Background: The traumatic loss of a child in a road traffic accident (RTA) can lead to mental health issues in parents, such as symptoms of prolonged grief (PG) and posttraumatic stress (PTS). Latent class analysis (LCA) provides insights into different responses to such losses. Methods: Using LCA, 148 parents that were bereaved at least twelve months earlier, were categorized into latent classes based on similar response patterns. Associations between class membership and sociodemographic and loss-related variables and self-directed anger were examined. Results: Two symptom patterns emerged: a 'High PG/Moderate PTS' pattern (73.2 %) and a 'Moderate-High PG/Low PTS' pattern (26.8 %). Mothers and those with more self-directed anger were more likely to present with the first symptom pattern. Limitations: Inclusion of parents undergoing therapy for clinically relevant symptoms, small sample size, no differentiation between parents of minor and adult children, and including only four PTS symptoms are limitations that may have influenced the identified symptom patterns. Conclusions: Parents who lost a child in a RTA seem at risk for developing psychological symptoms, with PG being more predominant than PTS. The study highlights the possible value of addressing modifiable factors such as self-directed anger in therapeutic interventions for PG and PTS after traumatic loss of a child.
Mental disorders, such as phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are a serious health problem that significantly impacts people's quality of life. These disorders can significantly impair the quality of life of patients, so studying ways to treat them using modern methods is important and relevant. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and potential of using virtual reality (VR) technology in the treatment of phobias and PTSD. The methods used in the study include analytical, comparative, and systematization methods. The study has shown that cognitive behavioural therapy and exposure therapy are the main treatments for these disorders. The use of VR in the treatment of mental disorders, including phobias and PTSD, opens up new opportunities for safe and effective exposure to stressful stimuli. It was found that the benefits of using VR in the treatment of mental disorders include safe exposure, an individualized approach to treatment, and the ability to create realistic simulations of stressful situations. The study confirmed that the use of VR in the treatment of phobias allows patients to gradually get used to phobic stimuli and change their negative perceptions and reactions to them. The use of VR in the treatment of PTSD has significant potential, allowing the application of various techniques, including exposure, gradual desensitization, cognitive behavioural therapy, therapeutic recovery, meditation, and relaxation, to alleviate the symptoms of the disorder and improve the quality of life of patients. The findings of the study can serve as a basis for improving clinical practice in psychotherapy and psychiatry, allowing for more effective and individualized care for patients with disorders.
Clusters of suicide occur when there is a concentration of frequent incidents happening closely together in both time and space. Despite advancements in technology, there has been a persistent increase in suicide instances that has proven challenging to effectively manage. This research utilizes longitudinal and spatiotemporal data sourced from reports by the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs and the Tamil Nadu government. The objective is to comprehensively examine the spatial dimension of suicide along with its influencing factors, employing scan statistics for the years 2020 and 2021. Hypothesis testing is conducted to compare hotspot and coldspot locations consistently identified within the study period of 2012-2021. To unravel the underlying causes of suicide within the consistent hotspot zone, a multivariate analysis approach is employed. Notably, this study highlights Madurai, a major city in Tamil Nadu, as a statistically significant and enduring hotspot for suicide. The analysis identifies economic factors as the primary catalyst for the escalating suicide rates in this hotspot region. This emphasizes the urgent need for increased attention to address this issue effectively. State-level assessment of suicide instances and its concerning factors, the restrictive measure of suicide instances due to availability of data sources. This study provides a roadmap that aims to assist health and governmental entities in formulating, strategizing, and implementing feasible preventive measures specifically tailored to curbing suicide incidents in urban Tamil Nadu.
Dinuli Nilaweera, Caroline Gurvich, Rosanne Freak-Poli
et al.
Background: Increasing evidence suggests that stress could be a risk factor for dementia but this might vary by gender. This study investigated whether adverse life events were associated with cognitive decline and dementia in later-life, separately in men and women. Methods: Participants were 12,789 community-dwelling Australians aged ≥ 70 years. Ten common adverse events in later-life were self-reported. Cognitive decline was defined as a 1.5 SD decline from participants’ baseline score in tests of global cognition, psychomotor speed, episodic memory, and executive functioning, which were assessed regularly over a maximum of 10.3 years. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Results: An increased risk of dementia was observed in participants who experienced the death of a spouse/partner (HR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.17 – 2.52) and for individuals who experienced major financial problems (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.05 – 2.23). The latter also increased the risk of cognitive decline in men specifically (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.10 – 1.86). In contrast, some events for women were associated with a reduced risk of dementia (e.g. close family or friends lost their job/retired (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40–0.95)). Limitations: Events including major money problems may result from prodromal dementia symptoms, thus reverse causation needs to be considered. Conclusions: Adverse life events may influence dementia risk in older adults, but associations vary depending on the nature of the event, and across genders. These findings support the need for early interventions in older people who have experienced adversities, particularly for the death of a loved one.
Rozane El Masri, Frederik Steen, April R Coetzee
et al.
There is an increasing need to improve the competency and quality of non-specialists delivering psychological interventions. As part of the Ensuring Quality in Psychological Support (EQUIP) initiative, this study evaluates the process of roleplay-based competency assessments using three tools to assess the competencies of facilitators delivering a psychological intervention for children in Lebanon. With a group of five competency raters, five facilitators and four actors, this study uses a mixed methods approach, comprising competency assessment data, qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. Data were collected during a two-phase process. Findings of the study showed inter-rater agreement was generally acceptable after additional training of raters. Eventually, it is feasible to prepare actors, facilitators and raters on roleplays for effective implementation of competency-driven training. As for the non-specialists, it was found that overall the experience of taking part in competency assessments was useful to understand their points of improvement. Pre- to post-training improvements in competencies showed that despite reported feelings of anxiety, the facilitators benefited from the feedback given on their competencies. We concluded that using roleplay-based competency assessments and preparing for competency-based training is feasible and useful to ensure quality control in mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) service provision.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan religiusitas dengan psychological well-being pada remaja berbakat bidang akademik di madrasah. Religiusitas menjadi salah satu hal yang penting bagi remaja berbakat bidang akademik karena menjadi salah satu fakor yang mempengaruhi psychological well-being. penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dan partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 101 remaja dengan rentang umur 13-17 tahun yang mengikuti kelas unggulan atau SKS di madrasah. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukan terdapat hubungan positif signifikan antara variabel religiusitas dengan psychological well-being.
AbstractThis discursive paper aims to clarify what roles mental health nurses identify as being within their scope of practice in clinical settings. It also aims to highlight any consumer benefits arising from these roles. Role theory and its relationship with identity are critically discussed as a framework to explain how contemporary mental health nursing roles are poorly understood and undervalued within mental health services. In order to meet the aims of the paper literature written in the last five years by clinical mental health nurses reporting their roles, and outcomes of those roles were searched. This literature was then considered through the lens of social constructionism that premises truths are accessed and then constructed though relationship based language. Six core mental health nursing roles were identified across international settings. The MHN is a psychotherapist. The MHN is a consumer advocate. The MHN is a physical health therapist. The MHN is a psycho‐pharmacological therapist. The MHN is a relationship focussed therapist and finally the MHN is an aggression management therapist. While European and American nurses reported consumer benefit emerging from these roles those from Australia and the United Kingdom did not. The roles reported on were largely instrumental ones that offered little clarity towards the identity of our profession, nor its worth to consumers or funders of services. Mental health nurses will only have their true breadth of clinical capabilities recognized where there is a consistent construction emerging from clinicians in clinical settings on the efficacy of their clinical work.
A sportolók felkészülésének mára már megszokott és elengedhetetlen részévé vált a mentális tréning, ami a csapat, a sportoló mellett működő pszichológus segítségével zajlik. A hozzáálláson, motiváción, célokon és elkötelezettségen, a személyi készségeken túl, magasabb szinten megjelennek a vizualizációs gyakorlatok és a belső monológ kontrollálásának képessége, valamint a szorongás, az érzelmek kezelése, és nem utolsósorban a koncentrációs képesség fejlesztése.
Az alább bemutatásra kerülő ismeretanyag egy egyedi módszertan alapját képezi, melyet a HeartMath Kutatóintézet dolgozott ki. Munkájuk előzménye J. Andrew Armour kutatása. 1991-ben publikált munkájában részletezi a szív saját, mintegy 40 ezer neuritból álló idegrendszerének felépítését. A HeartMath a szív és az agy kapcsolatát vizsgálta teljesen új megközelítéssel. Napjainkban már széles körben kutatják a szívfrekvencia-variabilitást, s annak jelentőségét a testi, mentális és érzelmi folyamatokban. Ahhoz, hogy módszereik és technológiájuk alkalmazhatóvá váljon a sportolók felkészítésében, először ismerkedjünk meg az alapokkal, s a szívvel mint szervezetünk folyamatainak, koherenciájának „karmesterével”.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh konsumsi minuman beralkohol terhadap memori harian pada remaja dan dewasa awal. Memori harian berisikan berbagai ingatan yang manusia gunakan untuk menjalani kegiatan sehari-hari. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan survei kuantitatif terhadap individu remaja dan dewasa awal. Jumlah partisipan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 158 orang yang berusia 18-30an tahun dan mengonsumsi alkohol selama setidaknya 12 bulan terakhir. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner via Google Forms. Skala yang digunakan adalah Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) dan Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ). Data di analisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukan konsumsi minuman beralkohol memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap memori harian pada remaja dan dewasa awal (R2=0,079;F(1,156)=13,41;p<0,001). Terdapat pengaruh sebesar 7,9% dari konsumsi alkohol terhadap defisit memori harian. Semakin meningkatnya konsumsi minuman beralkohol, semakin meningkat risiko kegagalan dan defisit pada memori harian.
Mahdi Abdolkarimi, Fatemeh Ayeneh Heydari, Seyedeh Shirin Lotfi
et al.
Background: Determining the level of physical activity and factors in female teachers can be effective in planning health promotion interventions. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of physical activity and social factors affecting female teachers in Rafsanjan.
Methods: in this descriptive study, the level of physical activity and the social factors were examined in 198 female high school teachers in Rafsanjan City in 2019. The International Short Form Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine physical activity levels. Sallis's social support questionnaire for exercise was used to determine the level of social support. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and chi-square and Spearman's correlation coefficient.
Results: The level of physical activity in female teachers was lower than the recommended level so that only 34.3% had the minimum physical activity at the recommended level. In terms of intensity of physical activity, most physical activities were reported as walking. The physical activity of this group was not statistically significant based on age (p = 0.09), work experience (p = 0.70), level of education (p = 0.28), and income level (p = 0.082). Also, there was a significant correlation between all types of physical activity and social support in all aspects.
Conclusion: Providing social support for exercise by family and friends has been identified as an effective physical activity factor. Therefore, it seems necessary to design educational programs to improve teachers' awareness and attitude, emphasizing the creation of a supportive environment by family, friends, and even related organizations.
Communities. Classes. Races, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Background: People who have attempted suicide display suboptimal decision-making in the lab. Yet, it remains unclear whether these difficulties tie in with other detrimental outcomes in their lives besides suicidal behavior. We hypothesize that this is more likely the case for individuals who first attempted suicide earlier than later in life. Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study of 310 adults aged ≥ 50 years (mean: 63.9), compared early- and late-onset attempters (first attempt < 55 vs. ≥ 55 years of age) to suicide ideators, non-suicidal depressed controls, and non-psychiatric healthy controls. Participants reported potentially avoidable negative decision outcomes across their lifetime, using the Decision Outcome Inventory (DOI). We employed multi-level modeling to examine group differences overall, and in three factor-analytically derived domains labeled Acting Out, Lack of Future Planning, and Hassles. Results: Psychopathology predicted worse decision outcomes overall, and in the more serious Acting Out and Lack of Future Planning domains, but not in Hassles. Early-onset attempters experienced more negative outcomes than other groups overall, in Lack of Future Planning, and particularly in Acting Out. Late-onset attempters were similar to depressed controls and experienced fewer Acting out outcomes than ideators. Limitations: The cross-sectional design precluded prospective prediction of attempts. The assessment of negative outcomes may have lacked precision due to recall bias. Conclusions: Whereas early-onset suicidal behavior is likely the manifestation of long-lasting decision-making deficits in several serious aspects of life, late-onset cases appear to function similarly to non-suicidal depressed adults, suggesting that their attempt originates from a more isolated crisis.
Bevezetés: Az egészséges táplálkozással kapcsolatos egészségfejlesztő munkában a táplálkozási ajánlások ismertetéséhez a szakemberek különböző edukációs eszközök bevonását alkalmazhatják.
Megbeszélés: Táplálkozási ajánlások nagymértékű fejlődésen mentek keresztül a világon és Magyarországon is egyaránt. Áttekinthető, hogyan alakult ki az első amerikai ajánlás már 1894-ben, és milyen úton érte el a mai MyPlate formáját. Magyarországon is sokféle illusztrációs eszköz közölte a legfontosabb táplálkozási ajánlásokat, mind például a szivárvány, a piramis vagy a házikó, amelyektől elérünk a legfrissebb, máig használatos okostányérig. Az ajánlások által a táplálkozástudományi szakembereknek további útmutatásokat tehetnek, egészségfejlesztési folyamatokat végezhetnek, mely révén javíthatják a lakosság egészségi állapotát.
Következtetések: A tanegységek, szakos oktatások, illetve tanárképzések bevonásával nem csak az oktatás színvonalát lehetne fejleszteni, hanem a társadalmuk egészségének állapotán is.
Ritual healing is very widespread in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and is by far the most common option for those with serious behavioral disturbances. Although ritual healing thus accounts for a very large part of the actual health care system, the state and its regulatory agencies have, for the most part, been structurally blind to its existence. A decade of research on in this region, along with a number of shorter research trips to healing shrines and specialists elsewhere in the subcontinent, and a thorough study of the literature, suggest that such techniques are often therapeutically effective. However, several considerations suggest that ritual healing may not be usefully combined with mainstream “Western” psychiatry: (a) psychiatry is deeply influenced by the ideology of individualism, which is incompatible with South Asian understandings of the person; (b) social asymmetries between religious healers and health professionals are too great to allow a truly respectful relationship between them; and (c) neither the science of psychiatry nor the regulatory apparatus of the state can or will acknowledge the validity of “ritual therapy”—and even if they did so, regulation would most likely destroy what is most valuable about ritual healing. This suggests that it is best if the state maintain its structural blindness to ritual healing.
Nursing students need to develop competences in the field of explanation, argumentation and questioning as they are pivotal to foster a relationship with their patients and achieve a greater humanisation of care. The objective of this paper is to analyse the perception of 1st-year nursing students with regard to the humanisation of care provided to patients by encouraging them to discuss real-life episodes. The study is qualitative and content analysis used the students’ questions, explanations and argumentation as core discourses. Among other conclusions, results point towards the importance of promoting activities that encourage the different nursing students’ discourses and the ability to understand the humanisation and dehumanisation patterns arising from the real-life episodes used as case study.
Izabel Alves das Chagas, Josana Camilo, Manoel Antonio dos Santos
et al.
We present a cross-sectional study that aims to describe the sociodemographic and clinical conditions of individuals with diabetes mellitus and to analyze their knowledge of treatment five years after the end of an educational program in which they took part. In 2010, 40 individuals who had participated in a diabetes educational program for 12 months in 2005 at a primary care service were interviewed. A form was used for data collection that included their knowledge of the notion, physiopathology, and treatment of the disease; exercise; nutrition; foot care; self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose at home; hypoglycemia; chronic complications; special situations; and family support. The results showed that the volunteers incorporated the information about the notion, physiopathology, and treatment of the disease; exercise; foot care; self-monitoring; care associated with hypoglycemia; chronic complications; and special situations. In contrast, nutrition and family support require further reinforcement. It is concluded that five years after the end of the educational program, the participants kept most of the information provided.
Fernanda Manuela Loureiro, José António Neto Ferreira da Silva, Margarida Maria de Sousa Lourenço Quitério
et al.
Diagnóstico de situação utilizando metodologia científica de natureza exploratória e descritiva (observação participada com tratamento estatístico descritivo) com objectivo de identificar as práticas de enfermagem na área da promoção de saúde durante uma consulta de enfermagem de saúde infantil. Das 31 consultas observadas (n=31) a maioria das observações ocorreu em crianças com idade inferior a 2 anos sendo os temas mais abordados a alimentação com utilização predominante de metodologia expositiva. Verificou-se ainda pouca utilização de suporte informacional e quando são utilizados reportam-se aos temas segurança e alimentação. A maioria dos prestadores de cuidados colocou questões e houve um reduzido registo da interacção prestador/criança existindo um dispêndio médio de 23 minutos por consulta. Face aos resultados e reflexão sobre os mesmos destaca-se como intervenção a elaboração de um manual de promoção de saúde com integração de aspectos teóricos e evidência científica de boas práticas nesta área.
Elisama Gomes Correia Silva, Viviane Carla de Oliveira, Giselda Bezerra Correia Neves
et al.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) em um hospital de grande porte em Recife, Pernambuco. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, exploratório e quantitativo. A população foi composta de 107 enfermeiros assistenciais com amostra de 73 (68%). A coleta de dados foi realizada em junho de 2008, através de um questionário semiestruturado preenchido pelos sujeitos. Verificamos que 50 (69%) não tinham conhecimentos sobre a SAE e especialmente sobre os diagnósticos de enfermagem. Constatamos ausência de formulários na maioria das unidades de internação. Os enfermeiros justificaram diversas razões para não trabalharem com a SAE, dentre elas, a sobrecarga de trabalho e escassez de formulários. Concluímos que existe a necessidade de maiores incentivos institucionais e políticos, de forma a permitir que o enfermeiro exerça a profissão com mais autonomia.