Hasil untuk "Semantics"

Wenbo Tan, Yan Wang, Xinwang Wang

The output of MEMS gyroscopes is highly vulnerable to ambient temperature variations, which induce temperature drift errors and degrade navigation precision. Consequently, temperature compensation for MEMS gyroscope outputs is of critical importance. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel temperature compensation model for the dual-mass vibration MEMS gyroscope (DMVMG), which integrates the TTAO-VMD, 1D-CNN-Bi-GRU-Attention, and SHAKF algorithms. The implementation process of the proposed model is as follows: firstly, the structural configuration and fundamental operating principle of the DMVMG are elaborated. Secondly, the temperature error compensation model is constructed based on the fusion of the TTAO-VMD, 1D-CNN-Bi-GRU-Attention, and SHAKF algorithms. Thirdly, the raw output signal of the DMVMG is preprocessed using the TTAO-VMD algorithm, which decomposes the signal into four distinct components, namely high-frequency noise, white noise, mixed noise, and temperature-induced noise. Subsequently, the high-frequency and white noise components are eliminated, while the mixed noise component is filtered via the SHAKF algorithm. On this basis, the 1D-CNN-Bi-GRU-Attention algorithm is adopted to establish the temperature error compensation model, with the temperature, temperature change rate, time, and temperature-induced noise as input variables. Finally, the optimized signal components are reconstructed to yield the temperature-compensated output of the DMVMG. The experimental results based on the Allan variance method demonstrate that the angle random walk (N) is reduced from 18.56 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>°</mo><mo>/</mo><msqrt><mi>h</mi></msqrt></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> to 0.17 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>°</mo><mo>/</mo><msqrt><mi>h</mi></msqrt></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and the bias instability (B) is decreased from 32.76 °/h to 0.82 °/h, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Emanuela Musumeci, Adrián Irles, Redamy Pérez-Ramos et al.

Future <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> colliders are expected to play a fundamental role in measuring Standard Model (SM) parameters with unprecedented precision and in probing physics beyond the SM (BSM). This study investigates two-particle angular correlation distributions involving final-state SM charged hadrons. Unexpected correlation structures in these distributions is considered to be a hint for new physics perturbing the QCD partonic cascade and thereby modifying azimuthal and (pseudo)rapidity correlations. Using <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pythia8</span> Monte Carlo generator and fast simulation, including selection cuts and detector effects, we study potential structures in the two-particle angular correlation function. We adopt the QCD-like Hidden Valley (HV) scenario as implemented in <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pythia8</span> generator, with relatively light HV <i>v</i>-quarks (below about 100 GeV), to illustrate the potential of this method.

Xinyi Huang, Xianbin Zhang, Richard Millham et al.

Hypertension and blood pressure variability (BPV) are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Single-channel photoplethysmography (PPG) has emerged as a promising daily blood pressure (BP) monitoring tool. However, estimating BP trends presents challenges due to complex temporal dependencies and continuous fluctuations. Traditional methods often address BP prediction as isolated tasks and focus solely on temporal dependencies within a limited time window, which may fall short of capturing the intricate BP fluctuation patterns implied in varying time spans, particularly amidst constant BP variations. To address this, we propose a novel deep learning model featuring a two-stage architecture and a new input structure called contextual cycles. This model estimates beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure (SBP) trends as a sequence prediction task, transforming the output from a single SBP value into a sequence. In the first stage, parallel ResU Blocks are utilized to extract fine-grained features from each cycle. The generated feature vectors are then processed by Transformer layers with relative position encoding (RPE) to capture inter-cycle interactions and temporal dependencies in the second stage. Our proposed model demonstrates robust performance in beat-to-beat SBP trend estimation, achieving a mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.186 mmHg, a Pearson correlation coefficient applied to sequences (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi><mi>seq</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) of 0.743, and a variability error (VE) of 1.199 mmHg. It excels in steady and abrupt substantial fluctuation states, outperforming baseline models. The results reveal that our method meets the requirements of the AAMI standard and achieves grade A according to the BHS standard. Overall, our proposed method shows significant potential for reliable daily health monitoring.

Osvaldo Rodríguez-Quiroz, Donato Luna-Moreno, Araceli Sánchez-Álvarez et al.

Microplastics (MP) have been found not only in the environment but also in living beings, including humans. As an initial step in MP detection, a method is proposed to measure the effective refractive index of a solution containing 5 µm diameter spherical polystyrene particles (SPSP) in distilled water, based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique and Mie scattering theory. The reflectances of the samples are obtained with their resonance angles and depths that must be normalized and adjusted according to the reference of the air and the distilled water, to subsequently find their effective refraction index corresponding to the Mie scattering theory. The system has an optical sensor with a Kretschmann–Raether configuration, consisting of a semicircular prism, a thin gold film, and a glass cell for solution samples with different concentrations (0.00, 0.20, 0.05, 0.50, and 1.00%). The experimental result provided a good linear fit with an R² = 0.9856 and a sensitivity of 7.2863 × <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> RIU/% (refractive index unit per percentage of fill fraction). The limits of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 0.001% and 0.0035%, respectively. The developed optomechatronic system and its applications based on the SPR and Scattering enabled the effective measurement of the refractive index and concentration of solutions containing 5 µm diameter SPSP in distilled water.

David A. Brattley, Wayne W. Weaver

Pipeline transportation of petroleum products remains one of the safest and most efficient methods of bulk energy delivery, yet overpressure events continue to pose serious operational and regulatory challenges. Traditional fixed-gain PI controllers, commonly used with centrifugal pump drives, cannot adapt to varying product densities or transient disturbances such as valve closures that generate water hammer. This paper proposes a self-tuning adaptive controller based on Recursive Least Squares (RLS) parameter estimation to improve safety and efficiency in pipeline pump operations. A nonlinear simulation model of a centrifugal pump driven by an induction motor is developed, incorporating pipeline friction losses via the Darcy–Weisbach relation and pressure transients induced by rapid valve closures. The RLS algorithm continuously estimates effective loop dynamics, enabling online adjustment of proportional and integral gains under changing fluid and operating conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RLS-based adaptive controller maintains discharge pressure within ±2% of the target setpoint under density variations from 710 to 900 kg/m³ and during severe transient events. Compared to a fixed-gain PI controller, the adaptive strategy reduced pressure overshoot by approximately 31.9% and settling time by 6%. Model validation using SCADA field data yielded an <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 0.957, RMSE = 3.95 m³/h, and normalized NRMSE of 12.6% (by range), confirming strong agreement with measured system behavior. The findings indicate that RLS-based self-tuning provides a practical enhancement to existing pipeline control architectures, offering both improved robustness to abnormal transients and greater efficiency during steady-state operation. This work establishes a foundation for higher-level supervisory and game-theoretic coordination strategies to be explored in subsequent studies.

Lars Vogt, Tobias Kuhn, Robert Hoehndorf

Saurav Singh, Eli Saber, Panos P. Markopoulos et al.

Multimodal fusion networks play a pivotal role in leveraging diverse sources of information for enhanced machine learning applications in aerial imagery. However, current approaches often suffer from a bias towards certain modalities, diminishing the potential benefits of multimodal data. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a novel modality utilization-based training method for multimodal fusion networks. The method aims to guide the network’s utilization on its input modalities, ensuring a balanced integration of complementary information streams, effectively mitigating the overutilization of dominant modalities. The method is validated on multimodal aerial imagery classification and image segmentation tasks, effectively maintaining modality utilization within <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the user-defined target utilization and demonstrating the versatility and efficacy of the proposed method across various applications. Furthermore, the study explores the robustness of the fusion networks against noise in input modalities, a crucial aspect in real-world scenarios. The method showcases better noise robustness by maintaining performance amidst environmental changes affecting different aerial imagery sensing modalities. The network trained with 75.0% EO utilization achieves significantly better accuracy (81.4%) in noisy conditions (noise variance = 0.12) compared to traditional training methods with 99.59% EO utilization (73.7%). Additionally, it maintains an average accuracy of 85.0% across different noise levels, outperforming the traditional method’s average accuracy of 81.9%. Overall, the proposed approach presents a significant step towards harnessing the full potential of multimodal data fusion in diverse machine learning applications such as robotics, healthcare, satellite imagery, and defense applications.

Xinbing Wang, Huquan Kang, Luoyi Fu et al.

Scientific literature, as the major medium that carries knowledge between scientists, exhibits explosive growth in the last century. Despite the frequent use of many tangible measures, to quantify the influence of literature from different perspectives, it remains unclear how knowledge is embodied and measured among tremendous scientific productivity, as knowledge underlying scientific literature is abstract and difficult to concretize. In this regard, there has laid a vacancy in the theoretical embodiment of knowledge for their evaluation and excavation. Here, for the first time, we quantify the knowledge from the perspective of information structurization and define a new measure of knowledge quantification index (KQI) that leverages the extent of disorder difference caused by hierarchical structure in the citation network to represent knowledge production in the literature. Built upon 214 million articles, published from 1800 to 2021, KQI is demonstrated for mining influential classics and laureates that are omitted by traditional metrics, thanks to in-depth utilization of structure. Due to the additivity of entropy and the interconnectivity of the network, KQI assembles numerous scientific impact metrics into one and gains interpretability and resistance to manipulation. In addition, KQI explores a new perspective regarding knowledge measurement through entropy and structure, utilizing structure rather than semantics to avoid ambiguity and attain applicability.

Yecheng Wang, Xueqi Kang, Guoqing Wang et al.

A seed-metering device is a key component for precision seeding and the core component of precision seed-metering devices. Nowadays, high-speed seeding is a trend in the development of seed-metering devices, but the filling performance of mechanical seed-metering devices decreases under the condition of high speed. Therefore, this paper explores a controllable method to improve the filling force of seeds, thereby increasing the limit operation speed of the existing mechanical seed-metering devices, so as to achieve high-speed seeding. The friction-filling method of friction vertical disc precision seed-metering devices was numerically simulated using the DEM. In this paper, the relationship between the relevant parameters and seed-filling force was confirmed via comparing theoretical formulas. The friction-filling method was studied via numerical simulation and experimental verification. This research demonstrated that during the process of friction filling, the pressure on the side wall of the tube increased with the e exponent with the change in the position of the particles. When the friction coefficient between the particles and the side wall is less than the friction coefficient between the particles, the e exponent increases. A surge occurs when the ratio of the square tube side length to the particle radius is <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced separators="|"><mrow><mi>n</mi><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfenced><mo>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>.

Tayssir Hamieh

This paper constitutes an original and new methodology for the determination of the surface properties of carbon fibers in two forms, namely, oxidized and untreated, using the inverse gas chromatography technique at infinite dilution based on the effect of temperature on the surface area of various organic molecules adsorbed on the carbon fibers. The studied thermal effect showed a large deviation from the classical methods or models relative to the new determination of the surface properties of carbon fibers, such as the dispersive component of their surface energy, the free surface energy, the free specific energy, and the enthalpy and entropy of the adsorption of molecules on the carbon fibers. It was highlighted that the variations in the London dispersive surface energy of the carbon fibers as a function of the temperature satisfied excellent linear variations by showing large deviations between the values of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msubsup><mtext> </mtext><mo>(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, calculated using different models, which can reach 300% in the case of the spherical model. All models and chromatographic methods showed that the oxidized carbon fibers gave larger specific free enthalpy of adsorption whatever the adsorbed polar molecules. The obtained specific enthalpy and entropy of the adsorption of the polar solvents led to the determination of the Lewis acid–base constants of the carbon fibers. Different molecular models and chromatographic methods were used to quantify the surface thermodynamic properties of the carbon fibers, and the results were compared with those of the thermal model. The obtained results show that the oxidized carbon fibers gave more specific interaction energy and greater acid–base constants than the untreated carbon fibers, thus highlighting the important role of oxidization in the acid–base of fibers. The determination of the specific acid–base surface energy of the two carbon fibers showed greater values for the oxidized carbon fibers than for the untreated carbon fibers. An important basic character was highlighted for the two studied carbon fibers, which was larger than the acidic character. It was observed that the carbon fibers were 1.4 times more acidic and 2.4 times more basic. The amphoteric character of the oxidized fibers was determined, and it was 1.7 times more important than that of the untreated fibers This tendency was confirmed by all molecular models and chromatographic methods. The Lewis acid and base surface energies of the solid surface, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, as well as the specific acid–base surface energy <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the carbon fibers at different temperatures were determined. One showed that the specific surface energy <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the oxidized fibers was 1.5 times larger than that of the untreated fibers, confirming the above results obtained on the strong acid–base interactions of the oxidized carbon fibers with the various polar molecules.

Sunny Vagnozzi

The Hubble tension has now grown to a level of significance which can no longer be ignored and calls for a solution which, despite a huge number of attempts, has so far eluded us. Significant efforts in the literature have focused on early-time modifications of <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Λ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>CDM, introducing new physics operating prior to recombination and reducing the sound horizon. In this opinion paper I argue that early-time new physics <i>alone</i> will always fall short of fully solving the Hubble tension. I base my arguments on seven independent hints, related to (1) the ages of the oldest astrophysical objects, (2) considerations on the sound horizon-Hubble constant degeneracy directions in cosmological data, (3) the important role of cosmic chronometers, (4) a number of “descending trends” observed in a wide variety of low-redshift datasets, (5) the early integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect as an early-time consistency test of <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Λ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>CDM, (6) early-Universe physics insensitive and uncalibrated cosmic standard constraints on the matter density, and finally (7) equality wavenumber-based constraints on the Hubble constant from galaxy power spectrum measurements. I argue that a promising way forward should ultimately involve a combination of early- and late-time (but non-local—in a cosmological sense, i.e., at high redshift) new physics, as well as local (i.e., at <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>∼</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) new physics, and I conclude by providing reflections with regards to potentially interesting models which may also help with the <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>8</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> tension.

Hyeoneui Kim, Jinsun Jung, Jisung Choi

BackgroundDietary habits offer crucial information on one's health and form a considerable part of the patient-generated health data. Dietary data are collected through various channels and formats; thus, interoperability is a significant challenge to reusing this type of data. The vast scope of dietary concepts and the colloquial expression style add difficulty to standardizing the data. The interoperability issues of dietary data can be addressed through Common Data Elements with metadata annotation to some extent. However, making culture-specific dietary habits and questionnaire-based dietary assessment data interoperable still requires substantial efforts. ObjectiveThe main goal of this study was to address the interoperability challenge of questionnaire-based dietary data from different cultural backgrounds by combining ontological curation and metadata annotation of dietary concepts. Specifically, this study aimed to develop a Dietary Lifestyle Ontology (DILON) and demonstrate the improved interoperability of questionnaire-based dietary data by annotating its main semantics with DILON. MethodsBy analyzing 1158 dietary assessment data elements (367 in Korean and 791 in English), 515 dietary concepts were extracted and used to construct DILON. To demonstrate the utility of DILON in addressing the interoperability challenges of questionnaire-based multicultural dietary data, we developed 10 competency questions that asked to identify data elements sharing the same dietary topics and assessment properties. We instantiated 68 data elements on dietary habits selected from Korean and English questionnaires and annotated them with DILON to answer the competency questions. We translated the competency questions into Semantic Query-Enhanced Web Rule Language and reviewed the query results for accuracy. ResultsDILON was built with 262 concept classes and validated with ontology validation tools. A small overlap (72 concepts) in the concepts extracted from the questionnaires in 2 languages indicates that we need to pay closer attention to representing culture-specific dietary concepts. The Semantic Query-Enhanced Web Rule Language queries reflecting the 10 competency questions yielded correct results. ConclusionsEnsuring the interoperability of dietary lifestyle data is a demanding task due to its vast scope and variations in expression. This study demonstrated that we could improve the interoperability of dietary data generated in different cultural contexts and expressed in various styles by annotating their core semantics with DILON.

Muhammad Bilal Khan, Adriana Cătaș, Tareq Saeed

The fuzzy order relation <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced><mo>≽</mo></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and fuzzy inclusion relation <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced><mo>⊇</mo></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> are two different relations in fuzzy-interval calculus. Due to the importance of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>p</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-convexity, in this article we consider the introduced class of nonconvex fuzzy-interval-valued mappings known as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>p</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-convex fuzzy-interval-valued mappings (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>p</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-convex f-i-v-ms) through fuzzy order relation. With the support of a fuzzy generalized fractional operator, we establish a relationship between <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>p</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-convex f-i-v-ms and Hermite–Hadamard (ℋ–ℋ) inequalities. Moreover, some related ℋ–ℋ inequalities are also derived by using fuzzy generalized fractional operators. Furthermore, we show that our conclusions cover a broad range of new and well-known inequalities for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>p</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-convex f-i-v-ms, as well as their variant forms as special instances. The theory proposed in this research is shown, with practical examples that demonstrate its usefulness. These findings and alternative methodologies may pave the way for future research in fuzzy optimization, modeling, and interval-valued mappings (i-v-m).

Ponomarenko, Elena Alikovna, Chureyeva, Olga Aleksandrovna

The issue raised in this study touches upon different aspects related to expression of negative judgment in medical discourse. This issue lies within the boundaries of speech genre theory. The authors use analysis tools of such disciplines as functional linguistics, medical rhetoric and elocutary mastery. The comparison of accusation and reproach &ndash; two related to each other speech genres of expressing disapproval &ndash; is made in the introduction to the article. Lexicographic sources allowed to reveal essential semantic peculiarities of these genres. The authors have found that the most frequent means of expressing accusation and reproach is a rhetoric question which is used to express the doctor&rsquo;s disapproval of the patient&rsquo;s behaviour. It is pointed out that one of the reasons for the doctor&rsquo;s failures in communication with patients is the improper use of rhetorical questions. This study attempts to discover communication pitfalls dealing with expressing disapproval. Understanding the structure and semantics of rhetoric questions allows to avoid common mistakes in the speech of medical students. It is necessary to view the object of the research in the context of argumentation and manipulation theories. The article also analyzes whether expressing disapproval can be regarded as a manipulative speech tactic. The authors claim that rhetoric questions should be regarded as irrelevant in the doctor&rsquo;s dialog with the patient due to their negative impact on the patient&rsquo;s emotional and psychological state. It is necessary to remember about risks related to iatrogenic factors.

Alaa Altassan, Bilal Ahmad Rather, Muhammad Imran

For a simple graph with vertex set <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>{</mo><msub><mi>v</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>v</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>…</mo><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>n</mi></msub><mo>}</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> with degree sequence <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>d</mi><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> of vertex <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>…</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, the inverse sum indeg matrix (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>I</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-matrix) <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>I</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>×</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of <i>G</i> is defined by <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></msub><msub><mi>d</mi><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>j</mi></msub></msub></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>d</mi><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>j</mi></msub></msub></mrow></mfrac><mo>,</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> if <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> is adjacent to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>j</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and zero, otherwise. The multiset of eigenvalues of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>I</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>I</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-spectrum of <i>G</i> and the sum of their absolute values is the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>I</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-energy of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. In this paper, we modify the two results of (Li, Ye and Broersma, 2022), give the correct characterization of the extremal graphs and thereby obtain better bounds than the already known results. Moreover, we also discuss the QSPR analysis and carry the statistical modelling (linear, logarithmic and quadratic) of the physicochemical properties of anticancer drugs with the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>I</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-index (energy).

Liang Zhao, Enrico Landi, Susan T. Lepri et al.

The exact coronal origin of the slow-speed solar wind has been under debate for decades in the Heliophysics community. Besides the solar wind speed, the heavy ion composition, including the elemental abundances and charge state ratios, are widely used as diagnostic tool to investigate the coronal origins of the slow wind. In this study, we recognize a subset of slow speed solar wind that is located on the upper boundary of the data distribution in the O<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>7</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>/O<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> versus C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>/C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> plot (O-C plot). In addition, in this wind the elemental abundances relative to protons, such as N/P, O/P, Ne/P, Mg/P, Si/P, S/P, Fe/P, He/P, and C/P are systemically depleted. We compare these winds (“upper depleted wind” or UDW hereafter) with the slow winds that are located in the main stream of the O-C plot and possess comparable Carbon abundance range as the depletion wind (“normal-depletion-wind”, or NDW hereafter). We find that the proton density in the UDW is about 27.5% lower than in the NDW. Charge state ratios of O<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>7</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>/O<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, O<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>7</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>/O, and O<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>/O are decreased by 64.4%, 54.5%, and 52.1%, respectively. The occurrence rate of these UDW is anti-correlated with solar cycle. By tracing the wind along PFSS field lines back to the Sun, we find that the coronal origins of the UDW are more likely associated with quiet Sun regions, while the NDW are mainly associated with active regions and HCS-streamer.

Muhammad Bilal Khan, Savin Treanțǎ, Mohamed S. Soliman et al.

The purpose of this study is to introduce the new class of Hermite–Hadamard inequality for LR-convex interval-valued functions known as LR-interval Hermite–Hadamard inequality, by means of pseudo-order relation ( <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mo>≤</mo><mi>p</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> ). This order relation is defined on interval space. We have proved that if the interval-valued function is LR-convex then the inclusion relation “ <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mo>⊆</mo></semantics></math></inline-formula> ” coincident to pseudo-order relation “ <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mo>≤</mo><mi>p</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> ” under some suitable conditions. Moreover, the interval Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér inequality is also derived for LR-convex interval-valued functions. These inequalities also generalize some new and known results. Useful examples that verify the applicability of the theory developed in this study are presented. The concepts and techniques of this paper may be a starting point for further research in this area.

Yuchen Zhang, Xiujuan Lei, Zengqiang Fang et al.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel non-coding endogenous RNAs. Evidence has shown that circRNAs are related to many biological processes and play essential roles in different biological functions. Although increasing numbers of circRNAs are discovered using high-throughput sequencing technologies, these techniques are still time-consuming and costly. In this study, we propose a computational method to predict circRNA-disesae associations which is based on metapath2vec++ and matrix factorization with integrated multiple data (called PCD_MVMF). To construct more reliable networks, various aspects are considered. Firstly, circRNA annotation, sequence, and functional similarity networks are established, and disease-related genes and semantics are adopted to construct disease functional and semantic similarity networks. Secondly, metapath2vec++ is applied on an integrated heterogeneous network to learn the embedded features and initial prediction score. Finally, we use matrix factorization, take similarity as a constraint, and optimize it to obtain the final prediction results. Leave-one-out cross-validation, five-fold cross-validation, and f-measure are adopted to evaluate the performance of PCD_MVMF. These evaluation metrics verify that PCD_MVMF has better prediction performance than other methods. To further illustrate the performance of PCD_MVMF, case studies of common diseases are conducted. Therefore, PCD_MVMF can be regarded as a reliable and useful circRNA-disease association prediction tool.

Miloslav Znojil

Non-Hermitian quantum-Hamiltonian-candidate combination <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>&#955;</mi> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> of a non-Hermitian unperturbed operator <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>H</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> with an arbitrary &#8220;small&#8221; non-Hermitian perturbation <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>&#955;</mi> <mi>W</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> is given a mathematically consistent unitary-evolution interpretation. The formalism generalizes the conventional constructive Rayleigh&#8722;Schr&#246;dinger perturbation expansion technique. It is sufficiently general to take into account the well known formal ambiguity of reconstruction of the correct physical Hilbert space of states. The possibility of removal of the ambiguity via a complete, irreducible set of observables is also discussed.

Jiaohua Qin, Yuanjing Luo, Xuyu Xiang et al.

With the digitalization of information, a lot of multimedia data are under attack, information security has become a key issue of public concern. Image steganography, aiming at using cover images to convey secret information has become one of the most challenge and important subjects in the field of information security recently. Different from the traditional image steganography, coverless image steganography does not need to employ the designated cover image for embedding the secret data but directly transfers secret information through its own properties such as pixel brightness value, color, texture, edge, contour and high-level semantics. Therefore, it radically resist the detection of steganalysis tools and significantly improves the security of the image. Its basic idea is to analyze the attributes of the image and map them to the secret information according to certain rules based on the characteristics of the attributes. This paper includes more than 50 key contributions to provide a comprehensive survey in this field, covers the main aspects of coverless image steganography research: the fundamental frameworks, pre-processing, feature extraction, generation of hash sequence and mapping relationships. The existing methods are evaluated and the prospect of future work is also summarized.