Hasil untuk "Music"

Michel Chion, C. Gorbman

Júlia Melo Salgado, Daniele Pereira Canedo

Este artigo investiga a condição das cantoras negras e indígenas na economia da música baiana, explorando dinâmicas laborais que caracterizam suas trajetórias. O objetivo é compreender como o racismo e o sexismo afetam a carreira dessas artistas, destacando a interseccionalidade entre gênero, raça e classe social. A pesquisa utilizou um questionário online com 59 perguntas, distribuídas em seis dimensões analíticas: perfil da respondente, carreira musical, perfil ocupacional, percepções de raça e gênero, fluxos migracionais e perfil socioeconômico. Foram entrevistadas 149 cantoras negras e indígenas do estado. Os resultados revelam que a maioria das cantoras possui longa experiência na música, mas enfrenta dificuldades financeiras e falta de suporte profissional. As principais barreiras identificadas incluem a falta de recursos financeiros, de tempo para investir na carreira e de acesso a redes de apoio. A pesquisa conclui que estas cantoras enfrentam desafios no mercado musical baiano, necessitando de políticas públicas mais efetivas.

Akerke K. Assan, Irina G. Mineralova, Kadisha R. Nurgali et al.

The aim of the paper is to identify the dominant features of A. Kim’s style that influence the formation of writer’s genre preferences, determined by researchers within the boundaries of magical realism. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: to identify the dominant features of A. Kim’s individual style; to argue for the genre complexity of his prose as well as genre-style dominants indicating the individuality of writer’s style; to explain the functions of techniques, a priori considered by researchers to be features of the phenomenon of ‘magical realism’. As a result, based on the literature of the issue and the works of modern researchers, the article clarifies some essential features of writer’s individual style: techniques forming the philosophical plan of a work or the illusion of philosophies. Special attention is paid to the clash of ‘far-off ideas’ (M.Yu. Lomonosov), to the role of conflict, and its multilevel nature, reflected in the inner form of the prosaic whole. The article also focuses on the specific forms of verbal painting that affect the nature and complexity of the content. The manner developed at the beginning of A. Kim’s creative career (the novels “Squirrel”, “Father-Forest”, “Picking mushrooms to the music of Bach”, etc.) is recognizable in his later work and makes it possible to judge not only the artistic and meaningful significance of writer’s work, but also how well he reflects the current problems of his time.

Rauhaan Tahir, Sadeed Ahmed Choudhury, Rasi Mizori et al.

ZUBENSCHI, MARIANA

In the context of European identity, leaders often become symbols of movements for social change, and the promise of change takes a central place in election campaigns and political rhetoric. Although the discussion of leadership is less present in social psychology in the context of social change, understanding the intersection between leadership and social change can bring new and useful perspectives. The processes of social influence and leadership are fundamental for understanding the transformation at both the individual and societal levels. Leaders not only represent our collective identity, but also help us define our shared future. Social change is, thus, a collective initiative that involves mobilizing around a shared identity and vision for the future. Identity change and societal change are interdependent processes, and a deeper understanding of these processes can provide new insights into how and to what extent we can influence the direction of our society. In this article we will explore several findings that show that shared social identity is a source influenced by both collective and individual factors. It is crucial to analyze from the perspective of tripolar relations of “influence and social change”, which involves a competition between sources of influence and a public mobilized for change. This approach opens up new lines of research in both fields and helps us understand why certain views of change are more appealing than others. Together, these ideas provide a new perspective for understanding the interplay between identity, social influence, and changing social relationships.

Asep Nugraha

In 1883 the tea plantation in the Parakansalak Sukabumi region brought workers from the local plantation community to Amsterdam, to participate in De Internationale Koloniale en Uitvoerhandel Tentoonstelling. The planter, Mr. Holle, promoted the commodity of tea by including the original culture of the colony's land, precisely the Sundanese ethnicity. Sundanese cultural presentations include gamelan and dance performances and cultural tours of Sundanese society. Europeans directly witnessed people from the colonies playing music and dancing and carrying out daily life activities through village society. This paper describes the existence of the Sundanese society through the Parakansalak plantation group in Amsterdam in 1883, uses a qualitative approach with literature studies, and focuses on situational analysis that examines the activities of the Sundanese people through the Parakansalak tea plantation group at the Exposition Activity in 1883. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the existence of the Sundanese people in a new place - in Amsterdam - Europe by introducing Sundanese culture during the Exposition activity. The results obtained were the astonishment of the European community who saw the culture of the colonized nation. The first impression, Europeans see a group of Sundanese people who practice low and primitive culture. Still, it united people of different religions, ethnicities, and skins to fundraising for the Mount Krakatoa disaster in the Dutch East Indies.

Luiz Mantovani

Composed in 1941 and dedicated to his guitarist niece, Gerta Hammerschmid, Ferdinand Rebay’s Second Sonata in E major for Guitar remained unperformed during his life, only gaining its premiere recording after my performance film was released in 2022. One of the reasons for this deferral is that the piece needed a thorough revision to fit the guitar’s idiom and, for reasons that can only be speculated about, this was not done by Hammerschmid at the time. This article examines my solutions to score-based issues encountered during the preparation of the sonata for performance, many of which demanded intervention in the musical text—a process I call “posthumous collaboration.” First, however, I investigate the relationship between Rebay and his Viennese guitar environment, explaining his motivations for writing over thirty sonatas or sonata-structured works for the guitar and then focusing on the group of seven solo guitar sonatas that he wrote between 1925 and 1944. The article is written from the perspective of an artist-scholar who looks critically at the repertoire and engages with it with the kind of authority that can only emerge from integrating scholarly studies with artistic experience.

Bruna Mayumi Omori Shimada, Magda da Silva Oliveira Menezes dos Santos, Mayara Alvares Cabral et al.

Abstract Objective To investigate in the literature the studies on the benefits ofmusic therapy interventions among pregnant women in the prenatal, delivery and postpartum periods. Data Sources The search for articles was carried out in the following electronic databases: VHL, LILACS, SciELO, Portal CAPES, PsycINFO, ERIC, PubMed/Medline, and journals specialized in this field: Revista Brasileira de Musicoterapia (“Brazilian Journal of Music Therapy”) and Voices. Study Selection Descriptors in Portuguese (musicoterapia, gravidez, gestantes, revisão), English (music therapy, pregnancy, pregnant women, review) and Spanish (musicoterapia, embarazo, mujeres embarazadas, revisión) were used. The search was delimited between January 2009 and June 2019. The process of selection and evaluation of the articles was performed through peer review. Data Collectio n The following data were extracted: article title, year of publication, journal, author(s), database, country and date of collection, purpose of the study, sample size, type of care, intervention, instruments used, results, and conclusion. The data were organized in chronological order based on the year of publication of thestudy. Summary of the Data In total, 146 articles were identified, and only 23 studies were included in this systematic review. The articles found indicate among their results relaxation, decreased levels of anxiety, psychosocial stress and depression, decreased pain, increase in the maternal bond, improvement in the quality of sleep, control of the fetal heart rate and maternal blood pressure, and decreased intake of drugs in the postoperative period. Conclusion Music therapy during the prenatal, delivery and postpartum periods can provide benefits to pregnant women and newborns, thus justifying its importance in this field.

Zhicong Ma, Jiangqi Wang, Jiang Li et al.

Abstract Background The study aimed to investigate the association between content-based problematic smartphone use and obesity in school-age children and adolescents, including variations in the association by educational stage and sex. Methods Two-stage non-probability sampling was used to recruit 8419 participants from nineteen primary schools, five middle schools, and thirteen high schools in Shanghai in December 2017. Obesity was identified by body mass index (BMI), which was obtained from the school physical examination record, while problematic smartphone use was measured by the Revised Problematic Smartphone Use Classification Scale as the independent variable. Results The rates of obesity varied with educational stages, while problematic smartphone use increased with educational stages. Male students reported higher obesity rates (37.1%vs19.4%, P < 0.001) and greater problematic smartphone use scores (25.65 ± 10.37 vs 22.88 ± 8.94, P < 0.001) than female students. Problematic smartphone use for entertainment (smartphone users addicted to entertainment games, music, videos, novels and other applications) was positively associated to obesity status for primary school [odds ratio (OR), 1.030; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.005–1.057] and high school students (OR, 1.031; 95% CI, 1.004–1.059). For female students, problematic smartphone use for entertainment was positively associated with obesity status (OR, 1.046; 95% CI, 1.018–1.075). Conclusions Problematic smartphone use may be associated with obesity in children and adolescents. The association differed based on the educational stage and sex, and the difference possessed dimensional specificity.

Isaac W. Shitubi, Mellitus N. Wanyama, Peter L. Barasa

Researchers across the globe have found huge support for music as a necessary component of an adolescent’s life. Since music seems to be such an important part of young people’s identity and it influences many aspects of their behaviour, the topic of formal music education remains critical and open to exploration and discussion. The discrepancy between ‘music at school’ and ‘music out of school’ is therefore often huge for students. The aim of this paper is to investigate the attitudes of learners in secondary schools towards practical musicianship. Adopting the use of descriptive survey design, the study targeted 19 teachers and 177 students of music from 15 purposively sampled secondary schools. Data was collected using personal interviews, observation schedule, document analysis and a questionnaire. The collected data was then analyzed descriptively based on emerging themes and quotas. The study established that majority of the students of music had a positive attitude towards practical musicianship. As a result, teachers are only required to encourage and motivate them towards attaining their desired career goals in musicianship. However, some students had also developed negative attitude about school music because of lack of instrumental and vocal provisions. The study recommends inclusion of music technology and popular music within the music curriculum to stimulate wider interest in the subject. More so, provision of opportunities for students to talk about their musical interests, likes and dislikes on a regular basis in order to better facilitate meaningful musical instruction should be encouraged.

V. M. Sheyko

Аналізується фактичний, переважно архівний маловідомий матеріал щодо діяльності Всеукраїнського комітету сприяння вченим (ВУКСУ) в першій половині 20-х рр. ХХ ст. Аналіз дозволив висвітлити масштабну роботу ВУКСУ, спрямовану на матеріальну, правову, моральну та побутову допомогу переважно науковій інтелігенції України в її діяльності й відпочинку в ті скрутні роки, що відзначились голодом, холодом, розрухою та епідеміями. Особлива увага приділяється роботі ВУКСУ, яка спрямовувалась на налагодження ділової співпраці наукової інтелігенції з більшовицьким режимом в Україні.

Lim Jia Zheng, James Mountstephens, Jason Teo

Abstract Background Emotion classification remains a challenging problem in affective computing. The large majority of emotion classification studies rely on electroencephalography (EEG) and/or electrocardiography (ECG) signals and only classifies the emotions into two or three classes. Moreover, the stimuli used in most emotion classification studies utilize either music or visual stimuli that are presented through conventional displays such as computer display screens or television screens. This study reports on a novel approach to recognizing emotions using pupillometry alone in the form of pupil diameter data to classify emotions into four distinct classes according to Russell’s Circumplex Model of Emotions, utilizing emotional stimuli that are presented in a virtual reality (VR) environment. The stimuli used in this experiment are 360° videos presented using a VR headset. Using an eye-tracker, pupil diameter is acquired as the sole classification feature. Three classifiers were used for the emotion classification which are Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Random Forest (RF). Findings SVM achieved the best performance for the four-class intra-subject classification task at an average of 57.05% accuracy, which is more than twice the accuracy of a random classifier. Although the accuracy can still be significantly improved, this study reports on the first systematic study on the use of eye-tracking data alone without any other supplementary sensor modalities to perform human emotion classification and demonstrates that even with a single feature of pupil diameter alone, emotions could be classified into four distinct classes to a certain level of accuracy. Moreover, the best performance for recognizing a particular class was 70.83%, which was achieved by the KNN classifier for Quadrant 3 emotions. Conclusion This study presents the first systematic investigation on the use of pupillometry as the sole feature to classify emotions into four distinct classes using VR stimuli. The ability to conduct emotion classification using pupil data alone represents a promising new approach to affective computing as new applications could be developed using readily-available webcams on laptops and other mobile devices that are equipped with cameras without the need for specialized and costly equipment such as EEG and/or ECG as the sensor modality.

Cheryl Seltzer

_______

Miguel A. García

Daisy Alves Fragoso

Este texto apresenta e discute brevemente como a concepção de ensino-aprendizagem entre as crianças Guarani Mbya refletia no modo como estas, enquanto colaboradoras de trabalho de pesquisa etnomusicológica, ensinavam suas canções ao pesquisador em questão. Discorre-se, ainda, sobre os desafios encontrados durante o trabalho de campo realizado, no que diz respeito ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem entre a cultura guarani. Os caminhos percorridos durante a superação de tais desafios trazem à luz a maneira como os Guarani concebem a infância e, em consequência disso, como suas crianças aprendem – e ensinam –, o que pode remeter a análises relacionadas ao jogo ideal deleuziano.

Paul D. Lopes, P. Manuel

David Elliott

L. Dubé, J. Chébat, Sylvie Morin

Elena Maria ŞORBAN

The music education in medieval Transylvania is directly documented from the 14th century onwards. The most interesting musical codices concerning education are the Gradual from Şumuleu Ciuc (regional provenience, from about 1600, still in use 1680; signature A.V.5.), with mentions about the performance to the pupils, and the Gradual Öreg, a protestant source, printed 1636 in Alba Iulia, which contains didactical melodies with Latin texts, to learn the psalm tones.

James J. Kellaris, R. J. Kent