Hasil untuk "Pharmaceutical industry"

A. Proudfoot

Chemokines and their receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases ranging from asthma to AIDS. Chemokine receptors are G-protein-coupled serpentine receptors that present attractive tractable targets for the pharmaceutical industry. It is only ten years since the first chemokine receptor was discovered, and the rapidly expanding number of antagonists holds promise for new medicines to combat diseases that are currently incurable. Here, I focus on the rationale for developing antagonists of chemokine receptors for inflammatory disorders and AIDS, and the accumulating evidence that favours this strategy despite the apparent redundancy in the chemokine system.

C. Fenselau, P. Demirev

R. Veugelers, B. Cassiman

Wilbur Chung, Juan Alcácer

Alphaeus Dmonte, Vidhi Gupta, Daniel J Perry et al.

Fine-tuning a task-specific multilingual large language model (LLM) involves training the model on a multilingual dataset with examples in all the required languages. Updating one or more supported languages with additional data or adding support for a new language involves retraining the model, which can be computationally inefficient and creates a severe maintenance bottleneck. Recent research on merging multilingual multitask models has shown promise in terms of improved quality, but its computational and maintenance efficiency remains unstudied. In this work, we provide the first focused analysis of this merging strategy from an efficiency perspective, evaluating it across three independent tasks. We demonstrate significant efficiency gains while maintaining parity in terms of quality: this merging approach reduces the initial training time by up to 50\%. We also demonstrate that updating an individual language and re-merging as part of model maintenance reduces training costs by more than 60\%, compared to re-training the full multilingual model. We show this on both public and proprietary industry datasets confirming that the approach works well for industrial use cases in addition to academic settings already studied in previous work.

Larissa Couto-Rosa, Maria Eduarda Silva Pinto, Emanuelle Gomes de Sá et al.

Introdução: Pessoas com hipertensão arterial (HA) são mais propensas a desenvolver eventos cardiovasculares negativos. Fatores de risco modificáveis podem ser alvos de intervenções por profissionais da saúde, dentre eles o farmacêutico. Entretanto, há poucos estudos que abordam a atuação desse profissional na gestão do Risco Cardiovascular (RCV). Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de intervenções farmacêuticas no RCV de pessoas com HA em um município no sul do Espírito Santo. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental do tipo antes e depois, realizado de Janeiro/2022 a Dezembro/2023, com pacientes com HA atendidos por 3 farmacêuticas clínicas. Foi realizada coleta de dados sociodemográficos, pressão arterial e perfil lipídico, em 3 tempos (T0, T1, T2). O RCV foi calculado pelo Escore de Risco de Framingham (FRS), que prevê o risco de eventos cardiovasculares em 10 anos. As intervenções realizadas foram classificadas em: diretas sobre o RCV (pressão arterial e/ou dislipidemias); indiretas sobre o RCV (estilo de vida, obesidade, diabetes, e/ou doenças cardiovasculares) e outras intervenções. Estatística descritiva e ANOVA foram utilizados para análise. Considerações éticas foram observadas (CAAE 13586319.6.0000.8151 | Parecer nº 4.733.878). Resultado e Conclusão: Participaram do estudo 66 pacientes, sendo 70,3% (n=45) do sexo feminino, 63,5±10,3 anos. Foram registradas 476 intervenções, sendo 358 focadas no RCV e 118 em outras situações. Dentre as com foco no RCV, 220 intervenções diretas sobre pressão arterial (n=154) e dislipidemias (n=66); e 138 intervenções indiretas sobre diabetes (n=84), DCV (n=21), estilo de vida (n=27) e obesidade (n=6). Observou-se redução significativa nos valores de PA e no perfil lipídico, a saber: PA: entre T0 and T1 (∆ = -9.47 mmHg, p = 0.014) e entre T0 entre T2 (∆ = -8.62 mmHg, p = 0.007); Colesterol não HDL: entre T0 e T1 (∆ = -19.76 mg/dL, p < 0.001) e entre T0 e T2 (∆ = -19.69 mg/dL, p = 0.001); LDL: entre T0 e T1 (∆ = -15.70 mg/dL, p < 0.001) e entre T0 e T2 (∆ = -13.69 mg/dL, p = 0.004); Consequentemente, observou-se redução significativa no escore de risco de Framingham entre T0 e T1 (Δ = -1,93 pontos, p < 0,001) e entre T1 e T2 (Δ = -1,87 pontos, p < 0,001). Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam que as intervenções realizadas pelas farmacêuticas reduziram o risco cardiovascular dos pacientes pelos próximos 10 anos. As intervenções mostraram-se efetivas e viáveis no manejo de RCV por farmacêuticas em pessoas com HA, contribuindo, assim, na promoção da saúde e prevenção de desfechos cardiovasculares negativos.

Núbia Araújo Paiva, Sueli Carvalho Vieira, Pedro Augusto Rodrigues et al.

Introdução: A UTI neonatal (UTIN) é uma unidade de internação de alta complexidade e o papel do farmacêutico clínico é essencial no cuidado dos recém-nascidos (RNs) com foco na qualificação do cuidado ao paciente, a partir da identificação, resolução e prevenção de problemas relacionados aos medicamentos (PRMs), bem como pela atuação em conjunto com a equipe multiprofissional. Objetivo: Descrever a atuação do farmacêutico clínico na UTIN de uma maternidade escola por meio dos registros de PRMs e Intervenções Farmacêuticas (IFs) realizadas para sua resolução. Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal realizado durante o período de janeiro a junho de 2025. Os dados dos PRMs foram lançados na plataforma REDcap® pelo farmacêutico clínico da UTIN e, na ausência deste, pelo farmacêutico responsável pela análise das prescrições. O farmacêutico clínico realiza admissão farmacêutica dos pacientes internados e aplica um escore de estratificação de risco para classificar os pacientes elegíveis para seguimento farmacoterapêutico. A classificação de PRMs utilizada foi uma versão adaptada e validada do Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe - PCNE v.9.1. Resultado e Conclusão: Durante o período do estudo, a taxa média de admissão farmacêutica com aplicação do escore de risco foi de 77% e a taxa média de seguimento farmacoterapêutico foi de 86%. No período também foram identificados 517 PRMs, sendo 240 (46%) do tipo Efetividade, 189 (37%) do tipo Segurança, 29 (6%) PRMs de Indicação e 57 (11%) do tipo outros, sendo esses relacionados a informações incompletas/ausentes nas prescrições. As principais causas dos PRMs identificados foram relacionadas ao processo de administração do medicamento (56%), seleção da dose (25%), seleção do medicamento (9%), e outros (10%). Os principais motivos dos PRMs envolvendo a administração dos medicamentos foram os intervalos entre as doses, cálculo ou velocidades de infusão inadequados. Para resolução desses PRMs o farmacêutico realizou 517 intervenções, sendo 54% (n= 279) com prescritores e 46% (n= 237) com a equipe de enfermagem. Houve aceitação em 94% das intervenções realizadas, sendo 83% aceitas e totalmente implementadas e 11% aceitas, mas parcialmente implementadas. Dos PRMs identificados, 58% foram pelo farmacêutico clínico da UTIN. Durante o período analisado foi identificado um número considerável de PRMs detectados pelo farmacêutico, sendo mais frequentes os PRMs relacionados à efetividade do tratamento (46%), seguidos dos PRMs envolvendo a segurança do mesmo (37%) e indicação (6%), sendo esses últimos detectados somente pelo farmacêutico clínico. Sendo assim, o farmacêutico clínico inserido na unidade mostrou uma maior probabilidade de detecção e prevenção de PRMs. Esse estudo mostrou a importância da análise técnica das prescrições realizada pelo farmacêutico clínico, visando garantir a efetividade e a segurança da farmacoterapia, bem como a qualidade assistencial. Uma perspectiva futura será a avaliação do impacto das intervenções realizadas.

Americo Bonanni

In this interview, Silvio Garattini addresses the critical need for independent research free from industrial influence, and the structural challenges facing the Italian National Health Service. He also offers a candid assessment of the pharmaceutical industry and its priorities, arguing that prevention, multidisciplinarity, and scientific education are the foundations on which future generations must build a more equitable and effective approach to health.     *Professor Silvio Garattini, President of the Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri and one of world’s most distinguished pharmacologists, reflects on over six decades of biomedical research and its evolving relationship with public health.

G. Laverack

Miloš Erak, K. Bellmann-Sickert, Sylvia Els‐Heindl et al.

The development of solid phase peptide synthesis has released tremendous opportunities for using synthetic peptides in medicinal applications. In the last decades, peptide therapeutics became an emerging market in pharmaceutical industry. The need for synthetic strategies in order to improve peptidic properties, such as longer half-life, higher bioavailability, increased potency and efficiency is accordingly rising. In this mini-review, we present a toolbox of modifications in peptide chemistry for overcoming the main drawbacks during the transition from natural peptides to peptide therapeutics. Modifications at the level of the peptide backbone, amino acid side chains and higher orders of structures are described. Furthermore, we are discussing the future of peptide therapeutics development and their impact on the pharmaceutical market.

S. Stein, C. Thiel

Abstract In 1956, Riker Laboratories, Inc., (now 3 M Drug Delivery Systems) introduced the first pressurized metered dose inhaler (MDI). In many respects, the introduction of the MDI marked the beginning of the modern pharmaceutical aerosol industry. The MDI was the first truly portable and convenient inhaler that effectively delivered drug to the lung and quickly gained widespread acceptance. Since 1956, the pharmaceutical aerosol industry has experienced dramatic growth. The signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 led to a surge in innovation that resulted in the diversification of inhaler technologies with significantly enhanced delivery efficiency, including modern MDIs, dry powder inhalers, and nebulizer systems. The innovative inhalers and drugs discovered by the pharmaceutical aerosol industry, particularly since 1956, have improved the quality of life of literally hundreds of millions of people. Yet, the delivery of therapeutic aerosols has a surprisingly rich history dating back more than 3500 years to ancient Egypt. The delivery of atropine and related compounds has been a crucial inhalation therapy throughout this period and the delivery of associated structural analogs remains an important therapy today. Over the centuries, discoveries from many cultures have advanced the delivery of therapeutic aerosols. For thousands of years, therapeutic aerosols were prepared by the patient or a physician with direct oversight of the patient using custom-made delivery systems. However, starting with the Industrial Revolution, advancements in manufacturing resulted in the bulk production of therapeutic aerosol delivery systems produced by people completely disconnected from contact with the patient. This trend continued and accelerated in the 20th century with the mass commercialization of modern pharmaceutical inhaler products. In this article, we will provide a summary of therapeutic aerosol delivery from ancient times to the present along with a look to the future. We hope that you will find this chronological summary intriguing and informative.

Abdikarim Mohamed Ibrahim, Rosdiadee Nordin, Yahya S. M. Khamayseh et al.

The evolution from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 introduces stringent requirements for ultra reliable low latency communication (URLLC) to support human centric, intelligent, and resilient industrial systems. Sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks aim to meet these requirements through sub-millisecond end-to-end delays, microsecond level jitter, and near perfect reliability, enabled by advances such as terahertz (THz) communication, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), multi-access edge computing (MEC), and AI driven cross layer optimization. This paper presents a comprehensive review of URLLC solutions for 6G enabled industry 5.0, organized into a structured taxonomy including application domains, key technical enablers, design challenges, and performance enhancements. The survey examines emerging approaches, including digital twin integration, AI/ML based resource orchestration, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) enabled service function chaining, and cross domain networking, while mapping them to critical industrial scenarios such as smart manufacturing, connected healthcare, autonomous mobility, remote control, and next-generation mobile networks. Performance trade-offs between latency, reliability, scalability, and energy efficiency are analyzed in the context of representative state-of-the-art studies. Finally, the paper identifies open challenges and outlines future research directions to realize deterministic, secure, and sustainable URLLC architectures for Industry 5.0.

Felix Glawe, Laura Kremer, Luisa Vervier et al.

Collaborative robots (cobots) are a core technology of Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 uses cyber-physical systems, IoT and smart automation to improve efficiency and data-driven decision-making. Cobots, as cyber-physical systems, enable the introduction of lightweight automation to smaller companies through their flexibility, low cost and ability to work alongside humans, while keeping humans and their skills in the loop. Industry 5.0, the evolution of Industry 4.0, places the worker at the centre of its principles: The physical and mental well-being of the worker is the main goal of new technology design, not just productivity, efficiency and safety standards. Within this concept, human trust in cobots and human autonomy are important. While trust is essential for effective and smooth interaction, the workers' perception of autonomy is key to intrinsic motivation and overall well-being. As failures are an inevitable part of technological systems, this study aims to answer the question of how system failures affect trust in cobots as well as human autonomy, and how they can be recovered afterwards. Therefore, a VR experiment (n = 39) was set up to investigate the influence of a cobot failure and its severity on human autonomy and trust in the cobot. Furthermore, the influence of transparent communication about the failure and next steps was investigated. The results show that both trust and autonomy suffer after cobot failures, with the severity of the failure having a stronger negative impact on trust, but not on autonomy. Both trust and autonomy can be partially restored by transparent communication.

Antoine Houssard

In the field of artificial intelligence (AI) research, there seems to be a rapprochement between academics and industrial forces. The aim of this study is to assess whether and to what extent industrial domination in the field as well as the ever more frequent switch between academia and industry resulted in the adoption of industrial norms and practices by academics. Using bibliometric information and data on scientific code, we aimed to understand academic and industrial researchers' practices, the way of choosing, investing, and succeeding across multiple and concurrent artifacts. Our results show that, although both actors write papers and code, their practices and the norms guiding them differ greatly. Nevertheless, it appears that the presence of industrials in academic studies leads to practices leaning toward the industrial side, but also to greater success in both artifacts, suggesting that if convergence is, then it is passing through those mixed teams rather than through pure academic or industrial studies.

Xing-Juan Xiao, Ning-Guo Liu, Jian Ma et al.

During our investigation of saprobic fungi in southwestern China, three micro-hyphomycetous fungi were isolated from dead wood in freshwater and terrestrial habitats in Guizhou Province. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, and SSU sequences, performed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods, confirmed that these isolates belong to Kirschsteiniothelia. Based on distinct morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic evidence, we describe three new species: Kirschsteiniothelia guizhouensis, K. weiningensis, and K. xishuiensis. Furthermore, the effectiveness of three DNA markers for species-level identification within Kirschsteiniothelia was evaluated using Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) analysis, which identified the ITS nucleotide sequences as the most reliable marker for species differentiation within the genus.

Cícero Quintão Celestino, Samilla Dornellas Faria, Ronaldo Portela et al.

Objetivos: Realizar uma avaliação de minimização de custos da intercambialidade potencial entre medicamentos prescritos, sob a perspectiva do cliente, considerando informações da Far.me, uma startup que oferece o serviço de organização e entrega de medicamentos individualizados. Métodos: Foi realizada uma avaliação retrospectiva com dados de 15 clientes da empresa que haviam cancelado a assinatura de entrega de medicamentos devido ao custo. Coletaram-se dados das prescrições médicas e identificou-se os medicamentos possíveis de serem intercambiáveis. Utilizou-se os preços praticados pela startup em agosto de 2023. Resultados: A análise dos dados mostrou que os custos mensais dos tratamentos prescritos variaram de R$131,00 e R$1.219,66, enquanto os custos dos medicamentos potencialmente intercambiáveis variaram de R$98,00 a R$903,78. Observou-se uma economia potencial entre 9,60% a 55,00% do custo mensal por paciente. Conclusões: A intercambialidade entre medicamentos pode gerar economia significativa para os pacientes, variando de acordo com os princípios ativos e as marcas. Essa prática pode reduzir os gastos com medicamentos quando há disponibilidade de opções intercambiáveis. Ademais, o estudo destaca a importância de iniciativas como a criação de startups que oferecem serviços farmacêuticos com foco na segurança, eficácia e economia dos tratamentos dos pacientes, considerando as demandas e fragilidades financeiras dos pacientes.

Carlos Albarrán Morillo, Micaela Demichela, John F. Suárez-Pérez et al.

The new paradigm descending from Industry 4.0, known as Industry 5.0, emphasizes the significance of human-centric factors and ergonomics in industrial processes. Creating an ergonomic workplace involves considering not only physical aspects but also cognitive, environmental and organizational factors. This holistic approach is vital for enhancing human productivity, satisfaction, and safety. In the Industry 4.0 landscape, the integration of ergonomics with advanced technologies provides comprehensive data for accurately assessing occupational hazards. This paper proposes an ergonomic assessment method employing a set of non-invasive wearable devices to monitor workers' activities and physiological metrics, complemented by subjective self-assessment questionnaires, during their shifts. This approach is implemented in a real-world setting within the pharmaceutical sector, where manual work involves repetitive motion tasks, making workers susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders and high stress levels. The findings demonstrate that implementing ergonomic evaluations can help the organization identify risks, ultimately enhancing operator well-being, safety, and productivity.

Atheer Awad, Sarah J Trenfield, A. Goyanes et al.

The pharmaceutical industry stands on the brink of a revolution, calling for the recognition and embracement of novel techniques. 3D printing (3DP) is forecast to reshape the way in which drugs are designed, manufactured, and used. Although a clear trend towards personalised fabrication is perceived, here we accentuate the merits and shortcomings of each technology, providing insights into aspects such as the efficiency of production, global supply, and logistics. Contemporary opportunities for 3DP in drug discovery and pharmaceutical development and manufacturing are unveiled, offering a forward-looking view on its potential uses as a digitised tool for personalised dispensing of drugs.

Lukas Walter, Clemens Sauerwein, Daniel W. Woods

Security conferences are important venues for information sharing, where academics and practitioners share knowledge about new attacks and state-of-the-art defenses. Despite their importance, researchers have not systematically examined who shares information and which security topics are discussed. To address this gap, our paper characterizes the speakers, sponsors, and topics presented at prestigious academic and industry security conferences. We compile a longitudinal dataset containing 9,728 abstracts and 1,686 sponsors across four academic and six industry conferences. Our findings show limited information sharing between industry and academia. Conferences vary significantly in how equitably talks and authorship are distributed across individuals. The topics of academic and industry abstracts display consistent coverage of techniques within the MITRE ATT&CK framework. Top-tier academic conferences, as well as DEFCON and Black Hat, address the governance, response, and recovery functions of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework inconsistently. Commercial information security and insurance conferences (RSA, Gartner, Advisen and NetDiligence) more consistently cover the framework. Prevention and detection were the most common topics in the sample period, with no clear temporal trends.

Alexander Windmann, Philipp Wittenberg, Marvin Schieseck et al.

In Industry 4.0, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) generate vast data sets that can be leveraged by Artificial Intelligence (AI) for applications including predictive maintenance and production planning. However, despite the demonstrated potential of AI, its widespread adoption in sectors like manufacturing remains limited. Our comprehensive review of recent literature, including standards and reports, pinpoints key challenges: system integration, data-related issues, managing workforce-related concerns and ensuring trustworthy AI. A quantitative analysis highlights particular challenges and topics that are important for practitioners but still need to be sufficiently investigated by academics. The paper briefly discusses existing solutions to these challenges and proposes avenues for future research. We hope that this survey serves as a resource for practitioners evaluating the cost-benefit implications of AI in CPS and for researchers aiming to address these urgent challenges.