.16 ± 4.69, respectively. The results showed that the mean scores of all structures of the health belief model in the intervention group were significantly different from those obtained after the intervention in this group (p < 0.001). Also, the comparison of averages of blood sugar levels after the intervention in the two groups indicated that fasting blood sugar level, A1C hemoglobin, and blood sugar levels measured 2 h after the meal significantly decreased in the intervention group (p < 0.001). The need to increase the dosage of insulin in the intervention group was lower than in the control group.Conclusionsaccording to the results, the health belief model was effective in improving clinical results of self-care behaviors in women with gestational diabetes. HBM played an important role in understanding what care and support the women need. Therefore, the incidence of various diseases can be prevented and mothers with GDM can experience such vulnerability less than before. It can also be used as a model to design, implement, and monitor health programs for women with gestational diabetes.

Becky Inkster, Becky Inkster, Madhura Kadaba et al.

BackgroundMaternal mental health care is variable and with limited accessibility. Artificial intelligence (AI) conversational agents (CAs) could potentially play an important role in supporting maternal mental health and wellbeing. Our study examined data from real-world users who self-reported a maternal event while engaging with a digital mental health and wellbeing AI-enabled CA app (Wysa) for emotional support. The study evaluated app effectiveness by comparing changes in self-reported depressive symptoms between a higher engaged group of users and a lower engaged group of users and derived qualitative insights into the behaviors exhibited among higher engaged maternal event users based on their conversations with the AI CA.MethodsReal-world anonymised data from users who reported going through a maternal event during their conversation with the app was analyzed. For the first objective, users who completed two PHQ-9 self-reported assessments (n = 51) were grouped as either higher engaged users (n = 28) or lower engaged users (n = 23) based on their number of active session-days with the CA between two screenings. A non-parametric Mann–Whitney test (M–W) and non-parametric Common Language effect size was used to evaluate group differences in self-reported depressive symptoms. For the second objective, a Braun and Clarke thematic analysis was used to identify engagement behavior with the CA for the top quartile of higher engaged users (n = 10 of 51). Feedback on the app and demographic information was also explored.ResultsResults revealed a significant reduction in self-reported depressive symptoms among the higher engaged user group compared to lower engaged user group (M–W p = .004) with a high effect size (CL = 0.736). Furthermore, the top themes that emerged from the qualitative analysis revealed users expressed concerns, hopes, need for support, reframing their thoughts and expressing their victories and gratitude.ConclusionThese findings provide preliminary evidence of the effectiveness and engagement and comfort of using this AI-based emotionally intelligent mobile app to support mental health and wellbeing across a range of maternal events and experiences.

Kambiz Heidarzadeh Hanzaee

The present study is conducted to investigate the influence of in-store mannequin models (with or without head) on customers’ buying decisions and visualizing the clothes on body, having an eye to the role of customers’ knowledge about fashion as a moderating variable. Moreover, the investigation process is based on 2×2 factor analysis and a defined scenario. The research sample population consists of female university students, and the investigations are done with participation of 160 female students possessing knowledge about fashion. The research data are collected using a scenario-based questionnaire that includes texts and pictures. The process of data analysis, also, is based on Variance Analysis and Regression Analysis methods. The results showed that mannequin type and customers’ knowledge about fashion have a basic and interactive influence on buying decision and visualizing the clothes on body, and the influence is significant. Particularly, head-less mannequins and higher level of customers’ knowledge about fashion may intensify buying decision and encourage the customers to visualize the clothes on their bodies. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the more the customers visualize clothes on their bodies, the greater would be their intent to purchase, and the indirect influence of mannequins with head on customers’ decision to buy is reduced by visualizing the clothes on body.

Alma Vanessa Arvizu Reynaga

El texto analiza el uso y la distribución del tiempo de los estudiantes universitarios que son madres o padres. La investigación se realizó en dos instituciones de educación superior, la Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México (UIA) y la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa (UAM-C). Partiendo del método etnográfico se empleó la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada con la que se recopilaron los testimonios de 24 estudiantes de licenciatura (hombres y mujeres de ambas instituciones). Se encuentra que las y los estudiantes realizan hasta tres jornadas diarias: la familiar, la escolar y la laboral. Dichas jornadas están estrechamente ligadas a los patrones tradicionales de género y a la distribución sexual del trabajo.

Paul-Erik Korvela

This article scrutinizes the conceptual history of international anarchy. The argument purported here is that even though the idea of international anarchy is often seen as very central for the academic discipline of international relations, the concept is in fact not found from the forerunners or classics of the discipline. The assumption of international anarchy is commonly seen as a defining feature of a Realist school of international relations. Yet, the concept and especially its “Realist” implications are not to be found in the classics of Realism, from Thucydides, Machiavelli or Hobbes. The idea of “international anarchy” emerges quite tentatively during the First World War, in the writings of theoreticians like Dickinson and Spiller. But even then it does not carry the neo-Realist overtones of international anarchy as permanent condition of international relations. It is only in the 1980’s that the discipline starts to huddle around this concept.

Gema Pérez-Sánchez

Sadie Plant

Marián López Fdz. Cao

Este artículo tiene como objetivo poner de manifiesto las carencias que todavía muestra el sistema del arte español para alcanzar la igualdad en materia de género. Asimismo pretende mostrar cómo desde el movimiento asociacionista la sociedad española está respondiendo y exigiendo a las administraciones públicas e instituciones culturales el cumplimiento de la constitución y las leyes derivadas para garantizar la igualdad.

Alexandre Jaunait, Michal Raz, Eva Rodriguez

Afsaneh Majmabadi

A. Najmabadi

Amy DUNCKEL-GRAGLIA

Este artículo explora la relación entre la movilidad urbana de las mujeres y la violencia en su contra en el transporte público. En particular, explora los temas de género que influyen en el abuso sexual en tal transporte, con atención tanto en los roles tradicionales de la mujer como ama de casa y no como una figura pública, así como en el debate innato o adquirido en la explicación del comportamiento del hombre. Dado que los servicios de transporte exclusivo para mujeres fueron implementados para resolver problemas entre la mujer y el hombre, sirven como un punto de referencia para discutir estos temas de género. Este estudio examina, analiza y evalúa el transporte sólo para mujeres y los efectos que el mismo tiene sobre la movilidad de ellas en relación con estos debates de género. Concluye que el “transporte rosa” ayuda a las mujeres a romper la trampa entre lo público y lo privado en la que están atrapadas al llevar el tema de la discriminación de género a la atención del público.

Ernesto Suárez Toste

RESUMEN Este estudio aborda un recorrido por la obra poética de Nancy Willard centrándose en el carácter marcadamente visual de su imaginación, y estableciendo conexiones entre su obra y la de mujeres poetas norteamericanas que la precedieron, sobre todo Elizabeth Bishop. El frecuente recurso a la fantasía y la perspectiva infantil es común a ambas, y ello establece un nexo fácilmente explotable. Willard es capaz de recrear en su poesía un retorno a la infancia, a la inocencia que interpreta desde los ojos del niño una serie de situaciones ordinarias para el adulto, y logra a través de estas estrategias de desfamiliarización que el lector disfrute de nuevo con acontecimientos triviales que adquieren una nota de aventura y magia. Palabras clave: Poesía, [Willard, Nancy (1936-)], fantasía, visual, desfamiliarización. ABSTRACT This essay proposes a study of Nancy Willard’s poetic production focusing on the markedly visual quality of her imagination, and establishing connections between her work and that of earlier American women poets, especially Elizabeth Bishop. Their frequent resort to fantasy and child perspective constitutes a clear link in this tradition. Willard has the ability to recreate in her poems a return to childhood, to innocence, by interpreting the world through the eyes of a child, making the reader enjoy again ordinary events and scenes through her use of defamiliarization. Key words: Poetry, [Willard, Nancy (1936-)], fantasy, visual, defamiliarization

M. Shanley

Bridging the fields of political theory and history, this comprehensive study of Victorian reforms in marriage law reshapes our understanding of the feminist movement of that period. As Mary Shanley shows, Victorian feminists argued that justice for women would not follow from public rights alone, but required a fundamental transformation of the marriage relationship.

Karin Grammático

En este artículo presentamos un recorrido histórico de tres de los más destacados proyectos de comunicación que el feminismo contemporáneo latinoamericano llevó adelante en el último cuarto del siglo XX: la revista mexicana Fem, iniciativa pionera que se esforzó por combinar la producción teórica y creación feministas con las demandas políticas del movimiento de mujeres, y los emprendimientos comunicacionales que llevaron adelante Isis Internacional y Fempress.<br>In this paper we present a historical overview of the three most outstanding projects of communication that the contemporary Latin American feminism carried on in the last quarter of the last century: the Mexican magazine Fem, a pioneering initiative which attempted to combine the theoretical and creative productions with the political demands of women's movement, and the communication enterprises carried out by Fempress and Isis International.

Asunción Oliva Portolés

M. Butler

Jane Flax