Hasil untuk "Transportation and communication"

Tiannuo Liu, Menghan Wu, Hanjun Yu et al.

Federated learning (FL)-based vehicular edge computing networks (VECNs) are emerging as a key enabler of intelligent transportation systems, as their privacy-preserving and distributed architecture can safeguard vehicle data while reducing latency and energy consumption. However, conventional roadside units face processing bottlenecks in dense traffic and at the network edge, motivating the adoption of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted VECNs. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a UAV-assisted VECN framework with FL, aiming to improve model accuracy while minimizing latency and energy consumption during computation and transmission. Specifically, a reputation-based client selection mechanism is introduced to enhance the accuracy and reliability of federated aggregation. Furthermore, to address the channel dynamics induced by high vehicle mobility, we design a robust reinforcement learning-based resource allocation scheme. In particular, an asynchronous parallel deep deterministic policy gradient (APDDPG) algorithm is developed to adaptively allocate computation and communication resources in response to real-time channel states and task demands. To ensure consistency with real vehicular communication environments, field experiments were conducted and the obtained measurements were used as simulation parameters to analyze the proposed algorithm. Compared with state-of-the-art algorithms, the developed APDDPG algorithm achieves 20% faster convergence, 9% lower energy consumption, a FL accuracy of 95.8%, and the most robust standard deviation under varying channel conditions.

Banthita Kanchanasathita, Atchara Wangpa, Apisit Pitakcheun et al.

<i>Background:</i> Transportation delays pose significant challenges for perishable products by reducing freshness, shortening selling duration, and causing lost sales during the delay. <i>Methods:</i> Motivated by the growing importance of transportation delays on perishable products, this study develops a single-period analytical expected profit expression to determine the optimal order quantity that maximizes expected profit. The model incorporates deterioration-driven price reductions, lost sales opportunities occurring during the delay, and the shortened selling duration resulting from delayed delivery, without imposing a specific probability distribution on the transportation delay duration. <i>Results:</i> Numerical experiments illustrate how key parameters influence the optimal order quantity and the corresponding expected profit. Deterioration reduces expected profit by primarily reducing the selling price. In addition, a higher disruption probability reduces both the optimal order quantity and the expected profit, while longer selling durations result in larger order quantities and yield higher expected profits. A low initial selling price can result in negative expected profit, indicating cases where placing the order is inappropriate. <i>Conclusions:</i> The findings offer managerial implications for determining optimal order quantities that maximize profit under transportation delays for perishable products.

Georges Skandalis, Alain Valette

For a finite metric graph $X=(V,E,\ell)$, where $V$ is endowed with the shortest path metric, we consider the transportation cost problem associated with the distance $d$ on $V$. Namely, for $f$ a function with total sum 0 on $V$, write $f=\sum_{a,b\in V}P(a,b)(δ_a-δ_b)$ where the transportation plan $P$ satisfies $P(a,b)\geq 0$ for $(a,b)\in V\times V$. The cost of $P$ is $W(P):=\sum_{a,b\in V}P(a,b)d(a,b)$ and the transportation norm of $f$ is $\|f\|_{TC}=\min_P W(P)$ where $P$ runs over all transportation plans for $f$. In this semi-survey paper, we give short proofs for the following statements: 1)There always exists an optimal transportation plan supported in $V_+\times V_-$ where $V_+=\{x\in V: f(x)>0\}$ and $V_-=\{x\in V: f(x)<0\}$. If $X$ is a metric tree, we may moreover assume that this plan involves at most $|Supp(f)|-1$ transports. 2) There always exists an optimal transportation plan supported in the set of edges of $X$. 3) Better, there always exists an optimal transportation plan supported in some spanning tree of $X$. We use this to reprove known formulae for the transportation norm when $X$ is either a tree or a cycle.

Alireza Soltani, David M. Levinson, Mohsen Ramezani

Pablo Coto-Millán, David Paz Saavedra, Marta De la Fuente

<i>Background:</i> Logistics plays a key role in economic performance, yet its contribution to global growth and convergence remains underexplored. This study examines how different logistics dimensions have influenced GDP per worker across countries over the period 2007–2022. <i>Methods</i>: Using econometric panel data techniques and convergence models (β and σ), data from 86 countries are analysed by incorporating logistics performance indicators—such as infrastructure quality, customs efficiency, and shipment traceability—into an endogenous growth framework. <i>Results:</i> The analysis confirms the existence of both β- and σ-convergence, suggesting that lower-income countries are catching up with higher-income ones. Improvements in logistics competence and tracking systems positively affect economic growth, while inefficiencies in shipping services and delivery timeliness negatively impact convergence. <i>Conclusions:</i> These findings highlight the dual role logistics can play in fostering or hindering growth. Enhancing logistics infrastructure and services through targeted policies is essential to promote sustained economic development and reduce global income disparities.

Ian Coston, Eadan Plotnizky, Mehrdad Nojoumian

This comprehensive study provides an in-depth examination of the Internet of Things (IoT), which refers to the interconnection of multiple devices through various wireless protocols that facilitate data transfer and improve operational intelligence. IoT is widely used in numerous fields, including urban infrastructure, domestic settings, transportation systems, military operations, healthcare, and agriculture. However, with its growing prevalence comes a significant increase in security risks across multiple layers, such as hardware, software, cloud infrastructure, and networks. This study categorizes these vulnerabilities and explores how adversaries can exploit weaknesses to compromise IoT systems. In doing so, it highlights the risks associated with unauthorized access, data breaches, and system manipulation, all of which pose a direct threat to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. To address these concerns, this paper examines various mitigation strategies that aim to enhance IoT security by reducing attack surfaces, improving authentication methods, and securing communication protocols. By systematically analyzing existing vulnerabilities and countermeasures, this research contributes to the ongoing effort to fortify IoT devices and infrastructure against current and emerging threats. Through this study, we seek to advance the discussion on securing IoT environments while emphasizing the importance of proactive security measures in this rapidly evolving landscape.

Sílvia Patrícia Rodrigues, Leonardo de Carvalho Gomes, Fernanda Araújo Pimentel Peres et al.

<i>Background</i>: The global climate crisis has intensified the demand for sustainable solutions, positioning Reverse Logistics (RL) as a critical strategy for minimizing environmental impacts. Simultaneously, Industry 4.0 technologies are transforming RL operations by enhancing their collection, transportation, storage, sorting, remanufacturing, recycling, and disposal processes. Understanding the roles of these technologies is essential for improving efficiency and sustainability. <i>Methods</i>: This study employs a systematic literature review, following the PRISMA methodology, to identify key Industry 4.0 technologies applicable to RL. Publications from Scopus and Web of Science were analyzed, leading to the development of a theoretical framework linking these technologies to RL activities. <i>Results</i>: The findings highlight the fact that technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics, Cloud Computing, and Blockchain enhance RL by improving traceability, automation, and sustainability. Their application optimizes execution time, reduces operational costs, and mitigates environmental impacts. <i>Conclusions</i>: For the transportation and manufacturing sectors, integrating Industry 4.0 technologies into RL can streamline supply chains, enhance decision-making, and improve resource utilization. Smart tracking, predictive maintenance, and automated sorting systems reduce waste and improve operational resilience, reinforcing the transition toward a circular economy. By adopting these innovations, stakeholders can achieve economic and environmental benefits while ensuring regulatory compliance and long-term competitiveness.

A. N. Vylegzhanin, A. A. Batalov, V. A. Abaturova

INTRODUCTION. In the rather extensive modern scientific research on international air law less attention is paid to the analysis of the peculiarities of international legal regulation of international air services in the northern polar region. Considering the development of international transport communication and the search for ways to improve the efficiency and safety of flights in specific parts of our planet, the analysis of prerequisites for the identification of a special regional international legal regime of the Arctic airspace is needed in light of the increasing scale of interstate airflights in the Arctic countries and transboundary (including transpolar) air transportation in the region. Meanwhile, the content of the legal status of civil aviation in the Arctic correlates with the key principle of international air law – the organization of safe and efficient air traffic in this area. In the context of the special climate, geographical, political and historical circumstances of the development of the countries of the Arctic region, the authors of this paper analyze the existing international legal regime governing international air services over the terrestrial and maritime areas of the Arctic States, which form parts of their territory, as well as over the Arctic Ocean beyond this part. The paper also inicates the preconditions for the formation of a corresponding regional international egal regime.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The authors conduct a comprehensive analysis of applicable international treaties, including first and foremost the Convention on International Civil Aviation of 1944 and relevant bilateral air services agreements of the Russian Federation, using the research works of the Russian and foreign legal publicists. Due to the specificity of the subject of the article – international relations of the Arctic States on the regulation of international air services in the North Polar region – the authors applied methods of deduction and induction, as well as formal legal methods, especially while comparing the applicable treaty rules, and the documents of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and national legislation of the Arctic States on the issues of civil aviation in the Arctic airspace.RESEARCH RESULTS. The specific nature of the existing legal regime of international air traffic in the Arctic is described in the paper; a comparative legal analysis of the regulation of international air traffic in the Arctic region before and after the adoption of the 1944 Convention on International Civil Aviation with a review of its key rules applicable to air navigation in the Arctic; the relevant bilateral international agreements of the Russian Federation are considered with focus on interpretation of their provisions on the regulation of transpolar international air communications; other applicable legal acts are examined, including documents of the ICAO. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. Based on the results of the research, the authors have suggested that a regional multilateral international treaty might contribute to the increase of the quality of regulation of international air services in the Arctic. Such a format of cooperation of the arctic and non-arctic States would be effective provided that all the arctic States express their relevant common will and might take into account the work on the relevant international treaty, in particular, the negotiations between the arctic states on the Agreement on Cooperation on Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic, 2011. For the Russian Federation with its huge transit potential, including that relating to the provision of air traffic services on transpolar routes, the formation of such update international legal regime for the regulation of international air routes in the Arctic is of particular importance.

Agatha Clarice da Silva-Ovando, Daniela Granados-Rivera, Gonzalo Mejía et al.

<i>Background</i>: Access to healthy food in emerging-economy cities is challenged by last-mile constraints and poor infrastructure. Aligned with the UN SDGs on Zero Hunger and Sustainable Cities, this study examines how a strategically located nanostores network can help close these gaps while fostering local resilience. Focusing on Colombia’s Sabana Centro region, we designed a nanostore network that maximizes spatial coverage, proximity, and affordability. <i>Methods</i>: A competitive facility-location model combined with a discrete choice model captures consumer heterogeneity in price and location preferences. <i>Results</i>: Results show that locating nanostores in peripheral rather than central areas improves equity: the proposed network meets about 65,400 kg of weekly demand—51% fruit, 36% vegetables, 13% tubers—representing 16% of total regional demand and reaching underserved municipalities. This is notable given that existing nanostores already satisfy roughly 37% of household needs. <i>Conclusions</i>: By linking consumer behavior with sustainable spatial planning, the research offers both theoretical insight and practical tools for equitable distribution. Future work should evaluate supportive policies and supply chain innovations to secure nanostores’ long-term viability and community impact.

Longchao Da, Tiejin Chen, Zhuoheng Li et al.

The integration of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) into transportation planning has the potential to revolutionize tasks such as demand forecasting, infrastructure design, policy evaluation, and traffic simulation. However, there is a critical need for a systematic framework to guide the adoption of GenAI in this interdisciplinary domain. In this survey, we, a multidisciplinary team of researchers spanning computer science and transportation engineering, present the first comprehensive framework for leveraging GenAI in transportation planning. Specifically, we introduce a new taxonomy that categorizes existing applications and methodologies into two perspectives: transportation planning tasks and computational techniques. From the transportation planning perspective, we examine the role of GenAI in automating descriptive, predictive, generative, simulation, and explainable tasks to enhance mobility systems. From the computational perspective, we detail advancements in data preparation, domain-specific fine-tuning, and inference strategies, such as retrieval-augmented generation and zero-shot learning tailored to transportation applications. Additionally, we address critical challenges, including data scarcity, explainability, bias mitigation, and the development of domain-specific evaluation frameworks that align with transportation goals like sustainability, equity, and system efficiency. This survey aims to bridge the gap between traditional transportation planning methodologies and modern AI techniques, fostering collaboration and innovation. By addressing these challenges and opportunities, we seek to inspire future research that ensures ethical, equitable, and impactful use of generative AI in transportation planning.

Quan Quan, Jiwen Xu, Runxiao Liu et al.

In comparison with existing approaches, which struggle with scalability, communication dependency, and robustness against dynamic failures, cooperative aerial transportation via robot swarms holds transformative potential for logistics and disaster response. Here, we present a physics-inspired cooperative transportation approach for flying robot swarms that imitates the dissipative mechanics of table-leg load distribution. By developing a decentralized dissipative force model, our approach enables autonomous formation stabilization and adaptive load allocation without the requirement of explicit communication. Based on local neighbor robots and the suspended payload, each robot dynamically adjusts its position. This is similar to energy-dissipating table leg reactions. The stability of the resultant control system is rigorously proved. Simulations demonstrate that the tracking errors of the proposed approach are 20%, 68%, 55.5%, and 21.9% of existing approaches under the cases of capability variation, cable uncertainty, limited vision, and payload variation, respectively. In real-world experiments with six flying robots, the cooperative aerial transportation system achieved a 94% success rate under single-robot failure, disconnection events, 25% payload variation, and 40% cable length uncertainty, demonstrating strong robustness under outdoor winds up to Beaufort scale 4. Overall, this physics-inspired approach bridges swarm intelligence and mechanical stability principles, offering a scalable framework for heterogeneous aerial systems to collectively handle complex transportation tasks in communication-constrained environments.

Raúl Antonio Díaz Pacheco, Ernest Benedito

<i>Background</i>: Various supply chain response frameworks (SCRFs) have been proposed in the supply chain (SC) literature, but there is no in-depth analysis. This study analyzes the applicability of SCRFs in scenarios that require SC responses by examining the frameworks’ design and use in response situations. <i>Methods</i>: A qualitative analysis of 38 studies revealed weaknesses in SCRFs, which include the entity proposing the framework, the stimulus being responded to, the adaptation of activities to the stimulus that is responded to, objectives, and response evaluation criteria. <i>Results</i>: The analysis reveals that while these frameworks have been designed for specific situations involving single SC processes, they demonstrate weaknesses by failing to meet two requirements: (1) the stimulus being responded to is different from changes in demand, and (2) the response is generated by a process distinct from manufacturing. <i>Conclusions</i>: Further, SCRF research that incorporates these weaknesses will promote the fragmented development of the SCR concept. Conversely, a robust SCRF can be successfully utilized in various SCRs, facilitating the comparison and evaluation of responses of different SCs to the same stimulus.

Meiyu, Pan, Christa Brelsford et al.

The increased use of personal vehicles presents environmental challenges, prompting the exploration of public transportation as an affordable, eco-friendly alternative. However, obstacles like fixed schedules, limited routes, and extended travel times impede widespread adoption. This study investigates the temporal evolution of spatial inequality in the travel time gap between public transportation and personal vehicles, reflecting disparities across states and time periods. Analyzing Census Transportation Planning Program data for six northeastern states in 2010 and 2016 reveals no significant increase in the travel time gap, but notable growth in inequality in a few urban and disadvantaged communities. Comprehending these trends is vital for fostering equitable advancements in transportation infrastructure and enhancing public transportation competitiveness.

Zhiqing Wei, Jinzhu Jia, Yangyang Niu et al.

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is expected to play a crucial role in the sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication systems, offering potential applications in the scenarios of intelligent transportation, smart factories, etc. The performance of radar sensing in ISAC systems is closely related to the characteristics of radar sensing and communication channels. Therefore, ISAC channel modeling serves as a fundamental cornerstone for evaluating and optimizing ISAC systems. This article provides a comprehensive survey on the ISAC channel modeling methods. Furthermore, the methods of target radar cross section (RCS) modeling and clutter RCS modeling are summarized. Finally, we discuss the future research trends related to ISAC channel modeling in various scenarios.

Shengxiao (Alex) Li

Svetlana Saksonova, Evgenia Prokopjeva, Oksana Adlere

Francimar Ilha da Silva Petroli, José Carlos Radin

This paper discusses the state initiatives responsible for the construction of the road "Estrada das Missões", whose route corresponded to "Campos de Palmas", in the process of territorial delimitation of the Brazilian Empire, between the years 1845 (moment in which interests and actions emerged on the part of the elites of São Paulo and the central government itself, for the opening of a new transportation and communication route between the provinces of São Paulo and São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul) and 1865 (moment of intense political dispute between the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina for the fiscal control of the "tropeirismo" activity, in the, so called, "contested lands"). We, therefore, support the idea that the road “Estrada das Missões” was an extremely important construction - not only, as highlighted by much of the historiography, a simple "alternative route" for the conduction of cattle to the mule fair in Sorocaba - in the formation of southern borders, as well as in the expansion of colonization itself in a space that was described - by nineteenth-century narratives - as "unknown wilderness". It is possible to state, therefore, that this road was strategic to concretize the pretensions of the state in terms of territorial and economic integration, since it was decisive for the affirmation of tropeirismo as one of the main economic activities developed in southern Brazil during the eighteenth century. For the writing of this article, written and cartographic documents produced in the local, regional and national spheres of power were examined. This documentation, in short, made it possible to investigate and understand the complex context - political, economic and territorial - of the existence of the Estrada das Missões.

Onnalin Singkhorn, Pawadee Hamtanon, Katemanee Moonpanane et al.

Abstract Background Even though, there is a particularly high prevalence of depression among individuals from the hill tribes in northern Thailand, they are unable to receive appropriate intervention due to cultural, transportation, communication, and legal barriers. Using community-based participatory research (CBPR), a depression care model was developed for the hill tribe population. The effectiveness of this model was examined using questionnaires, observations, focus groups, and in-depth interviews. Methods Participants include people with depression (n = 17) who were chosen based on their mild to moderately severe depression scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9 scores of 5–19) and their caregivers (n = 5). The in-depth interview was conducted to distinguish the selected participants into two groups. The first group, the self-help group program, consisted of 12 participants endorsing negative thoughts about themselves and inappropriate problems solving. The second group, the family camp program, had ten participants, including five patients with family-related issues and their family members. Subjects separately participated in either the self-help or the family groups over three weeks. They completed the PHQ-9 at the beginning and end of the intervention. Questionnaires, observations, focus groups, and in-depth interviews were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Content analysis was used to examine the qualitative data. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the changes in the severity of depression before and after participation in the intervention. Results The depression scores on the PHQ-9 of 12 participants improved significantly (11.92 ± 1.08 vs. 3.08 ± 0.51; p = 0.002) following participation in the self-help group. Increased self-esteem and improved interpersonal relationships were reported by participants in the self-help group program during interviews. There was no significant difference in the depression scores of 10 participating in the family camp program (6.00 ± 3.83 to 5.30 ± 3.56; p = 0.161). Conclusion A model for depression care was tested in a hill tribe community, and its effectiveness was clearly observed. The developed model can be applied to other hill tribe communities in northern Thailand to improve depression care.

Farwah Batool, Huma Mehrin, Sundus Fatima et al.

Background Millions of people around the world, including in Karachi, Pakistan, suffer from osteoporosis, which is a common condition. Numerous obstacles prevent patients with osteoporosis from receiving medical care, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The improvement of access to care and removing barriers may be accomplished through telehealth. However, more research is required to understand how Karachi’s progress feels about the acceptability of telehealth for treating osteoporosis. Methods This mixed-methods study aimed to understand more about the current barriers osteoporosis patients in Karachi face in accessing healthcare services and the acceptability of using telehealth to provide that care. The study enrolled 60 individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of osteoporosis and surveyed and interviewed the participants to assess their current management experiences, attitudes towards telehealth, technology access and literacy, and attendance barriers. Results According to the findings, patients with osteoporosis face numerous obstacles to receiving care, such as apprehension about coming into contact with COVID-19, transportation problems, financial limitations, a lack of support, and scheduling conflicts. Despite these obstacles, most patients said they were happy with how their osteoporosis was managed. However, the majority of patients had a positive attitude towards telerehabilitation. Patients expressed a desire for improved communication with their therapists and had varying degrees of comfort using technology for rehabilitation. Conclusion It was ascertained that telerehab could significantly enhance osteoporosis treatment. By removing barriers to care, enhancing communication, and increasing access to technology, the delivery of healthcare services to osteoporosis patients in Karachi could be improved.   DOI: https://doi.org/10.59564/amrj/01.02/011

Dajiang Suo, Heyi Li, Rahul Bhattacharyya et al.

The EPC GEN 2 communication protocol for Ultra-high frequency Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has offered a promising avenue for advancing the intelligence of transportation infrastructure. With the capability of linking vehicles to RFID readers to crowdsource information from RFID tags on road infrastructures, the RF-enhanced road infrastructure (REI) can potentially transform data acquisition for urban transportation. Despite its potential, the broader adoption of RFID technologies in building intelligent roads has been limited by a deficiency in understanding how the GEN 2 protocol impacts system performance under different transportation settings. This paper fills this knowledge gap by presenting the system architecture and detailing the design challenges associated with REI. Comprehensive real-world experiments are conducted to assess REI's effectiveness across various urban contexts. The results yield crucial insights into the optimal design of on-vehicle RFID readers and on-road RFID tags, considering the constraints imposed by vehicle dynamics, road geometries, and tag placements. With the optimized designs of encoding schemes for reader-tag communication and on-vehicle antennas, REI is able to fulfill the requirements of traffic sign inventory management and environmental monitoring while falling short of catering to the demand for high-speed navigation. In particular, the Miller 2 encoding scheme strikes the best balance between reading performance (e.g., throughput) and noise tolerance for the multipath effect. Additionally, we show that the on-vehicle antenna should be oriented to maximize the available time for reading on-road tags, although it may reduce the received power by the tags in the forward link.