Aim: The paper analyses the period of dynamically rising inflation in Poland in 1989. The author focused on the assessment of the changing socio-economic situation in the turbulent political environment after the conclusion of the Round Table negotiations in April 1989 and, in particular, on the regulatory and institutional causes of hyperinflation in October 1989.
Methodology: Historical, institutional and evolutionary methods were applied.
Results: It is argued that hyperinflation was intentionally created by both the communist government of Rakowski and the next (contract) government of Mazowiecki in 1989. Hyperinflation constituted the first phase of shock therapy, leading to the irreversible and painful socio-economic transformation according to the guidelines of neoliberal orthodoxy.
Implications and recommendations: Both the communist leaders and the Solidarity leadership were heavily influenced by free market ideology already in 1989. Hence, it was rather difficult to implement adequate corrections of the neoliberal principles in Poland. Similar studies of other post-communist countries are recommended.
Originality/value: The research focused on the origins of hyperinflation in 1989, while most studies dealt with the shock therapy implemented in January 1990.
Yasmine Bedoui, Zein Kallas, Adrià Menéndez i Molist
et al.
Pricing is an essential element that significantly impacts the supply chain mechanisms. The primary objective of this study is to explore the transmission of producer-to-consumer prices in the Spanish fresh tomato industry. Employing the Threshold Vector Autoregressive model, and subsequently utilizing the Generalized Impulse Response Function, we investigated the nonlinear price adjustments that occur in response to positive and negative shocks affecting both tomato prices of consumers and producers. The findings show a clear pattern of distinct reactions between segments in response to shocks. Specifically, the speed and intensity of consumer price responses to producer price shocks appear to surpass those observed when producer prices respond to consumer price shocks. Furthermore, it is evident from the current research that the behavior of producers has evolved from earlier studies that utilized outdated information, suggesting a more competitive approach. The research identifies a new trend in producer behavior within the supply chain. By analyzing tomato price fluctuations, it advances current knowledge and provides essential market insights to support informed decision-making.
The open society is under threat from populism and fake news. But what do we mean by the ‘open society’? The notion was made popular by Bergson and Popper. Under the impact of totalitarianism, Popper distinguished open from closed societies. They differ by their degree of institutionalized critical scrutiny of political and societal practices. Modern sociological theory uses the notions of differentiation (or complexity) and reflexivity to distinguish these types of society (Habermas, Giddens). Reflexivity goes beyond critical scrutiny; it describes the constant examination and revision of social practices in the light of incoming information. An evaluation of these criteria shows that a necessary and sufficient condition for the distinction between open and closed societies is the degree of institutionalized critical scrutiny (contestability) and, even more, reflexivity. Openness is not a function of the complexity of societal development. It is a function of appropriate political structures. Therein lies its deeper connection with democracy: drawing upon several historical and contemporary examples thisarticle suggests that open societies can be characterized by critical scrutiny and even more reflexivity. In the final section, this article analyses the malaise of modern democracies with respect to the risks posed by populism and disinformation through social media. But rather than focusing on immigration or the economy, it considers the risks in terms of the erosion of institutional trust. Institutional trust is one of the civic virtues which the Enlightenment regarded as an essential feature of a democratic society. I conclude that populism and the deliberate spread of false information undermine civic virtues; a return to civic virtues is an important feature of the survival of democracy as an open society.
L’histoire du football est autant écrite dans les grands stades des métropoles que dans ceux plus petits des villes moyennes ou des villages. Le bassin minier du nord de la France en offre un exemple tout à fait éclairant avec le stade de l’Étoile Sportive de Bully-les-Mines. Cette enceinte témoigne du dynamisme du football du Nord de la France dès la veille de la Grande Guerre et des aménagements et des œuvres sociales des Compagnies des Mines. Lieu autant de contrôle social que de réalisation de soi-même, le stade dont la tribune est achevée en 1927 est omnisport tout en devenant le terrain de l’ES Bully qui brille en Coupe de France. Aux heures de l’occupation allemande, le stade devient l’un des lieux de distraction en des temps difficiles. Il est aujourd’hui le théâtre du football amateur du dimanche.
Chairul Abd. Halik, Irfan Zamzam, Hartaty Hadady
et al.
While existing research has explored the effectiveness of the recess budget of Regional People's Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah—DPRD) members in absorbing community aspirations in regions in Indonesia, there is a specific need to examine the alignment of budget expenditures with actual outcomes. This study assesses how effectively the DPRD members of North Maluku use the recess budget to capture community aspirations and prioritize them within DPRD’s strategic plans. Utilizing a qualitative, phenomenological approach, the research involved DPRD members, the Local Government Budget Team, and experts or academics. Data were gathered through interviews and documentation, analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The findings indicate that the recess budget has been used effectively, meeting all eight effectiveness criteria. The process of prioritizing community aspirations in the development of DPRD’s strategic agenda is done subjectively by DPRD members, focusing on urgent needs in alignment with the priorities of the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah—RPJMD), and influenced by the initial locations visited during recess, discussions with the community, and direct engagement with relevant community issues.
We present the opportunities and limitations of administrative benefits data held by local authorities for data linkage projects. Whilst the richness of this data has been exploited by practitioners for administration, its potential remains little explored by researchers. We discuss data quality, sample selection and legal gateways for data sharing.
Drawing on our experience working with over 40 local authorities, we present the structure of three datasets: the Council Tax Reduction Scheme, the Single Housing Benefits Extract and the Universal Credit Data Share. We show what variables are usually included, under which legal gateways this data can be shared and how the cohorts represented within the data compare with the low-income population. We discuss how these datasets can be linked at the household level with a number of other data held by local authorities such as social rent and Council Tax arrears, Housing Benefit overpayments and Discretionary Housing Payments (DHPs).
Administrative benefits data provides a comprehensive snapshot of a household’s financial situation. Local authorities can proactively use and share this data with external data processors to fulfil their statutory duties if a legal gateway allows. By identifying households at risk of cash shortfalls before they reach a crisis point, councils can target support when administering local welfare schemes and preventing homelessness. By assessing eligibility for benefits, they can run data-driven uptake campaigns. This data captures a proportion of the population on national and local benefits within a local authority at several points in time. Attrition is of concern since households may leave datasets over time. Some will see their income rise and no longer qualify for benefits. Others will move out of the constituency.
Local authorities routinely process longitudinal data on households receiving means-tested benefits by administering housing benefits, council tax support, and discretionary support funds. This data provides a unique real-time insight into the socioeconomic situation of low-income households. Yet, we show that its promising potential for policy research remains largely untapped.
Purpose – The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UN SDG) number 13 calls for urgent action to combat climate change impacts. Urban resilience planning documents often articulate partnerships and collaborations (P&Cs) as critical strategies. This study aims to identify the actors, the topics, processes, and visions of collaboration. Design/methodology/approach – This paper explores the characterization of urban resilience partnerships via a thematic content analysis of resilience strategy documents produced in US cities through the 100 Resilient Cities Project. Findings – P&Cs are defined broadly, taking several forms to meet various objectives. They act as boundary objects engaging across social groups, but the details of the P&Cs are rarely articulated, which is problematic for their implementation. P&Cs are commonly discussed in relation to the focus of the work; therefore, they less often define the specific actors, processes or transformative visions involved. Research limitations/implications – This research focuses only on the resilience plans written in US cities, showing the perspective of US policymakers. Documents analyzed were produced via the Rockefeller Foundation's 100 Resilient Cities Project. Practical implications – Understanding and categorizing the who, what, when and why of P&Cs for urban resilience provide a deeper understanding of how these strategies are being described and offer a starting point for tangibly actualizing partnerships and collaborations outside planning documents. Social implications – To reach vital urban resilience goals, P&Cs must be designed and managed appropriately. Understanding the shortcoming of current P&C policies can help managers mitigate problems and find better approaches. Originality/value – To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first to analyze how P&Cs are being articulated and described in urban resilience plans. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 13 calls for urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. As urbanization continues and the effects of climate change escalate, city governments are finding themselves responsible for the resilience of large populations. To cope, increasing numbers of municipalities are developing urban resilience plans. These documents often articulate partnerships and collaborations (P&Cs) as critical strategies for enhancing resilience capacity and implementing resilience policies. Although specific case studies of resilience-related collaborative practices are well documented in urban resilience literature, little is known about the proliferation of P&C strategies collectively. Furthermore, questions remain regarding the characterization of resilience P&Cs by practitioners, including who is involved and what types of projects they undertake. Therefore, this analysis explores urban resilience P&Cs via a thematic content analysis of resilience strategy documents produced in 16 US cities through the 100 Resilient Cities Project. Results indicate that cities prioritize P&Cs in resilience policy implementation, but they often fall short in defining the key components of P&Cs that are vital to their success. The analysis exposes the most common actors, topics, processes and visions described in resilience P&Cs and makes recommendations for how urban resilience P&Cs can be improved in the future.
Nagari Air Hitam, Silaut District, Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province is one of the villages that still has not made use of the domestic waste it produces. One of the efforts to utilize domestic waste, especially organic waste, is to recycle this waste into compost products that are marketable. The purpose of this counseling activity is to provide information about the potential for recycling organic waste into compost products in Nagari Air Hitam, Silaut District, Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province. The potential for organic waste that can be processed into compost products was studied through data on waste piles from the 2017 Pesisir Selatan District Waste Periodic Reports and the Population of Nagari Air Hitam. The steps taken are by calculating the waste piles from Nagari Air Hitam, then analyzing the potential for recycling of organic waste that can be composted based on the percentage from the literature. The organic waste produced by Nagari Air Hitam with a population of 1,415 people and a unit of 3.0 L / person / day of waste is 4,245 L / day. Meanwhile, the potential for organic waste to be recycled into compost is 2,037.6 L / day. The results of the analysis of the potential for compost will be conveyed through extension activities and waste utilization. The huge potential for organic waste to be recycled into compost will encourage the community to be able to recycle organic waste into compost.
Arka P. Reksowardojo, Gennaro Senatore, Ian F. C. Smith
Adaptive structures have the ability to modify their shape and internal forces through sensing and actuation in order to maintain optimal performance under changing actions. Previous studies have shown that substantial whole-life energy savings with respect to traditional passive designs can be achieved through well-conceived adaptive design strategies. The whole-life energy comprises an embodied part in the material and an operational part for structural adaptation. Structural adaptation through controlled large shape changes allows a significant stress redistribution so that the design is not governed by extreme loads with long return periods. This way, material utilization is maximized and embodied energy is reduced. A design process based on shape optimization has been formulated to obtain shapes that are optimal for each load case. A geometrically non-linear force method is employed to control the structure into required shapes. This paper presents the experimental testing of a small-scale prototype adaptive structure produced by this design process. The structure is a simply supported planar truss. Shape adaptation is achieved through controlled length changes of turnbuckles that strategically replace some of the structural elements. The stress is monitored by strain sensors fitted on some of the truss elements. The nodal coordinates are monitored by an optical tracking system. Numerical predictions and measurements have a minimum Pearson correlation of 0.86 which indicates good accordance. Although scaling effects have to be further investigated, experimental testing on a small-scale prototype has been useful to assess the feasibility of the design and control methods outlined in this work. Results show that stress homogenization through controlled large shape changes is feasible.
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), City planning
War, famine, political conflicts and environmental factors (e.g., climate change) have increased the flow of immigrants into several European countries. Immigrants’ integration represents one of the most important challenges to our globalized society. Previous research has pointed out that social-dominant people show negative reactions towards immigrants. The present research is aimed at expanding and consolidating previous knowledge about immigrants’ research by proposing that: (i) citizens’ happiness is related to a favorable attitude towards immigrants; and (ii) social dominance orientation is related to attitude towards immigrants through happiness. In this study, a large sample recruited across different European countries (European Social Survey 2014 data, N = 40,185) has been considered. Measures of social dominance orientation, happiness and attitude towards immigrants have been assessed. Results showed that people’s happiness is related to favorable attitudes towards immigrants. Moreover, these results also showed the mediating role of happiness in the relationship between social dominance and attitude towards immigrants. Implications for future studies and policy strategies to support immigrants’ integration are discussed.
Es necesario interrogarse normativamente si la cooperación China-ALC (CCH-ALC) contribuye a un mejor balance de sustentabilidad social de los cooperantes; dados contextos de desarrollo abierto y capitalismo global. La pregunta a responder asociativamente es: ¿Para qué cooperar con China? Para ello, es pertinente evaluar sobre principios éticos pertinentes el impacto social de las políticas de cooperación, morigerar el pragmatismo funcional inercial, y, promover una ciudadanía internacionalizada; que ostente la soberanía democrática en cada sociedad cooperante. Se sugiere diseñar políticas de CCH-ALC, acotadas históricamente a la compatibilidad de proyectos de sociedad; con la finalidad de no perder, o peor aún ceder, el control soberano del futuro posible y querible. Concluimos que la CCH-ALC siempre será desigual, inconclusa y riesgosa pero que, al menos por ahora, parece imponerse como una inevitabilidad histórica.
This short article reports on an interview with Graham McPheat, Senior Teaching Fellow, University of Strathclyde. Drawing on his experience as a children's homes manager and educator, Graham offers a starting point for debates about the nature of leadership and management in children's homes, and ways of bringing about best practice. Graham considers aspects of the 'leadership toolkit' by thinking mainly about the distinctions between leadership and management, ways of establishing leadership approaches in children's homes and the concepts of 'learning organisation' and 'managing risk'.
Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Considerable scholarly attention has been paid to the growing incidence of workplace violence and homicide in India. In seeking to understand the cause of this workplace mayhem, most commentators regard employer repression as playing an important role. This article revisits four recent episodes of workplace homicide and analyses the anecdotal information available in the public domain on these cases, using a multi-level analytical framework. It argues that these incidents can best be understood within a perspective that takes into account not only factors in the specific workplace environment in the context of neoliberal low road employment policies but also the broader social-economic environment of a developing country where rapid industrialisation and migration are taking place in newly urbanised sites characterised by sharp social and economic polarisation.
El impacto territorial de la globalización se ha traducido en la construcción de grandes proyectos urbanos que han servido como puntos de contacto al interior de las ciudades ligadas a los circuitos de capital. Mediante una aproximación gramsciana, analizamos el fenómeno de los megaproyectos en América Latina tomando como caso de estudio Santa Fe, en el poniente de Ciudad de México, como un parque corporativo inscrito dentro de los flujos hegemónicos globales. Desarrollamos para el análisis el concepto de dispositivo de la globalización, como el espacio urbano articulador del capital global. Dichos dispositivos funcionan a una velocidad distinta al resto de la ciudad circundante y se revelan como un instrumento del poder económico vertical en medio de una horizontalidad distante, empobrecida y ajena a los lujos globales.<br>The territorial impact of globalization materializes with the construction of large urban projects, which serve as contact points within cities related to the circuits of capital. By means of a gramscian approach we use Santa Fe - a megaproject in the western part of Mexico City - as a case study of a corporative development project inscribed in global hegemonic flows. Building upon the concept of global devices to designate such projects, they become the urban space link to global capital. However, such devices operate at a different speed than the rest of the city, as instrument of a vertical economic power in the midst of a distant, impoverished and unrelated to globalflows horizontality.
Architecture, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Ali Muhson, Daru Wahyuni, Supriyanto Supriyanto
et al.
Abstract: A Relevance Analysis of University Graduates with World of Work. Education should be oriented to the competencies required by the workforce as a percentage of unemployment among the educated increase continuously. This study aims to examine the relevance of YSU Economic Education graduates. The study only focuses on the type of work and subjects taught. The subject of this study is the alumni of Economic Education Study Program. Sampling technique used is snowball sampling. Data collection technique using questionnaires and documentation while the technique of data analysis using descriptive analysis. The result suggests that the majority of the graduates find their first job as private a teacher, a private employee and a tutor, while current job of the most graduates are private teacher, private employee, and civil servant (teacher). The data shows that more than 50 percent of the graduates work in the education area. This implies that the relevance level based on the type of work is categorized as sufficient. Majority of the graduates teaches social science, economic, and entrepreneurship, hence it can be concluded that the relevance level based on the subjects taught is highly relevant.
Keyword: relevance of graduates, type of work, unemployment, employment
Abstrak: Analisis Relevansi Lulusan Perguruan Tinggi dengan Dunia Kerja. Pendidikan harus berorientasi pada kompetensi yang dibutuhkan oleh dunia kerja karena persentase penganggur di kalangan terdidik terus meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tingkat relevansi (kesesuaian) lulusan Pendidikan Ekonomi UNY. Kajian hanya diarahkan pada jenis pekerjaan dan mata pelajaran yang diampu. Penelitian ini mengambil subjek alumni Prodi Pendidikan Ekonomi dari berbagai angkatan. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah snowball sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa jenis pekerjaan pertama lulusan yang paling dominan adalah guru swasta, pegawai swasta dan tenaga pengajar/tentor, sedangkan jenis pekerjaan sekarang lulusan didominasi sebagai guru swasta, pegawai swasta dan guru negeri. Tingkat relevansi dilihat dari jenis pekerjaan termasuk kategori cukup karena separo lebih lulusan bekerja di bidang pendidikan, sementara itu jika dilihat dari mata pelajaran yang diampu juga sangat relevan karena sebagian besar alumni mengajar IPS, Ekonomi dan Kewirausahaan.
Kata Kunci: relevansi lulusan, jenis pekerjaan, pengangguran
El trabajo busca ejemplificar, a través de seis estudios de caso, cómo viven la vejez los adultos mayores indígenas zoques cuando, producto de la edad avanzada, la enfermedad se convierte en insidiosa, multifactorial, su salud se diezma y está más en riesgo; se sustenta en la experiencia de personas en edad extrema, es decir, que han superado la barrera etaria de 84 años, dando cuenta de las redes sociales y soportes tanto afectivos como solidarios y de política pública que presentan.
ABSTRACT
This article seeks to exemplify, through six case studies, the ways in which elderly Zoque indigenous people experience old age when, as a result of advanced age, their illnesses become insidious and multi-factorial in nature, their health deteriorates and they are at higher risk. This article is based on the experiences of persons in extreme old age, or those who are at least 84 years old, and describes the social networks, emotional support and solidarity expressed, and public policy assistance.
Se analiza la tarea epistemológica y social tendiente a la clasificación de las ciencias, destacando su génesis, sus características más relevantes, los aportes de algunos filósofos y el impacto en la sociedad contemporánea. Y en especial, se abordan las conexiones entre filosofía y las ciencias particulares, así como los criterios para la ejecución de tales ordenaciones epistémicos.<br>The epistemologic and social task to the classification of sciences is analyzed tending, emphasizing its more excellent genesis, its characteristics, the contributions of some philosophers and the impact in the contemporary society. And especially, the particular connections between philosophy and sciences, as well as the criteria for the execution of such epistemic arrangements are approached.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)