Abstract Background How accurate are empathic judgments of couples in smartphone messenger communication? Are judgments influenced by the level of experience with messengers and communication frequency?. Objectives The current preregistered study introduced a novel ecological assessment method and a privacy by design approach to study couples’ empathic accuracy in a messenger context. Methods Data from N = 102 participants (51 couples) was used to investigate how accurate judgments of partners’ affect map their partners’ actual affect. Results Our results demonstrate tracking accuracy and assumed similarity bias in reciprocal empathic judgments of affective valence and arousal during social messenger texting. A small moderation effect for experience with text messengers was found, indicating that partners with higher experience have a higher bias of assumed similarity when rating their partner’s valence. A small moderation effect for communication frequency confirms that higher messenger communication frequency is associated with more accurate judgments of arousal. Conclusion These results point to the reciprocal action of accuracy and bias in couples’ messenger communication and the distinct influences of experience and usage. The feasibility and further application of the ecological messenger-based assessment of couples’ empathic accuracy in interpersonal research are discussed.
Adolescents’ perception and recognition of sexual harassment (SH) are shaped by several psychosocial variables, including gender norms, emotional responses, and ideological beliefs (such as sexism). This study specifically aimed to investigate the mediating roles of moral disengagement and emotional responses in the relationship between tolerance of SH and recognition of harassment scenarios, while considering gender as a moderator. The sample included 380 high-school students (55.3% female, 44.7% male), aged between 14 and 18 years (M<sub>age</sub> = 15.71, SD<sub>age</sub> = 0.87). No significant direct association was found between attitudes toward sexually harassing behaviour (TSHI) and recognition of potential harassing scenario (assessed by the Sexual Harassment Definitions Questionnaire—SHDO). However, TSHI was indirectly associated with SHDO through two distinct mediational pathways. On the one hand, higher tolerance of sexual harassment was associated with increased moral disengagement, which in turn was related to lower recognition of SH. On the other hand, it was associated with reduced negative emotional reactions, which were in turn associated with greater recognition of harassment. Additionally, gender differences emerged: females demonstrated greater ability to identify harassment scenarios and reported stronger negative emotional reactions. Overall, these findings highlight the role of psychosocial mechanisms in shaping adolescents’ recognition of harassment situations.
The paper explores Michael Novak’s understanding of the human person and his normative case for the market economy, specifically its points of agreement and tension with natural rights libertarianism. For Michael Novak, the imago dei provides the strongest account for the relationship between the market economy, human dignity, and natural rights. Rationalistic attempts, such as those within libertarianism, cannot adequately ground human dignity or sustain free institutions capable of serving the common good, the market economy, and political liberty. However, Novak’s affinity to his libertarian interlocutors presents an opportunity for dialogue on the necessity of economic freedom and related theological influences on natural rights theory for securing human flourishing.
Offentlige debatter om religiøse ritualer preges ofte av at ulike verdier, ideologier og livssyn kolliderer. Rituell omskjæring av gutter er et religiøst ritual som har vært gjenstand for mye offentlig debatt i Norge, spesielt de siste 10 årene. I denne artikkelen undersøker jeg hva som kjennetegner den medisinske debatten om omskjæring i Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening mellom 2012 og 2016, og hvordan den preges av normkonflikt. Debatten oppstod i kjølvannet av Helse- og omsorgsdepartementets lovforslag om rituell omskjæring av gutter i 2011. Selv om lovforslaget hovedsakelig omhandlet hvem som kunne utføre inngrepet, omhandler debatten i tidsskriftet hvorvidt ritualet i det hele tatt bør tillates i Norge og i helsevesenet. I denne artikkelen drøfter jeg hvordan et religiøst ritual blir debattert i et medisinsk tidsskrift, hvorfor debatten fremstår så polarisert og uoversiktlig, og hvordan forholdet mellom «sekularitet» og «religion» fremstilles og diskuteres i en medisinsk kontekst. Mitt hovedfunn er at debatten mangler et felles normgrunnlag for å diskutere rituell omskjæring. Dette gjør at partene snakker forbi hverandre, og i siste instans angriper hverandres standpunkter og etos. Språket preges også av et utpreget skille mellom et «sekulært oss» og et «religiøst dem», noe som vanskeliggjør mulighetene for en saklig og fruktbar debatt.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Religion (General)
Emroni Emroni, Abduh Amri, Raihanatul Jannah
et al.
This study aims to analyze the strengthening of the quality of human resources to build religious moderation in the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Sullamut Taufiq, Banjarmasin and the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Islam, Banjarmasin. This research used a qualitative case study, where data were obtained from interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results of the study show that strengthening the quality of human resources to build religious moderation is carried out through strengthening national commitment through flag ceremonies and learning activities, accommodating to local culture shown in habituation activities and acculturation of madrasa activities, curricular learning, habituation activities, the commemoration of Islamic holidays. This research has implications for the importance of human resources in the success of religious moderation activities in schools so that the spirit of nationalism, patriotism and inclusivism is optimally awakened.
The mental pressure caused by having a deaf child has tremendous effects on mothers. This pressure leads to psychological distress and parenting stress for mothers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the training protocol based on acceptance and commitment on the psychological distress and parenting stress of mothers with deaf children. The current research was a semi-experimental type with pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population was all mothers with deaf children in Tehran. Among these mothers, 30 mothers were selected by available sampling method and then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups equally. The instrument of this study was the scale of psychological distress and stress of the overbearing child. The sessions of the experimental group consisted of 8 90-minute sessions of acceptance and commitment-based therapy (Bond et al., 2011), which were implemented as a group. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that the training protocol based on acceptance and commitment has led to the reduction of psychological distress and parenting stress of mothers (p<0.05). Based on the obtained results, the training protocol based on acceptance and commitment is effective in reducing psychological distress and reducing parenting stress. The results of this study can be effective in helping to reduce the psychological problems of families with deaf children and thus reducing the mental health costs of these families.
The reviewed Jewish Philosophy in an Analytic Age is a unique collection of essays that combine analytical philosophy to the Jewish religion. Analytical approach has been widely applied to Christianity since the 1980s and marked the legitimization of analytical philosophy of religion. This turn is primarily associated with the names of Alvin Plantinga, Richard Swinburne and others. At the same time the texts by Jewish religious philosophers are rarely, if ever, considered through the prism of analytical philosophy of religion and analytical theology. This collection of essays is not only valuable because of its exceptional nature: the authors of the essays touch upon important topics of religious philosophy, such as the correlation of the freedom of choice and a divine knowledge of the future, the epistemological distinction of faith and belief, moral justification for lying, the problem of evil, etc. The extensive Discussion part, written by Tzvi Novick from the Theology Department of the University of Notre Dame, presents the author’s attitude towards the approach taken in the book. Readers are encouraged to think of the very essence of Jewish philosophy and possibly review its understanding. The analytical approach found in the essays sometimes transcends the boundaries of the analytical philosophy of religion, contributes to the modernization of Jewish religious and philosophical works, and introduces these texts to the domain of modern analytical philosophy. The latter is achieved through analytical generalization of Jewish texts, making them universal. The abovementioned features make the book worth reading by scholars, researches, and all those interested in the modern philosophy and the study of Jewish religion.
Alexandre Augusto de Deus Pontual, Alexandre Augusto de Deus Pontual, Luís Fernando Tófoli
et al.
Recent studies have recognized the importance of non-pharmacological factors such as setting to induce or promote mystical experiences or challenging experiences among ayahuasca users. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the setting in which ayahuasca is consumed and the intensity of mystical and challenging experiences considering three ayahuasca using traditions (União do Vegetal, Santo Daime and neo-shamanic groups). A cross-sectional analysis was performed on survey data collected online from 2,751 participants. The Setting Questionnaire for the Ayahuasca Experience (SQAE) was used to evaluate six dimensions of the setting characteristics. The Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) were used to quantify the psychedelic experience. Ratings on every SQAE setting dimension were negatively correlated with ratings of the CEQ (r values between 0.21 and 0.36) for all ayahuasca using traditions. Regression analysis revealed that ratings on four SQAE dimensions (Social, Comfort, Infrastructure and Decoration) explained 41% of the variance in CEQ ratings. Associations between SQAE and MEQ ratings were relatively weak and confined to the dimensions Leadership and Comfort, explaining 14% of the variance in MEQ ratings. Ratings of Social context were higher among members of União do Vegetal compared to Santo Daime and neo-shamanic members. Ratings of Infrastructure, Comfort and Decoration were more consistently correlated with MEQ in the neoshamanic tradition compared to the other traditions. This study shows that the setting is an important moderator of a challenging experience under ayahuasca. Maximizing the quality of the setting in which ayahuasca is taken will reduce the chance of a challenging experience while contributing positively to a mystical experience. The present findings can be considered when designing rituals and the (social) environment of ayahuasca ceremonies, and indicate that the SQAE questionnaire can be employed to monitor the influence of ceremonial settings on the ayahuasca experience.
La traduzione rispetta sia la forma linguistica che la struttura compositiva del testo originale. Per questo motivo si è ritenuto di non dover tradurre le definizioni green religion, dark green religion, spiritual but not religious e greening of religion in quanto non ci sono corrispettivi italiani già in uso che rendano la complessità delle suddette categorie. Riteniamo che i termini possano risultare comunque comprensibili ad un pubblico italofono che si approcci al testo.
Bedreddin ez-Zerkeşî (ö. 794/1392), Bahrî Memlüklerdöneminde Kahire’de dünyaya gelmiş, orada yetişmiş veİslâmî ilimlerin hemen her alanında altmıştan fazla esertelif etmiş çok yönlü bir âlimdir. Hayatı boyunca ilmeve araştırmaya olan düşkünlüğü ile tanınmış ve sade birhayat yaşamıştır. Zerkeşî, Kur’ân ve fıkıh ilminde olduğukadar, hadis ilminde de ortaya koyduğu önemli eserlerlekendinden söz ettirmeyi başarmıştır. Halk arasındahadis diye bilinen ancak aslı olmayan sözleri ilk defa bireserde toplaması, önemli fıkıh eserlerindeki hadisleredair telif ettiği tahric eserleri, Buhârî’nin Sahîh’i üzerineyazdığı şerhleri, İbnü’s-Salâh’ın Mukaddime’sine hadisilminin önde gelen isimleriyle birlikte nüket yazarakdönemin hadis tartışmalarına müdâhil olması ve bunungibi daha birçok husus, İbn Hacer’in de ifade ettiği gibionun hadis ilmiyle çokça meşgul olduğunu ve bu ilmeolan vukûfi yetini göstermektedir. Zerkeşî, kısa fakatilmî açıdan bereketli bir hayat sürerek fıkıh ve hadisbaşta olmak üzere İslâmî ilimlerin hemen her alanınaönemli katkılarda bulunmuş ilmî bir şahsiyettir. Buçalışmada onun hayatı ile birlikte hadisçiliği, hadis ilminedair telif ettiği eserler esas alınarak değerlendirilmeyeçalışılacaktır.
Guliz Senormanci, Cetin Turan, Omer Senormanci
et al.
The aim of the study was to compare psychiatric symptoms, burnout, hopelessness and depression between first-degree caregivers of dependent patients and control groups and to investigate the relation between emotional expression, psychiatric symptoms, burnout, hopelessness, depression and clinical features in relatives of the dependent group. The sample consisted of 40 participants who were primary caregiving relatives of dependent patients with history of at least one year dependence and being treated for dependence in in-patient or out-patient clinics and 40 participants with similar age, education year, gender, and marital status with relative group and with no history of psychiatric admission. Written informed consent was provided and demographic data form, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Beck Depression Scale (BDS), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were administered. Expressed Emotion Scale (EES) was only administered in relatives of the dependent group. In the present study, negative expectation score and total score of BHS were significantly higher than the control group in relatives of dependent patients. SCL-90-R somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety and additional scales scores of the relatives of dependent patients were significantly higher than the control group. There was a positive correlation between the education year and the EES subscales and total scores. There was a positive correlation between the EES overprotective attitudes and total score of BHS. There was a negative correlation between BHS total score and the EES judgmental/hostile attitudes and additional scales.As a result, being relatives of patients with dependence was found to be associated with burnout, depression, hopelessness, and the risk of developing mental illness. [JCBPR 2019; 8(1.000): 33-42]
Increasing customer satisfaction is a demand that must be implemented, because by increasing customer satisfaction then the existence of Islamic banking can be maintained. Although the level of competition sharia financial institutions are also getting tighter. One of the instruments that can increase customer satisfaction is the quality of banking services.This research is quantitative research which aims to know how big influence of service quality of bank to customer satisfaction at BTN Syariah Kc Surabaya. From the results of research conducted with independent variables of quality of banking services with indicators of physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, sharia compliance. Through incidental sampling technique with 100 respondents and questionnaire distribution method can be concluded that the quality of banking services in BTN Syariah Kc Surabaya as a whole affects customer satisfaction.
Autorius, remdamasis ilgamečiu Vilniaus internatinės mokyklos Nr. 2 auklėtinių stebėjimu, pagrindžia protiškai atsilikusių vaikų darbinio auklėjimo individualizavimą. Straipsnyje pateikiami 211 dirbančių mokyklos auklėtinių stebėjimų duomenys.
An important aspect of university life is romantic relationships. Research has showed these relationships effect major areas of youth function such as close relationships, identity development, sexual development, and peer relationships. The present study examined the gender differences in attachment style and personality traits in love styles among university students. For this purpose, among Ardebil university students, 200 participants were selected based on random sampling. Participants were responded the HEXACO Personality Inventory (Ashton & Lee, 2004), attachment styles scale (Colins & Reed, 1990) and Love Attitude Scale (Hendric & Hendric, 1989). The investigation of gender differences in love styles showed that boys reported higher scores in ludus and pragma and girls reported higher scores in eros (P< 0/01, P< 0/05). Also regression analyses showed that, in boys, conscientiousness, and in girls close attachment were as a significant predictor of eros. Also, in boys, honesty-humility predicts ludus, and anxious attachment and agreeableness predict pragma. In girls, emotionality and anxious attachment predict pragma (P
Efraín Gaytán Jiménez, Manuel Rosales González, Humberto Reyes Hernández
et al.
In Mexico, like in other Latin-American countries, mental and cognitive disorders in childhood have become more relevant because of the social and economic impact either at individual, familial or community level. Due to limitations in health care systems, the prevalence of these conditions in children is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of behavioral, emotional and cognitive difficulties in children with different levels of marginalization, living in the metropolitan area of La Laguna, Mexico. An analytical observational cross-sectional study was conducted. The prevalence of ADHD was 14.7% and for anxiety was 15.4%. Cognitive impairment was observed in 25.4% of the sample. Children living in the area with the highest level of marginalization had nine times more risk to present cognitive impairment compared with a low marginalization group, whereas for the medium marginalization group, the risk was six times higher than the low marginalization group. The results demonstrated a high impact of social vulnerability in cognitive development.
Mariana Arismendi, Angel Tabullo, Sergio Vernis
et al.
En este trabajo se utilizó una gramática artificial, consistente en una serie de reglas que especifican posibles órdenes de secuencias de letras, para evaluar la capacidad de transferencia de los sujetos, esto es la extracción de estas reglas y su aplicación a patrones de letras novedosas. Para ello 57 sujetos se asignaron aleatoriamente a dos formas de entrenamiento: una estándar donde debían memorizar y transcribir las secuencias correctas (gramaticales), y otra donde debían discriminar por ensayo y error entre secuencias correctas e incorrectas (no gramaticales) mediante un procedimiento de realimentación. Con esta forma de entrenamiento se obtuvieron desempeños significativamente mejores que con el procedimiento estándar. Se discuten los resultados en el contexto de la aplicación de las gramáticas artificiales como paradigma experimental para el estudio de los procesos subyacentes a la adquisición del lenguaje.<br>In this work an artificial grammar has been used, which consists in a set of rules that specifies possible orders of strings of letters, to evaluate subjects ability to transfer the extracted rules and implement these to patterns of novel letters. 57 subjects were randomly assigned to two learning procedures: a standard one in which they had to memorize and transcribe the correct (grammatical) sequences, and one in which they had to discriminate between correct and incorrect (ungrammatical) sequences by use of a feedback procedure. Subjects trained with the feedback procedure had a significantly better performance than subjects trained with the standard one. These results are discussed in the context of the implementation of artificial grammar as an experimental paradigm for studying processes underlying language acquisition.