Hasil untuk "Musical instruction and study"

Lusi Wang, Krisada Daoruang

This study investigated the teaching materials for popular piano for undergraduate students at regular universities. First, through a review of the literature, we found that there are few studies on popular piano teaching materials in China, and existing research is insufficiently in-depth. Academic research primarily focuses on classical piano and popular music, whereas research on popular piano mainly focuses on social research. The few popular piano teaching materials focus exclusively on amateurs. Then, through surveys and in-depth interviews with students, teachers and administrators in colleges and universities, we found that there are several key challenges and needs in popular piano teaching, including the lack of professional tutorials, insufficient support for improvisation, and the mismatch between existing resources and the specific needs of Chinese students. To address these problems, we developed a new textbook for undergraduate students of popular music, focusing on improving students' grasp of various styles, beginning with rhythm, harmony, and accompaniment, and gradually advancing their performance skills across these styles. Based on these surveys, the study recommends strengthening the curriculum, localizing instructional materials, enhancing teachers' professional development, and expanding performance opportunities for students. This study emphasizes the importance of combining technical ability with creative expression in popular music education to cultivate long-term musical creativity and performance skills.

Yiran Feng

Cute Candelario

The Department of Education issued Memorandum DM-CI-2020-000, titled “Clarification on the Use of the Most Essential Learning Competencies,” which served as the primary reference in determining appropriate learning delivery approaches suited to the local context and learner diversity. Guided by this directive, the present study aimed to develop and evaluate researcher-made instructional materials and audio-visual presentations that utilized locally mapped folk songs of Cuartero, integrated to deliver competencies in Music 7. Anchored in the Theory of Contextualization and Localization, the study employed a developmental research design that involved analyzing least-learned competencies, designing instructional modules, and expert validation of modules aligned with DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies. Data were gathered through a Google Form administered to 30 purposively selected MAPEH 7 teachers from four secondary schools in the District of Cuartero, through which six Least Developed Learning Competencies in Music 7 were identified. The instructional materials and audio-visual presentations were subsequently validated by DepEd experts using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Results revealed high acceptability across all indicators. The printed materials were rated very acceptable, receiving perfect scores for both content and technical quality. Similarly, the audio-visual presentations were rated very acceptable as non-print materials, also earning perfect scores for content and overall presentation. These findings confirm that the developed learning materials met the LRMDS standards and were recommended for use. The study affirms that integrating local folk songs into the teaching and learning process fosters student interest, enhances motivation, and deepens appreciation of the cultural roots of musical sensibility. Thus, the developed instructional materials serve not only as pedagogical tools but also as a repository of Cuarteronhon oral tradition—preserving local music heritage while promoting cultural appreciation.

Raja Zulkarnain Raja Mohd Yusof

This article examines the pedagogical transmission of çarpma, a characteristic articulatory technique in Turkish oud performance practice, and its introduction into Malaysian gambus pedagogy between 2005 and 2025. In Turkish makam-based music, çarpma functions as a rapid articulatory device that activates neighboring pitches without fully re-articulating each note, shaping melodic flow, rhythmic nuance, and modal expression. While central to Turkish conservatory pedagogy, this technique was not evident within documented Malaysian gambus instructional practice during the early 2000s, based on the author’s autoethnographic observations following his return from oud studies in London in 2002. Drawing on ethnomusicological pedagogy, historical lineage analysis, and practice-based documentation, the study traces a transmission pathway from Turkish oud traditions through Iraqi institutional contexts associated with Şerif Muhiddin Targan, Munir Bashir, and Naseer Shamma, to Beit al-Oud in Cairo, where the author formally encountered a pedagogically codified realization of çarpma in 2005. This realization employs paired right-hand pick attacks on the principal pitch, each followed by a left-hand hammer articulation to the upper neighboring pitch, forming repeated articulatory units during descending maqām motion. The article documents the systematic introduction of this technique into Malaysian gambus instruction at ASWARA, UiTM, UPSI, and IIUM through studio teaching, technical exercises, and taqsīm-based application. Methodologically, the study integrates autoethnographic reflection, pedagogical analysis, and comparative performance observation to examine how this paired çarpma articulation reshaped articulation norms, improvisational vocabulary, and aural perception of maqām among Malaysian students. The findings demonstrate that the author’s systematic introduction of çarpma into Malaysian gambus instructional practice from 2005 onward marked a pedagogical shift, whereby a previously undocumented articulatory technique became a mechanism for mediating embodied musical knowledge and stylistic awareness within localized gambus practice.

Alexandra-Ștefania Ghezea, Marius Stoica, Silvia Teodorescu et al.

Aim. This paper emphasizes aspects regarding the development of the competitive aerobic gymnastics wherein Romania continuously imposed itself as one of the best competitors in the world. The aim of this study is to identify the most relevant aspects generated by the 2017 – 2020/2021 and 2022 – 2024 FIG Code of points as well as the future challenges that both coaches and athletes will have to address in a scientific-based approach. Theoretical background. Explanatory arguments are presented in order to highlight historic evolution of this sport and its development in terms of specific regulations, competition systems, strategies for professionalizing coaches and training methodologies for athletes. Although scarce, the literature review reveals some key points structured on different levels: slight differences within the Codes of points regarding the structure of the difficulty elements groups, limiting the number of elements performed, specific requirements for scoring technical precision, including block Aerobic Movement Patterns (AMP), reduced floor elements, original elements combination, more acrobatic elements and „dynamic” constructions. The development trends for the competitive aerobic gymnastics require streamlining the process of long-term training, identifying and maximizing capabilities of the athletes, accurately assessing the outcomes of training and competition in order to design instructional content for future stages of the gymnasts’ sport career. From the artistic standpoint the specialists have to prove creative and innovative thinking in designing original choreographies based on variety in contents, fluid movements, musicality and expressiveness. Conclusions. Romanian teams have imposed themselves internationally since the very beginning of this competitive sport through mastering high difficulty elements and execution criterion, due to their artistic or rhythmic gymnastics training background. Maintaining top results in this sport requires raising the scores for the artistic criterion which would underline the very specificity of aerobic gymnastics and attract audience on national and international levels. Keyworks: Competitive aerobic gymnastics, Code of points, historic overview, development trends.

Bustanol Arifin, Laura Salsabilla, Heru Wardana Yoga et al.

This study explores the impact of literacy-based rhythmic gymnastics on motor skills and comprehension among first-grade students at Muhammadiyah Elementary School 8, Malang, East Java. Using a qualitative observational approach, the research highlights how this innovative learning method combines rhythmic movements with educational songs and stories, creating a holistic educational experience. Data were collected through direct observations, semi-structured interviews with teachers and parents, and documentation of student activities. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo 12 software to identify patterns related to student engagement, motor skill development, and literacy comprehension. The results reveal that rhythmic gymnastics significantly improves students' motor coordination, balance, and flexibility while enhancing their ability to follow instructions and connect movements to narratives or songs. Parents reported increased creativity as students expressed their understanding through drawing gymnastic movements. Literacy skills, such as reading, writing, and memorizing, were also positively influenced by integrating musical and storytelling elements into the activities. This study concludes that literacy-based rhythmic gymnastics is an effective, interactive, and enjoyable approach to fostering holistic child development. It recommends broader implementation in various educational settings and further exploration of its impact across different age groups and cultural contexts. This approach can potentially create meaningful and engaging learning experiences for young learners.

Merve Yavuz, Mehmet Can Pelikoğlu

Bu çalışma, hicaz makamı etkili Trabzon türkülerinde kadın figürü ve bu türkülerin müzikal analizini amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada, bu türlerin müzikal ve sosyo-kültürel bağlamda tanımlanarak Türk halk müziği içindeki yerlerinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca hicaz makamı dizisi üzerine kurulu bu eserlerin nasıl bir karakterle oluşturulduğu ve melodik yapılarının incelenmesi diğer bir amacı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma, betimsel analiz yöntemiyle yürütülmüş olup tarama modeli esas alınmıştır. Genel tarama modeli de kullanılarak TRT repertuvarında bulunan ve Trabzon yöresine ait olan kadın motifli hicaz makamı etkili bazı türküler üzerine kapsamlı bir inceleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, veriler doküman incelemesi yoluyla toplanmıştır. Bu çerçevede, çalışmada incelenen Hicaz makamı etkili eserlerden 3’ü örnek olarak seçilmiştir ve bu bağlamda, TRT repertuvarında bulunan ve Trabzon- yöresine ait olan kadın motifli ve Hicaz makam etkili türkülerin notaları, müzikal yapıları ve güfteleri detaylı bir şekilde analiz edilmiş ve ortaya konulan sonuçlar tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda, incelenen eserlerin sosyo-kültürel ve makamsal analizleri ile kadın figürünün eserlerde aktif rol oynadığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

Zhihao Ouyang, Ju-Chiang Wang, Daiyu Zhang et al.

Question-answering (QA) is a natural approach for humans to understand a piece of music audio. However, for machines, accessing a large-scale dataset covering diverse aspects of music is crucial, yet challenging, due to the scarcity of publicly available music data of this type. This paper introduces MQAD, a music QA dataset built on the Million Song Dataset (MSD), encompassing a rich array of musical features, including beat, chord, key, structure, instrument, and genre -- across 270,000 tracks, featuring nearly 3 million diverse questions and captions. MQAD distinguishes itself by offering detailed time-varying musical information such as chords and sections, enabling exploration into the inherent structure of music within a song. To compile MQAD, our methodology leverages specialized Music Information Retrieval (MIR) models to extract higher-level musical features and Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate natural language QA pairs. Then, we leverage a multimodal LLM that integrates the LLaMA2 and Whisper architectures, along with novel subjective metrics to assess the performance of MQAD. In experiments, our model trained on MQAD demonstrates advancements over conventional music audio captioning approaches. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/oyzh888/MQAD.

Stephen Ni-Hahn, Chao Péter Yang, Mingchen Ma et al.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) for music generation is undergoing rapid developments, with recent symbolic models leveraging sophisticated deep learning and diffusion model algorithms. One drawback with existing models is that they lack structural cohesion, particularly on harmonic-melodic structure. Furthermore, such existing models are largely "black-box" in nature and are not musically interpretable. This paper addresses these limitations via a novel generative music framework that incorporates concepts of Schenkerian analysis (SchA) in concert with a diffusion modeling framework. This framework, which we call ProGress (Prolongation-enhanced DiGress), adapts state-of-the-art deep models for discrete diffusion (in particular, the DiGress model of Vignac et al., 2023) for interpretable and structured music generation. Concretely, our contributions include 1) novel adaptations of the DiGress model for music generation, 2) a novel SchA-inspired phrase fusion methodology, and 3) a framework allowing users to control various aspects of the generation process to create coherent musical compositions. Results from human experiments suggest superior performance to existing state-of-the-art methods.

Qian Liang, Menghaoran Tang, Yi Zeng

Symbolic music generation has seen rapid progress with artificial neural networks, yet remains underexplored in the biologically plausible domain of spiking neural networks (SNNs), where both standardized benchmarks and comprehensive evaluation methods are lacking. To address this gap, we introduce MuSpike, a unified benchmark and evaluation framework that systematically assesses five representative SNN architectures (SNN-CNN, SNN-RNN, SNN-LSTM, SNN-GAN and SNN-Transformer) across five typical datasets, covering tonal, structural, emotional, and stylistic variations. MuSpike emphasizes comprehensive evaluation, combining established objective metrics with a large-scale listening study. We propose new subjective metrics, targeting musical impression, autobiographical association, and personal preference, that capture perceptual dimensions often overlooked in prior work. Results reveal that (1) different SNN models exhibit distinct strengths across evaluation dimensions; (2) participants with different musical backgrounds exhibit diverse perceptual patterns, with experts showing greater tolerance toward AI-composed music; and (3) a noticeable misalignment exists between objective and subjective evaluations, highlighting the limitations of purely statistical metrics and underscoring the value of human perceptual judgment in assessing musical quality. MuSpike provides the first systematic benchmark and systemic evaluation framework for SNN models in symbolic music generation, establishing a solid foundation for future research into biologically plausible and cognitively grounded music generation.

Jungwoo Kim, Minsang Kim, Sungjin Lee

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled the industry to develop various AI-based services. Instruction tuning is considered essential in adapting foundation models for target domains to provide high-quality services to customers. A key challenge in instruction tuning is obtaining high-quality instruction data. Self-Instruct, which automatically generates instruction data using ChatGPT APIs, alleviates the data scarcity problem. To improve the quality of instruction data, Self-Instruct discards many of the instructions generated from ChatGPT, even though it is inefficient in terms of cost owing to many useless API calls. To generate high-quality instruction data at a low cost, we propose a novel data generation framework, Self-Direct Instruction generation (SeDi-Instruct), which employs diversity-based filtering and iterative feedback task generation. Diversity-based filtering maintains model accuracy without excessively discarding low-quality generated instructions by enhancing the diversity of instructions in a batch. This reduces the cost of synthesizing instruction data. The iterative feedback task generation integrates instruction generation and training tasks and utilizes information obtained during the training to create high-quality instruction sets. Our results show that SeDi-Instruct enhances the accuracy of AI models by 5.2%, compared with traditional methods, while reducing data generation costs by 36%.

Reynaldo Antonio Pavia Melgar

Los Hermanos Díaz Barraza fueron un dúo de compositores criollos que creó su producción musical entre las décadas de 1950 y 1980. A pesar de contar con un amplio repertorio, sus canciones corren el riesgo de pasar al olvido, ya que solo se conservan en la memoria de sus círculos familiares y amicales. Por ello, uno de los objetivos de este artículo es reconocer y difundir la obra de estos compositores. Para lograrlo, se recopilaron sus canciones y se realizaron entrevistas, transcripciones y análisis musical de tres piezas. Los resultados del análisis comparativo determinaron una evolución en su estilo compositivo, y afirmaron la importancia histórica de la obra musical de los compositores para la música criolla, especialmente para el distrito de Breña, vecindario donde crecieron y vivieron la mayor parte de sus vidas.

Jiuding Yang, Weidong Guo, Kaitong Yang et al.

The effective alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) with precise instructions is essential for their application in diverse real-world scenarios. Current methods focus on enhancing the diversity and complexity of training and evaluation samples, yet they fall short in accurately assessing LLMs' ability to follow similar instruction variants. We introduce an effective data augmentation technique DeMoRecon that decomposes complex instructions into simpler sub-components, modifies these, and reconstructs them into new variants, thereby preserves the original instruction's context and complexity while introducing variability, which is critical for training and evaluating LLMs' instruction-following precision. Based on DeMoRecon, we developed the FGIV dataset which contains fine-grained instruction variants of 1,773 seed instructions to both fine-tune and evaluate LLMs. Our findings show that LLMs fine-tuned with FGIV will gain significant performance boost on both ours and commonly used instructions-following benchmarks.

Yixiao Zhang

The field of AI-assisted music creation has made significant strides, yet existing systems often struggle to meet the demands of iterative and nuanced music production. These challenges include providing sufficient control over the generated content and allowing for flexible, precise edits. This thesis tackles these issues by introducing a series of advancements that progressively build upon each other, enhancing the controllability and editability of text-to-music generation models. First, we introduce Loop Copilot, a system that tries to address the need for iterative refinement in music creation. Loop Copilot leverages a large language model (LLM) to coordinate multiple specialised AI models, enabling users to generate and refine music interactively through a conversational interface. Central to this system is the Global Attribute Table, which records and maintains key musical attributes throughout the iterative process, ensuring that modifications at any stage preserve the overall coherence of the music. While Loop Copilot excels in orchestrating the music creation process, it does not directly address the need for detailed edits to the generated content. To overcome this limitation, MusicMagus is presented as a further solution for editing AI-generated music. MusicMagus introduces a zero-shot text-to-music editing approach that allows for the modification of specific musical attributes, such as genre, mood, and instrumentation, without the need for retraining. By manipulating the latent space within pre-trained diffusion models, MusicMagus ensures that these edits are stylistically coherent and that non-targeted attributes remain unchanged. This system is particularly effective in maintaining the structural integrity of the music during edits, but it encounters challenges with more complex and real-world audio scenarios. ...

Yungi Kim, Chanjun Park

It is challenging to generate high-quality instruction datasets for non-English languages due to tail phenomena, which limit performance on less frequently observed data. To mitigate this issue, we propose translating existing high-quality English instruction datasets as a solution, emphasizing the need for complete and instruction-aware translations to maintain the inherent attributes of these datasets. We claim that fine-tuning LLMs with datasets translated in this way can improve their performance in the target language. To this end, we introduces a new translation framework tailored for instruction datasets, named InstaTrans (INSTruction-Aware TRANSlation). Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the superiority of InstaTrans over other competitors in terms of completeness and instruction-awareness of translation, highlighting its potential to broaden the accessibility of LLMs across diverse languages at a relatively low cost. Furthermore, we have validated that fine-tuning LLMs with datasets translated by InstaTrans can effectively improve their performance in the target language.

Yu-Fen Huang, Nikki Moran, Simon Coleman et al.

In cross-modal music processing, translation between visual, auditory, and semantic content opens up new possibilities as well as challenges. The construction of such a transformative scheme depends upon a benchmark corpus with a comprehensive data infrastructure. In particular, the assembly of a large-scale cross-modal dataset presents major challenges. In this paper, we present the MOSA (Music mOtion with Semantic Annotation) dataset, which contains high quality 3-D motion capture data, aligned audio recordings, and note-by-note semantic annotations of pitch, beat, phrase, dynamic, articulation, and harmony for 742 professional music performances by 23 professional musicians, comprising more than 30 hours and 570 K notes of data. To our knowledge, this is the largest cross-modal music dataset with note-level annotations to date. To demonstrate the usage of the MOSA dataset, we present several innovative cross-modal music information retrieval (MIR) and musical content generation tasks, including the detection of beats, downbeats, phrase, and expressive contents from audio, video and motion data, and the generation of musicians' body motion from given music audio. The dataset and codes are available alongside this publication (https://github.com/yufenhuang/MOSA-Music-mOtion-and-Semantic-Annotation-dataset).

Mia Ariana Tanciongco

This study looks at multicultural education as a transformational pedagogical paradigm in the particular setting of teaching PhD students in music performance at the Philippine Women's University - School of Music. Using a multimodal approach, the study incorporates purposeful educational tactics based on psychological theories and metacognitive practices with a variety of musical traditions. With a variety of in-depth interviews and document analysis, this study sheds light on the complex effects of this kind of approach on students' creative and intellectual paths. The results illustrate the various facets of the educational revolution by connecting with a diverse range of experiences among the students who took part. The development of a strong sense of community, varied musical abilities, and enhanced cultural awareness are all major themes. Using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs thoughtfully and incorporating metacognitive techniques is essential to creating a welcoming and encouraging learning environment. Apart from providing valuable perspectives on the direct effects on pupils, this study makes a significant contribution to the wider discussion on multicultural music education. The program's integration of many musical traditions broadens students' auditory horizons and acts as a microcosm for developing a global perspective, readying them for the ever-changing and interconnected world of the music industry. A transformative pedagogical technique that encourages a deeper knowledge of the cultural nuances buried in musical experiences and produces a conducive atmosphere for learning is the intentional use of psychological theories and metacognitive activities. Beyond the current teaching practices, this research has important implications for future curriculum creation, instructional tactics, and field research project. This study sets the stage for future conversations, interventions, and innovations in the field of music performance by emphasizing multicultural education as a vital component of holistic student development. This will help to move the sector in the direction of greater inclusivity and cultural enrichment.

John Mark M. Mayor

The study aimed to determine the experiences in the graduate program that contribute to the graduates’ competency development; assess the degree of effectiveness, adequacy and relevance as a curricular program and recommend measures to enhance the curricular programs and its implementation. The study utilized descriptive research through conduct of survey questionnaire. The respondents are composed of 50 randomly selected graduates from 2010-2015 in the degree programs under Management and Professional Teacher Education Department of Bicol University College of Education. Results revealed that research, lecture and discussion, write ups, writing activity, recitation, community survey, community service, educational tours, essay writing, ICT utilization, preparation of charts and models, instructional materials development, debate, organizational exhibits, excursions, storytelling, internship, drama, sports, musical and arts activities are the noted experiences of the graduates that contributed to the graduates’ competency development. The curricular implementation is very effective, very relevant and very adequate in the masters and doctorate programs. Further, to enhance the curricular programs and its implementation the graduates recommended the following measures: strengthen linkage of academe to industry, strengthen experiential learning programs for the graduate school, develop innovative curricular programs for research based and course work graduate studies to catch up with globalization, enhance research programs of the university, develop student and faculty exchange programs for graduate studies, enhance accessibility of students to internet connections, enhance leadership programs of the university.

Hyun Jung Kim

The purpose of this study is to examine the trends and future directions of esearch on gayageum byeongchang, focusing on master’s theses published from 1982 to February2024, and to derive socio-educational implications, explore under-researched areas, and propose future research directions. A total of 148 master’s theses on gayageum byeongchang were selected and examined by period, school, and topic. Looking at the trends in gayageum byeongchang master’s theses and graduate school research by period, it was found that research on gayageum byeongchang became more active over time, with a total of 7 theses in the 1980s, 49 theses in the 2000s, 66 theses in the 2010s, and 24 theses from the 2020s to February 2024. In terms of schools, Central University had the most master’s theses on gayageum byeongchang with 32, followed by the Korea National University of Arts with 21. When classified into major categories such as musical research, educational research, and other research, it was found that musical research accounted for 75% of the total, with most studies focusing on person-centered musical analysis or comparisons between gayageum byeongchang and other genres. Educational research accounted for 33% of the total, mainly focusing on teaching methods and instructional plans by target audience, while other topics accounted for 3% of the total. Based on the results of this study, I would like to suggest the following directions for future research on Gayageum Byeongchang: First, research topics should be expanded from various angles to develop new research topics that align with the current educational environment or trends in society, integrating with other subjects or disciplines to actively respond to societal changes. Second, to enhance the quality of theses and improve musical research, it is necessary to establish systematic classification criteria for accurate writing systems or notation formats based on the creativity and diversity of research topics. Third, research should be expanded to include various target audiences. While studies targeting teachers, the general public, high school students, middle school students, and elementary school students are visible, there is a lack of studies targeting the elderly, infants, or students with disabilities. Systematic teaching methods and textbooks tailored to the developmental stages and characteristics of the target audience should be actively developed and researched to ensure a balanced representation of research subjects without bias. Fourth, educational materials development and programs should be developed and studied so that systematic education suitable for each age-specific development stage can be achieved. Fifth, research and development of Gayageum musical instruments should be carried out for public distribution. If reasonably priced Gayageum musical instruments are distributed, Gayageum Byeongchang education will be more active. These results are expected to help understand the current status of master’s theses on gayageum byeongchang, suggest future research directions, and contribute to the qualitative improvement of master’s theses.

Yanjing Zhao

This study aims to explore the instructional strategies and environmental factors that influence student creativity in piano teaching. Through a systematic literature review, the research examines past studies in this field. The findings highlight the benefits of creative activities for students’ social, emotional, cognitive, and musical development. Effective instructional strategies such as improvisation and composition, as well as environmental factors like home settings and classroom climate, significantly impact student creativity. Additionally, the use of technology in modern piano teaching enhances student creativity. The study also discusses the application and challenges of various assessment methods for measuring creativity in piano students. The results indicate that both traditional and modern teaching methods have their advantages, and a combined approach may better foster overall student creativity and skill development. Future research should further analyze the long-term effects of creative instructional strategies and the specific environmental factors that influence student creativity.