Hasil untuk "Regional economics. Space in economics"

A. F. Filippov

Shiya Du

Agriculture serves as the bedrock of the rural economy, directly determining household incomes and food security while providing essential support for extending industrial chains and fostering related industries. Selecting suitable crops requires 2 with regional climate and soil conditions, while rational planting strategies must balance profitability with ecological considerations—both being crucial for achieving sustainable rural development. This study examines a village with diverse farmland types—flat dryland, terraced fields, slopes, irrigated land, and both standard and smart greenhouses. By optimizing annual crop selections across these terrains and applying mixed-integer programming (MIP) to planting strategies, it tracks yield fluctuations under varying approaches. This methodology proves effective in minimizing resource wastage, boosting profitability, and mitigating market volatility. The results indicate that by fully considering the specific demand trends for different crop categories over the years, the real-time fluctuation patterns of market vegetable prices during different seasons and holidays, as well as the substitutability in planting space and growth cycles and the ecological complementarity among various crops, the resulting planting strategy can effectively reduce waste of resources such as land, water, fertilizers, and labor. It significantly increases farmers' planting income, providing a solid and practical scientific basis for steadily increasing crop yields, sustained growth in agricultural economic benefits, and the sustainable development goal of balancing rural ecological conservation with economic growth.

Mengzhu Zhang, Jiang Xu, Pengjun Zhao et al.

This review paper advances a typology for research involving big data, highlighting a niche yet expanding scholarship on the provision and consumption of data infrastructure. By elucidating the epistemological underpinnings and analytical gaze of this strand of work, we conceptualise an outward‐looking approach to understanding data infrastructure. This perspective is vital in thinking through the materiality of big data and acknowledging the significant role that the practices of big data collection, storage, transfer, and computation play in (re)shaping spaces and places, thereby deepening our insights into sociospatial transformations. To demonstrate this approach, we used recent developments in the big data sector to elaborate on and discuss selected accounts of (a) uneven development, (b) geopolitics–economics nexus over city‐regional transformation, and (c) urban sociospatial restructuring and inequality. The discussion paves the way for scholarly contributions in the realm of geographical political economy and related fields.

Rindang Nuri Isnaini Nugrohowati, Jannahar Saddam Ash Shidiqie

Purpose — This study examines the effects of financial inclusion and institutional quality on bank stability. It first examines the effects of banking on the whole Asian region and then the region according to income categories. Method — We use aggregate data from 2013 to 2021 to investigate banking stability in 39 Asian countries and apply the generalized method of Moments (GMM), specifically the first difference GMM and system GMM. In addition, this research uses Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to measure the composite variables of the financial inclusion index and institutional quality index. Findings — The findings demonstrate that overall financial inclusion has a favourable effect on Asian nations' banking systems. However, an examination based on income categories reveals some intriguing results: financial inclusion improves bank stability in lower- and upper-middle-income countries but does not affect high-income countries. In lower-middle-income countries, institutional quality has a detrimental effect on bank stability; in upper-middle-income and high-income countries, it has no effect. Implications — The availability of financial services to households and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) significantly impacts the stability of Asian banks. Several policy recommendations are feasible to implement, including the need for collaboration between banks and the government to broaden banking services to all communities, particularly in lower-middle-income nations. Originality — Analyzing the differences in the impact of institutional quality and financial inclusion variables on banking stability in Asian countries according to income categories.

Fabio Ivinić, Sebastian Zemla , Nataniel Zemla

This study explores the relationship and importance of intellectual capital and innovation in creating additional value for entities. In today's world, where we live and create in a so-called “knowledge society,” innovation plays a significant role in the value chain, while intellectual capital is a crucial element and generator for the overall development of entities and vice versa. Thus, they represent a significant part of a company's development, performance, wealth, and competitiveness. Furthermore, through the empirical analysis, the study provides evidence that a high level of intellectual capital in its three dimensions supports and enhances a company's ability to innovate and generate new ideas and insights. In this respect, it is more than justified to link intellectual capital, comprising human, relational, and structural capital, to value creation and innovation. The investigation will conclude with an examination of the topic in the context of contemporary society, particularly in light of (inter)national crises, whether economic, health-related, or other crises caused by conflicts.

Banco de la República’s 2024 Economic Publications Report offers a compilation of the academic production and dissemination activities carried out by the Institution. The publications detailed here are in different formats, including: •Revista ESPE (Essays on Economic Policy): An issue was published in 2024 on subnational tax rules in Colombia. •Working Papers (43): Research in key areas such as macro- and micro-economics, economic history, and regional and urban economics is presented. •Articles in indexed journals (39): Publications in international scientific journals covering monetary policy, financial markets, development economics, and sustainability. •Books: The book Mitos y realidades de la política monetaria (Myths and Realities of Monetary Policy) was published, addressing a wide range of monetary issues including recent policies and their macroeconomic implications. •Blog Posts (18): Reflections on economic and financial policy issues. •Academic Seminars (47): Discussion spaces on macroeconomics, applied microeconomics, and economic policy.

Irina Koz'eva

The textbook outlines the theoretical, methodological and factual foundations of economic geography and regionalism. The geographical aspects of Russia's economic development are analyzed, knowledge of which is necessary for the formation of a professional worldview of managerial economists. The trends in the development of the Russian economic space and the processes of managing the territorial organization of productive forces are considered. It is intended for students, postgraduates and teachers of economics departments of higher educational institutions, as well as anyone interested in economic geography and regionalism.

Alla B. Berendeeva

The article presents the directions of theoretical research of human capital, the role of higher education institutions and universities in the implementation of the concept of sustainable development of Russia and the ESG agenda, including those published in the journal «Theoretical Economics». The factors of growing demand from businesses for specialists in the field of sustainable development and ESG are revealed, and examples of leading companies in terms of the number of vacancies in the field of sustainable development are given. The functions of higher education institutions and universities in the sustainable development and ESG transformation of the country’s and regional economies are shown. International and Russian conferences on the sustainable development and ESG agenda, and the results of the Priority 2030 project are reflected. A list of the world’s 10 leading sustainable universities according to global educational rankings: QS and THE is presented. An overview of sustainable development programs at leading universities in Europe and the USA, and educational programs in the Russian educational space is given. The article presents the results of several studies on the trends in the development of ESG education in Russian universities, examples of bachelor’s and master’s programs in the areas of training related to SD and ESG, examples of partners of educational programs on SD and ESG. Proposals for improving ESG education in Russian universities are presented. The issue of transforming the concept of a «green» university into an ESG strategy for its development, the adoption of a national concept for the development of ESG in the education system and the development of a new model of the university as a large ecosystem aimed at reproducing a new type of society and economy is raised. The significance of the professional standard of a specialist in achieving sustainable development goals, approved in 2024 by the Ministry of Labor of Russia, is revealed.

Nizami Huseynov

Risk and crisis management have a significant role to play in international tourism with the aim of providing safety for tourists and the sustainability of the tourism system. There are many areas in which tourism risks are addressed, including crime, terrorism, natural hazards, pandemics, political and economic instability, and food and infrastructure security. If not properly managed, a crisis may arise, which will affect tourism, economic revenues, and the image of a particular country. Crisis management is carried out at macro, meso, and micro levels: at the macro level, national and regional policies and strategies are formulated; at the meso level, specific tourism zones and sectors are adapted; and at the micro level, local businesses and workers are supported with recovery measures. Modern approaches combine proactive and reactive strategies, location-based management, and systematic risk analysis. Digital technologies, GIS-based models, big data analytics, and the concept of smart spaces increase the agility of the tourism sector. Post-crisis recovery strategies include digital adaptation, green policies, brand rebranding, and community-based models. Place-based, systemic, and innovative approaches ensure the transition of tourism to a sustainable management model, ensuring the sector is flexible and resilient to future crises. These approaches strengthen economic, social, and environmental sustainability and ensure the long-term development of tourism. Keywords: Tourism risks, Crisis management, Security, Place-based management, Sustainable tourism

Zhao Shi

Over the past four decades, China has experienced unprecedented rapid economic growth, with surging output, accelerated urbanization, improved access to education, and technological innovation collectively driving the country toward modernization. An increasing number of young people have found that individual effort alone cannot overcome structural barriers to the resources. Social phenomena such as poverty traps, exam fever, school district housing, and lying flat ideology reflect the ongoing exacerbation of social inequality. This paper adopts Bourdieu's theory of capital and social reproduction as its analytical framework, focusing on the accumulation and transmission mechanisms of economic capital, cultural capital, and social capital across generations, and on how these mechanisms shape individuals' social mobility pathways. Through the combination of statistical data and regional case studies, this paper reveals that Chinese society is gradually evolving from a mobile society to a stratified society. Specifically, the imbalance in development between eastern, central, and western regions has caused structural fractures in mobility opportunities; the urban-rural dichotomy has led to a marked concentration of educational resources among the urban middle class and elite groups; and skyrocketing housing prices have emerged as a new barrier to mobility. Additionally, relationship capital often proves more critical than individual ability in the job market, further compressing the upward mobility space for the lower strata.

Жильберт Мабиала , Ирина Александровна Сухарева , Алексей Иванович Волошин et al.

Глобальное распространение острого респираторного синдрома SARS-CoV-2, вызывавшего COVID-19, остается чрезвычайной ситуацией в области общественного здоровья. Пандемия привела к более 563312528 случаям инфицирования, поставив под угрозу здоровье и повысив риск потери рабочего места и доходов многих людей по всему миру. Статья посвящена расчетно-графическому анализу эффектов (шоков), произошедших в сферах человеческой деятельности под влиянием синдрома SARS-CoV-2 и вспышки новых штаммов COVID-19, моделированию причиненного социально-экономического ущерба и обоснованию прогнозных трендов социально-экономического состояния общества. Достижение данной цели предполагает решение задачи анализа состояния случаев заражения, смертности и выздоровления населения и обоснования прогнозных сценариев тенденции социально-экономических показателей вследствие появления новых штаммов COVID-19. Методической основой работы явилось применение экономико-статического метода и таблично-графического подхода к количественной оценке эмпирических данных. Предложенная модель количественной оценки последствия воздействия инфекции COVID-2019 позволила выявить факторы снижения деловой активности, социально-экономической стагнации и рецессии мировой экономики. Меры, которые были применены против пандемии, усугубили кризис, существовавший до 2019 г. с беспрецедентными социально-экономическими потрясениями, ростом уровня бедности в мире с 17,1 % до 25,9 % и прогнозируемым ущербом в размере более 1976,80 трлн руб. для мировой экономики, и привели к сокращению скорости восстановления социально-экономического благосостояния с 11,8 до 6,7 месяцев. Отмечено, что когда доля активных инфицированных превысит 1 %, система здравоохранения столкнется с серьезными проблемами, а когда достигнет 10 % — возникнет дисфункция социально-экономических компонентов инфраструктур мировой экономики с макроэкономическими шоками, которые сопровождаются тенденцией снижения мирового ВВП на 2,4 % на перспективу по сравнению с 2021–2022 гг. и на 4 % в 2023 г., что обострит имеющиеся социально-экономические противоречия, рост безработицы, инфляции и приведет к падению уровня реального дохода населения. .

سید امیرمحمد حجازیان, غلامرضا منصورفر, فرزاد غیور

در عصری که شرکت‌ها برای بقا در بازارهای رقابتی با چالش‌های فراوانی روبه‌رو هستند، شناسایی عوامل تاثیرگذار بر بحران‌های مالی اهمیت می‌یابد. یکی از راه‌های کمک به سرمایه-گذاران و شرکت‌ها ارائه، الگوهایی جهت پیش‌بینی درماندگی مالی است. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی توانایی تئوری مجموعه راف و مقایسه آن با شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی و فازی جهت پیش‌بینی درماندگی مالی شرکت‌های فعال در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران است. بدین منظور 329 جفت شرکت سالم و درمانده مالی طی بازه زمانی سال‌های 1385-1399 انتخاب شده‌است. شبکه-های عصبی بررسی شده در این پژوهش عبارتنداز: شبکه عصبی پرسپترون چندلایه (MLP) و شبکه عملکرد پایه شعاعی (RBF) و شبکه استنتاج فازی انطباق‌پذیر(ANFIS) و همچنین نرم افزار مورد استفاده جهت ایجاد تئوری مجموعه راف ROSETTA و نرم‌افزار مورد استفاده جهت طراحی شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی و فازی نرم افزار MATLAB می‌باشد. نتایج به دست آمده در این پژوهش نشان از کارایی بالای مدل مجموعه‌های راف با دقت 7/98درصد جهت پیش‌بینی درماندگی مالی دارد.

Izabel Freitas Brandão, Amarilis Lucia Casteli Figueiredo Gallardo

Um projeto de lei, recentemente aprovado no congresso federal e encaminhado ao Senado, pode modificar o licenciamento do saneamento ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho é explorar a evolução das legislações de avaliação de impacto ambiental para sistemas de saneamento ambiental de modo a fornecer subsídios técnicos ao novo marco do licenciamento ambiental no contexto de privatização do saneamento. Este estudo bibliográfico e documental analisa normas e resoluções representativas do quadro legal aplicável às questões ambientais e hídricas. Os resultados indicam que o Brasil possui amplo escopo legal em matéria ambiental e de recursos hídricos fundamental para garantir diretrizes para licenciar projetos potencialmente degradadores, como são os sistemas de esgoto sanitário e abastecimento de água. Ainda que se vislumbre um cenário de aumento desses projetos pelo novo marco legal de saneamento básico, o novo marco do licenciamento surpreende negativamente ao exclui-los do rol de iniciativas submetidas à avaliação de impacto ambiental.

Aufa Aufa, Mimma Maripatul Uula, Syahdatul Maulida

The Rural Bank (BPR) plays a crucial role in the Indonesian banking industry, particularly at the regional level, serving as an alternative financ-ing source for the unbankable population. This research aims to analyse the productivity levels of BPRs in East Java using the Malmquist Pro-ductivity Index (MPI) during the period from 2016 to 2022. The study sample comprises 30 BPRs in East Java. The analysis results indicate that the productivity of BPRs in East Java fluc-tuates from year to year. Moreover, during the COVID-19 pandemic, BPR productivity experi-enced a significant decline. The study provides recommendations for BPR management and regulators to pay more attention to BPR pro-ductivity and decision-making foundations.

Alexander D. Volkov, Anna V. Simakova

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the strategic necessity of consolidating human capital in the Arctic territories, which determines the importance of a deeper study of the connection between the life strategies of the population and the local problems of monotowns, as hard points for the formation of the economic space of the Arctic. The purpose of the article is to identify the reasons for the formation of migration attitudes of the population of the monotown. Materials and Methods. The information basis of the study was the data of official statistics and the results of a questionnaire based survey of the population of Kostomuksha district, conducted in the fall of 2021. The participants of the survey were representatives of the population permanently residing in the district, aged 15‒74. The average age of the respondents was 44.9. The sample size was 697 people. The analysis was conducted using the SPSS software. The final conclusions were based on a combination of methods of spatial economics, the theory of sustainable development and the dialectical approach. Results. Environmental features were identified by way of comparing the data of sociological survey of the population (town’s problems, satisfaction with different aspects of life), the results of previous studies and expeditions of the authors and the data of official statistics. The severity and features of the migration attitudes of the population were established, the social portrait of the migration-prone part of the population was examined. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the correlation between the environmental features of the territory and the results of the migration attitudes analysis, conclusions were made concerning the competitiveness of Kostomuksha district in terms of reproduction of its human capital and social sustainability, sustainable and favorable ecological conditions, supported in part by the stable operation of the city-forming enterprise, as well as general protection of the population from crime. Measures were proposed for the transition to an expanded quality of human capital reproduction. The results of the study and the identified threats to local social stability make it possible to form an analytical basis for their timely elimination, and, in a broader context, are of practical importance for managing the development of the Russian Arctic economic space at all levels of administrative regulation. The findings will form the basis of analytical materials addressed to the subjects of state and municipal government.

Mudeer Ahmed Khattak, Mohsin Ali, Noureen A. Khan

Purpose ― This paper examines banking competition's effect on Malaysia's financial performance from 2008–2020. This study investigates the relationship between banks' market competition and financial performance by examining banks' profits and risks. Further, this current study examines whether the association differs for Islamic banks. Methods ― The research studies Malaysia as a sample country and employs a data span from 2008-2020. In order to address omitted variable bias, simultaneity and endogeneity are avoided using a two-step GMM model. Findings ― Our results recommend that more competition inspires the banking sector to invest in risky ventures to offset the losses in revenues. Moreover, banking today is still based on basic banking operations like granting loans (or financing in Islamic banks), collecting deposits, and managing payment systems. Implication ― Since our findings show a negative effect of competition on the bank's financial performance, we suggest that competition lowers banks' profits and results in greater risk. It is suggested that regulators and policymakers develop the financial infrastructure in terms of controlled competition in banking and encourage banks to diversify their operations efficiently. We find no significant difference in the association between conventional and Islamic banking. Originality ― This research is the first to examine the effect of bank competition on the financial performance of a developed dual banking system using the efficiency-adjusted Lerner index.

Halyna Shumytska

This article explores trends in language policies in the Transcarpathian region during 1991–2020 within the general Ukrainian sociopolitical context. It is argued that the status of the Ukrainian language as the state language in the region has become strengthened as evidenced by recent developments in language planning and language policy, including the adoption of the Law “On Ensuring the Functioning of the Ukrainian Lan-guage as the Official Language”. However, the manipulation of the language question in Ukraine, especially in the border regions, has taken on a political character, spreading beyond the borders of the state, threatening the constitutional order and the state sovereignty of Ukraine, in particu-lar in education, economics, and legal sphere. In Transcarpathia, a multi-ethnic border region in the extreme west of Ukraine, warrants attention of both scholars and politicians. This article looks into the changes in the Ukrainian language policies in the local state administration, and the importance of the Ukrainian president office in this regard. Specific features of the linguo-political situation in Transcarpathia, viewed at different periods of its development from the independence of Ukraine in 1991 on-ward, are presented. This study determines the role of the media in shaping a regional linguo-political situation, including the Internet media language space. The paper provides data of a comprehensive analy-sis of the results of the 2017–2019 external independent evaluation as an indicator of language competence of the participants of EIE, the results of research on the perception of educational language innovations in the region through a survey of different categories of respondents during 2018, the monitoring of experimental experience in implementing elements of multilingual edu-cation in educational institutions in Ukraine, particularly in Transcarpathia. The author outlines prospects for continued research in the framework of the project “Debat ing Linguistic Diversity: Managing National Minority Languages in Ukraine and Russia” (2020–2023). Keywords: language policy, language situation, state language, mother tongue, minority language, multilingual education, mass media.

М.Ю. Афанасьев, А В Кудров, М.А. Лысенкова

Currently, one of the priorities of the country's development is the transition of the economy to an innovative path of development. Analysis and evaluation of innovative development at the regional and national levels, quantitative assessment of regional innovation activity, and development of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of interaction between science and business that allow choosing the right strategies for solving management problems are of particular relevance. The subject of the research is the indexes of innovative development of regions. The purpose of the study is to compare the indexes of innovative development of regions and identify indexes that do not have significant differences. Eight indexes describing the innovative development of Russian regions are compared. We use four of the author's indexes, published earlier: the index of technical efficiency innovative space for international patent applications TEMPZ, the index of technical efficiency innovative space for patent applications TEPZ, the index of technical efficiency innovative space issued patents TEPV and the index of technical efficiency innovative space developed for new technologies TETECH. Along with the author's indexes, four other indexes with a similar applied focus are considered, published by the Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge (ISSEK) in National Research University — Higher School of Economics (HSE), RIA rating, and Association of Innovative Regions of Russia (AIRR). In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of the indexes of innovative development in the space of expert-defined characteristics of regional differentiation was made. Analysis of the cosines of the angles between the indexes constructed using the beta coefficients of the regressions of these indexes on the differentiation characteristics allows us to refine the results of correlation analysis and identify a subset of indexes that are not distinguishable when solving control problems parameterized using the differentiation characteristics.

B. Liao, Li Lin

Green building development plays an important role in improving the efficiency of carbon reduction in the construction industry and accelerating the construction industry to achieve carbon neutrality goals. Based on the dual perspective of "industrial upgrading and space overflow", this paper integrates the topic of "green building development to promote carbon neutrality in the construction industry" into the cross-study of industrial economics and spatial economics Using China's provincial panel data from 2008 to 2019, use the intermediary adjustment model to prove how green building development builds an internal green supply and demand system in the industry to promote the efficiency of carbon emission reduction in the construction industryand use the space panel Dubin model to discuss the green building Development affects the spatial mechanism and attenuation boundary of the construction industry's carbon emission reduction efficiency. The study found that green building development has a positive effect on the efficiency of carbon reduction in the construction industry. And there is a clear "center-peripheral pattern" between green building development and the efficiency of carbon reduction in the construction industry. At the same time, the impact of green building development on the efficiency of carbon emission reduction in the construction industry exists "industry-space" two-dimensional mechanism, from the industrial perspective, green building development can activate the construction market form a green supply and demand system by promoting the green upgrading of supporting industries and stimulating the green consumption of the market, and finally realize the overall green upgrading of the construction industry. from the spatial level, the development of regional green buildings forms a new growth pole and enhances the carbon emission reduction efficiency of the construction industry in the region through polarization effect, inhibits the carbon emission reduction efficiency of the construction industry in neighboring areas, and this spatial polarization effect also shows obvious spatial attenuation characteristics. In the 1,000 km, rangethe spillover effect is higher, while attenuation occurs outside the 1,000 km range. The results provide a theoretical basis and empirical evidence for the construction industry to improve the efficiency of carbon reduction and achieve industrial carbon neutrality.

O. N. Omy, Margarita Shopova, Tihomir Varbanov et al.