Hasil untuk "Psychology"

D. Katz, Robert L. Kahn

R. Hogarth

Julian F. Henriques, W. Hollway, C. Urwin et al.

N. Betz, L. Fitzgerald

H. Wellman, J. Woolley

W. Russell Neuman

This study seeks to uncover evidence of a latent structure in evolved human culture as it is refracted through contemporary large language models (LLMs). Drawing on parallel responses from six leading generative models to a prompt which asks directly what their training corpora reveal about human culture and behavior, we identify a robust cross-model consensus on a limited set of recurring cultural themes. The themes include narrative meaning-making, affect-first cognition, coalition psychology, status competition, threat sensitivity, and moral rationalization. Each provides grounds for further psychological and sociological inquiry. There is strong evidence of a convergence in these pattern recognition exercises as differences among models are shown to reflect varying explanatory lenses rather than substantive disagreement. We review these findings in the light of the evolving literatures of moral psychology, evolutionary psychology, anthropology, and the computer science literature on large-scale language modeling. We argue that LLMs function as cultural condensates -- compressed representations of how humans describe, justify, and contest their own social lives across trillions of tokens of aggregated communication and narration.

Anna Sverdlik

This paper examines the conceptual convergence between Lee Smolin's Causal Theory of Views, Karl Friston's Free Energy Principle, and contemporary psychological accounts of the functions of consciousness. Although formulated within different domains -- physics, biology, and psychology -- all three frameworks, in one form or another, appeal to processes of transition from uncertainty to certainty, in which novelty arises through the resolution of surprise. According to the first two approaches, these transitions are realized within particular temporo-spatial gaps, which themselves evolve and become increasingly elaborate as organization grows. By tracing the structural and functional parallels between these frameworks, the paper proposes an account of how the evolution and the gradual elaboration of novelty, surprise, and these temporo-spatial gaps may be linked to the emergence and progressive development of consciousness, up to its highest forms addressed by psychology.

Claire Barraud

This article proposes a complementary theoretical framework in behavioural finance by interpreting financial markets during boom-and-bust episodes as a Le Bonian crowd. While behavioural finance has documented the limits of individual rationality through biases and heuristics, these contributions remain primarily microeconomic. A second, more macroeconomic strand appears to treat market instability as the aggregated result of individual biases, although it generally does so without an explicit theoretical account of how such aggregation operates. In contrast, this paper adopts a macro-psychological -and therefore macroeconomic -perspective, drawing on classical crowd psychology (Le Bon, 1895; Tarde, 1901; Freud, 1921). The central claim is that during speculative booms and crashes, markets behave as psychological crowds governed by unconscious processes, suggestion, emotional contagion, and impulsive action. These episodes cannot be understood merely as the sum of individual departures from rationality, but as the emergence of a collective mental state that follows its own psychological laws. By reintroducing crowd psychology into behavioural finance, this paper clarifies the mechanisms through which market-wide irrationality arises and offers a theoretical foundation for a macrobehavioural understanding of financial instability.

Shuide Wen, Yu Sun, Beier Ku et al.

Background: The House-Tree-Person (HTP) drawing test, introduced by John Buck in 1948, remains a widely used projective technique in clinical psychology. However, it has long faced challenges such as heterogeneous scoring standards, reliance on examiners subjective experience, and a lack of a unified quantitative coding system. Results: Quantitative experiments showed that the mean semantic similarity between Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) interpretations and human expert interpretations was approximately 0.75 (standard deviation about 0.05). In structurally oriented expert data sets, this similarity rose to 0.85, indicating expert-level baseline comprehension. Qualitative analyses demonstrated that the multi-agent system, by integrating social-psychological perspectives and destigmatizing narratives, effectively corrected visual hallucinations and produced psychological reports with high ecological validity and internal coherence. Conclusions: The findings confirm the potential of multimodal large models as standardized tools for projective assessment. The proposed multi-agent framework, by dividing roles, decouples feature recognition from psychological inference and offers a new paradigm for digital mental-health services. Keywords: House-Tree-Person test; multimodal large language model; multi-agent collaboration; cosine similarity; computational psychology; artificial intelligence

Minyu Feng, Bin Pi, Liang-Jian Deng et al.

The psychology of the individual is continuously changing in nature, which has a significant influence on the evolutionary dynamics of populations. To study the influence of the continuously changing psychology of individuals on the behavior of populations, in this paper, we consider the game transitions of individuals in evolutionary processes to capture the changing psychology of individuals in reality, where the game that individuals will play shifts as time progresses and is related to the transition rates between different games. Besides, the individual's reputation is taken into account and utilized to choose a suitable neighbor for the strategy updating of the individual. Within this model, we investigate the statistical number of individuals staying in different game states and the expected number fits well with our theoretical results. Furthermore, we explore the impact of transition rates between different game states, payoff parameters, the reputation mechanism, and different time scales of strategy updates on cooperative behavior, and our findings demonstrate that both the transition rates and reputation mechanism have a remarkable influence on the evolution of cooperation. Additionally, we examine the relationship between network size and cooperation frequency, providing valuable insights into the robustness of the model.

Riya Mishra, Braj Bhushan, K. S. Venkatesh

Tao Wen, Ziwei Wang, Shuang Wang

The study aims to explore the impact mechanism of brand ritual on online word-of-mouth communication, introducing the mediating variable—flow experience—and the moderating variable—consumer–brand relationship norms. The study uses the approach of the experimental research. In Experiment 1, with the watch as the experimental product and the advertisement as the online scene, 62 subjects in the pre-experiment and 132 subjects in the formal experiment are recruited to verify the main effect of brand ritual on online word-of-mouth communication. In Experiment 2, with the tea bag as the experimental product and the online press conference as the online scene, 73 subjects in the pre-experiment and 185 subjects in the formal experiment are recruited to verify the mediating role of flow experience in the impact of brand ritual on online word-of-mouth communication. In Experiment 3, with the scented candle as the experimental product and the promotional video of the e-commerce store as the online scene, 81 subjects in the pre-experiment and 269 subjects in the formal experiment are recruited to verify the moderating role of consumer–brand relationship norms in the impact of brand ritual on online word-of-mouth communication/flow experience. The results show that brand ritual is more effective in promoting online word-of-mouth communication than random action, flow experience plays a completely mediating role in the impact of brand ritual on online word-of-mouth communication, and consumer–brand relationship norms play a moderating role in the impact of brand ritual on online word-of-mouth communication/flow experience. The study not only reveals the impact mechanism of brand ritual on online word-of-mouth communication, but also provides strong guidance for companies to utilize brand ritual, flow experience, and consumer–brand relationship norms to promote online word-of-mouth communication.

Francis Tuerlinckx

Psychometrics and quantitative psychology rely strongly on statistical models to measure psychological processes. As a branch of mathematics, geometry is inherently connected to measurement and focuses on properties such as distance and volume. However, despite the common root of measurement, geometry is currently not used a lot in psychological measurement. In this paper, my aim is to illustrate how ideas from non-Euclidean geometry may be relevant for psychometrics.

Yu Chen, Hongwei Lin, Jiacong Yan

Widely employed in cognitive psychology, Gestalt theory elucidates basic principles in visual perception. However, the Gestalt principles are validated mainly by psychological experiments, lacking quantitative research supports and theoretical coherence. In this paper, we utilize persistent homology, a mathematical tool in computational topology, to develop a unified computational model for Gestalt principles, addressing the challenges of quantification and computation. On the one hand, the Gestalt computational model presents quantitative supports for Gestalt theory. On the other hand, it shows that the Gestalt principles can be uniformly calculated using persistent homology, thus developing a coherent theory for Gestalt principles in computation. Moreover, it is anticipated that the Gestalt computational model can serve as a significant computational model in the field of computational psychology, and help the understanding of human being visual perception.

Michael Pichat, Enola Campoli, William Pogrund et al.

Neuropsychology of artificial intelligence focuses on synthetic neural cog nition as a new type of study object within cognitive psychology. With the goal of making artificial neural networks of language models more explainable, this approach involves transposing concepts from cognitive psychology to the interpretive construction of artificial neural cognition. The human cognitive concept involved here is categorization, serving as a heuristic for thinking about the process of segmentation and construction of reality carried out by the neural vectors of synthetic cognition.

Martina Barbera, Amelia Rizzo

Although previous studies have investigated factors contributing to compulsive shopping, the specific role of alexithymia and its influence on emotional regulation in predicting this behavior remains underexplored. The study explores the link between alexithymia and compulsive shopping in young adults, focusing on whether emotional regulation difficulties predict problematic shopping behavior. A sample of 220 Italian young adults was assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Shopping Behaviour Scale (SBS). Multiple regression analysis revealed that alexithymia's three dimensions explained 4.8% of the variance in compulsive shopping. Externally oriented thinking was the only significant predictor, while difficulty identifying and describing feelings were not. The findings suggest that individuals more focused on external realities are at higher risk for compulsive shopping. Improving emotional awareness and regulation may help reduce this behavior in young adults.

Adrianna Grabizna

At each introduction of a new edition of psychiatric classifications, a vivid debate resurfaces and concerns their very validity: should classifications be based on etiology or should they be descriptive, based on observation, and not on some or other theories of etiopathogenesis? I shift the attention to the philosophical aspect of the debate. Psychiatric classifications employ (and have always employed) taxonomic methodology but in fact are not (and never were) based on biological mechanisms leading to mental disorders. Therefore I tried to catch the moment where certain observable features, recognized as symptoms, begins to be perceived as an ontologically independent entities and we start to think that nosological units must have a specific cause (e.g. a neuropathogenesis), which is simply reflected in the diagnostic picture. I tried to catch the moment, when by naming, classifying and diagnosing, we, in a sense, create objects. Then I show how from there we can slide into objectification: we can stop to see a person and start to an illness.

J. Rappaport, E. Seidman

A. Koriat, M. Goldsmith, Ainat Pansky

D. Matsumoto