Hasil untuk "Home economics"

Ferdi Riansyah, Ambia Nurdin, Ristiani Ristiani et al.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that substantially affects the nutritional status of patients. Family support is believed to contribute to improved nutritional outcomes during the treatment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family support and improvements in the nutritional status among TB patients with TB. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted between May and June 2024, involving 44 patients with TB at the Langkahan Primary Health Center, North Aceh. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire that assessed four dimensions of family support and nutritional status. The Chi-square test was used for data analysis (p < 0.05). A total of 75% of the patients demonstrated improvements in their nutritional status. Overall family support was significantly associated with improved nutritional status (p = 0.013; OR = 7.875; 95% CI: 1.733–35.785), and all support dimensions showed significant relationships (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that family support plays an essential role in enhancing the nutritional status of patients with TB. Strengthening family based interventions is recommended to support nutritional recovery and successful treatment.

Stephanie W Waldrop, Ihuoma Eneli, Jaime Moore et al.

Alana Chaney, Charles D Arnold, Lauren E Au et al.

Yuda Turana, Yvonne Suzy Handajani, Tati Barus et al.

IntroductionAntioxidants may help alleviate cognitive impairment in older adults, which is often caused by oxidative stress. This research focuses on developing tempeh enriched with antioxidant-rich ingredients, including sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, and adzuki beans, to enhance its neuroprotective properties. This study is the first to investigate the effectiveness of mixed tempeh in reducing cognitive decline.MethodsThis experimental study (a non-randomized controlled trial) included 57 older participants with mild cognitive impairment who did not have diabetes. The participants were divided into two groups: one consumed mixed tempeh (comprising sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, adzuki beans, and regular soybeans), while the other group consumed soy tempeh. Both groups were instructed to consume 100 g daily over a period of 4 months and to avoid other fermented foods. Cognitive assessments were conducted before and after the intervention to evaluate the effects of tempeh consumption.ResultsThe majority of participants were female (68.4%), aged over 65 years (77.2%), and had an education level of 12 years or more (59.6%). The mixed tempeh group showed improvement in three cognitive domains (global cognitive, memory, and verbal fluency) before and after the intervention, while the soy tempeh group experienced improvements in two domains (memory and visuospatial).ConclusionThe study highlights the cognitive benefits of tempeh, particularly when mixed with other nutrient-rich ingredients. The combination of sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, and adzuki beans in mixed tempeh provides superior neuroprotective effects than traditional soy tempeh. This research supports the idea of promoting mixed tempeh as a healthy food alternative, especially for older adults, by offering enhanced nutritional value and cognitive health benefits.

Sumit S. Deole, Max Deter, Yue Huang

Julian Brummer, Christina Glasbrenner, Sieglinde Hechenbichler Figueroa et al.

BackgroundAccurate dietary assessment remains a challenge, particularly in free-living settings. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) shows promise in optimizing the assessment and monitoring of ingestive activity (IA, i.e., consumption of calorie-containing foods/beverages), and it might enable administering dietary Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs).ObjectiveIn a scoping review, we aimed to answer the following questions: (1) Which CGM approaches to automatically detect IA in (near-)real-time have been investigated? (2) How accurate are these approaches? (3) Can they be used in the context of JITAIs?MethodsWe systematically searched four databases until October 2023 and included publications in English or German that used CGM-based approaches for human (all ages) IA detection. Eligible publications included a ground-truth method as a comparator. We synthesized the evidence qualitatively and critically appraised publication quality.ResultsOf 1,561 potentially relevant publications identified, 19 publications (17 studies, total N = 311; for 2 studies, 2 publications each were relevant) were included. Most publications included individuals with diabetes, often using meal announcements and/or insulin boluses accompanying meals. Inpatient and free-living settings were used. CGM-only approaches and CGM combined with additional inputs were deployed. A broad range of algorithms was tested. Performance varied among the reviewed methods, ranging from unsatisfactory to excellent (e.g., 21% vs. 100% sensitivity). Detection times ranged from 9.0 to 45.0 min.ConclusionSeveral CGM-based approaches are promising for automatically detecting IA. However, response times need to be faster to enable JITAIs aimed at impacting acute IA. Methodological issues and overall heterogeneity among articles prevent recommending one single approach; specific cases will dictate the most suitable approach.

Amanda Bergmann, Diana de Araujo Eymael, Natália Rosa Gomes et al.

Os corantes definem-se como substâncias que conferem cor aos alimentos e bebidas, podendo ser de origem natural ou sintética. A utilização de corantes naturais está crescendo devido à maior demanda do consumidor, pois atribuem diversos benefícios à saúde. As frutas nativas, além de benéficas são consideradas excelentes fontes de pigmentos naturais, podendo ser incluídas na alimentação, resultando em uma dieta diversificada e colorida. Já os carotenoides são compostos fenólicos, que pertencem a classe de pigmentos naturais, e são encontrados nas frutas, nos tons de amarelo, laranja e vermelho. O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão de literatura científica sobre a importância dos carotenoides, considerados fontes de pigmentos naturais e provenientes de frutas nativas do Brasil, especificamente a acerola (Malpighia emarginata), guabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa), maracujá (Passiflora edulis) e pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) assim como, os efeitos benéficos que estas frutas trazem à saúde.  Diversos estudos evidenciam que o consumo das frutas nativas, fontes de pigmentos apresentam propriedades funcionais. Dessa forma, conclui-se, que as frutas nativas fonte de carotenoides, além de serem utilizadas como corantes naturais, também conferem diversos efeitos nutracêuticos, com uma dose diária variando entre 9.000 a 18.000 μg/dia, podendo ser utilizada para a prevenção e tratamentos de diversas patologias.

Francesca Patrignani, Gabriella Siesto, Davide Gottardi et al.

The present research is aimed at investigating the potential of two commercial <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strains (EC1118 and AWRI796) to generate wine-specific volatile molecule fingerprinting in relation to the initial must applied. To eliminate the effects of all the process variables and obtain more reliable results, comparative fermentations on interlaboratory scale of five different regional red grape musts were carried out by five different research units (RUs). For this purpose, the two <i>S. cerevisiae</i> strains were inoculated separately at the same level and under the same operating conditions. The wines were analyzed by means of SPME-GC/MS. Quali-quantitative multivariate approaches (two-way joining, MANOVA and PCA) were used to explain the contribution of strain, must, and their interaction to the final wine volatile fingerprinting. Our results showed that the five wines analyzed for volatile compounds, although characterized by a specific aromatic profile, were mainly affected by the grape used, in interaction with the inoculated <i>Saccharomyces</i> strain. In particular, the AWRI796 strain generally exerted a greater influence on the aromatic component resulting in a higher level of alcohols and esters. This study highlighted that the variable strain could have a different weight, with some musts experiencing a different trend depending on the strain (i.e., Negroamaro or Magliocco musts).

Inna Mutmainnah Musa, Agussalim Bukhari, Irfan Idris et al.

Pola konsumsi makanan berlemak berlebih menimbulkan berbagai gangguan metabolik dan inflamasi sistemik sehingga memicu peningkatan penanda inflamasi, yaitu high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP). Madu hutan Apis dorsata mengandung antioksidan  tinggi, namun belum banyak penelitian mengenai aktifitas antioksidan madu hutan ini terhadap perubahan kadar hs-CRP di dalam darah.  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian madu hutan Apis dorsata terhadap kadar serum hs-CRP tikus Sprague dawley jantan diinduksi pakan tinggi lemak (PTL). Rancangan penelitian yaitu pre-post test with control group design. 15 ekor tikus jantan Sprague dawley dibagi dalam tikus kelompok kontrol negatif (K-), kontrol positif (K+) diinduksi PTL,  dan perlakuan (P) diinduksi PTL + madu hutan Apis dorsata dosis 0,5 ml/200 g BB. Induksi PTL diberikan selama 30 hari dan madu selama 7 hari. Serum hs-CRP diambil dua kali, yaitu setelah pemberian PTL dan setelah pemberian madu, kemudian diukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasilnya menunjukkan kelompok tikus yang diberi PTL+intervensi madu hutan mengalami penurunan kadar hs-CRP yang signifikan (p=0,009). Hal ini menandakan efek antioksidan dan antiinflamasi pada madu hutan Apis dorsata dapat menurunkan kadar hs-CRP. Kesimpulannya, Madu hutan Apis dorsata dosis 0,5 ml/200 g BB mampu menurunkan kadar serum hs-CRP tikus Sprague dawley jantan yang diinduksi pakan tinggi lemak.

Desalew Degu Ayalew, Belayneh Ayanaw Kassie, Melkamu Tamir Hunegnaw et al.

Background: The world is now suffering from malnutrition and remains one of the leading causes of death for under 5 children. Children from developing countries, including Ethiopia also suffer from undernutrition due to suboptimal breastfeeding practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the EIBF practices and determinants among children aged less than 24 months in West Belessa district, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2 to February 28, 2019 in the West Belessa district. A total of 569 mother-children pairs were participated in the study. Study particnapants were selected by using simple random sampling technique. The data were collected by an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Data were entered and analyzed by using Epi-Info version 7 and SPPS version 20, respectively. Bi-variable and Multivariable logistic regression analysis were done. Odds ratio with 95% confidence was done to determine the level of significance value less than .05 considered as significant with the outcome variable. Result: The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) was found to be 77.7 % (95%CI, 74.3-81.0). Age of the mother (AOR = 2.76, 95%CI [1.21, 6.27]), antenatal care (ANC) (AOR = 3.79, 95%CI [2.58, 9.94]), and number of antenatal care visit (AOR = 1.85, 95%CI [1.03, 3.85]) were significantly associated with early initiation of breastfeeding. Conclusion and Recommendation: In this study, more than three fourth of children were received early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour after delivery. Age of the mother, antenatal, and number of antenatal care were associated with EIBF. Therefore, during this contact period, improve antenatal services by increasing accessibility and providing counseling is important to improve EIBF utilization.

Amanda D Blair, Erin Gubbels, Janna J Block et al.

The concept of fetal programming is based on the idea that nutritional status and environmental conditions encountered by the dam during pregnancy can have lifetime impacts on her offspring. These changes in the gestational environment have been shown to influence fetal development and subsequent growth performance, carcass composition, and meat quality characteristics. Beef fetuses can be particularly prone to experiencing variations in the maternal environment during development owing to a relatively long duration of pregnancy potentially exposing the dam to environmental temperature stress and/or seasonal conditions that can compromise feed quality or quantity. If feed is limited or forage conditions are poor, a maternal deficiency in protein and/or energy can occur as well as fluctuations in body condition of the dam. As a result, the fetus may receive inadequate levels of nutrients, potentially altering fetal development. There are critical windows of development during each stage of gestation in which various tissues, organs, and metabolic systems may be impacted. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are particularly vulnerable to alterations in the gestational environment because of their low priority for nutrients relative to vital organs and systems during development. The timing and severity of the environmental event or stressor as well as the ability of the dam to buffer negative effects to the fetus will dictate the developmental response. Much of the current research is focused on the influence of specific nutrients and timing of nutritional treatments on offspring carcass composition and meat quality, with the goal of informing strategies that will ultimately allow for the use of maternal nutritional management as a tool to optimize performance and meat quality of offspring.

О. В. Ніколюк, К. Ю. Соколюк, Л. І. Димбовська

У статті сформульовано універсальні теоретико-методологічні засади логістичного підходу, який використовується для вирішення різних завдань стратегічного управління підприємствами. За- пропоновано засади теорії кадрової логістики, насамперед концептуальні й науково-методичні поло- ження щодо забезпечення організації і підвищення результативності використання персоналу підпри- ємств на відповідних методологічних засадах імплементації логістичного підходу. Визначено, що логі- стичний підхід є важливою складовою у забезпеченні адаптивності підприємств до зовнішнього сере- довища. Встановлено, що формування логістичних систем в комерції передбачає інтеграцію систем руху товарно-матеріальних потоків на основі координації всіх процесів товаропросування, починаючи від закупівель товарів і закінчуючи поставкою їх споживачам, інтеграції управління товарними потока- ми, єдиної технології матеріального потоку, разом із комплексом послуг, що надаються клієнтам тор- говельного підприємства, адаптації логістичних систем до зміни зовнішнього та внутрішнього середо- вища комерційної логістики, раціональної організації всіх елементів комерційної логістики, забезпе- чення їх сумісності в організаційному і технологічному плані та інше.

Angeline Mujeyi, Maxwell Mudhara, Munyaradzi Mutenje

Abstract Background Agriculture contributes significantly to the welfare of smallholder farmers, but it has become highly susceptible to climate change, due to its reliance on the increasingly erratic rainfall patterns. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) offers important opportunities for enhancing food security and incomes through increased agriculture productivity. Technology evaluation through impact studies provides information on the effect of CSA on farmer welfare, thereby highlighting its potential in optimizing agriculture productivity. This paper analyses the impact of CSA adoption on food security and income of households, using cross-sectional survey data collected from 386 households across four districts in Zimbabwe. The analysis was done using the endogenous switching regression model which controls for selection bias and unobserved heterogeneity, a commonly used method in adoption impact analysis. Results The study found several agricultural and socio-economic factors which affect adoption and food security. The econometric results show that the status of soil fertility in fields, distance to input and output markets, ownership of communication assets, and Total Livestock Units (TLU) have a significant impact on the decision of farmers to adopt CSA. The Average Treatment Effects on the Treated (ATT) and Average Treatment Effects on the Untreated (ATU) were found to be positive and significant for adopters and non-adopters, indicating that CSA adoption has had a significantly positive impact on the welfare of the farmers. An analysis of the outcomes revealed that the characteristics of farmers and farms, as well as market factors, significantly affect the welfare of households. The household income, with reference to the adoption of CSA, was significantly affected by factors such as the education of household head, labour size, TLU, and asset index. Food security was influenced by factors such as the education of household head, TLU, access to sanitation, and arable land size. Conclusions The study concludes by giving policy recommendations centred on the access to inputs, sanitation, and encouraging investing in assets and TLU. The findings indicate that the adoption of CSA has a positive impact on the welfare of farmers. To exploit the full potential of these technologies, the study suggests that access to timely weather forecasts must be ensured, that sanitation must be promoted, and that incentives must be provided for agricultural input agro-dealers to decentralize to rural areas.

Ebrahim Sotoudeh, Milad Dehghani, Sina Saghaei et al.

In this study, the nutritional effects of sodium citrate (SC) on some growth indices, antioxidant status and Lactobacillus bacteria population of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) juvenile (initial weight of 6.5 ± 0.2 g) were studied for 8 weeks. Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets that fish meal was replaced with plant protein, supplemented with 0 g sodium citrate /kg diet (control), SC5 (5 g sodium citrate /kg diet) or SC10 (10 g sodium citrate /kg diet) sodium citrate. A total of three experimental diets were fed to three groups of yellowfin seabream. At the end of the nutritional experiment, the results exhibited that the mean final weight and weight gain indices in the fish fed with the sodium citrate were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). Survival rate was not significantly different between the treatments (p>0.05). The intestinal Lactobacillus population was significantly higher in the groups fed with the diets containing sodium citrate (p<0.05) than in control. Catalase and superoxidase superoxidase did not exhibit significant differences between experimental treatments (p>0.05). However, glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in the treatments (p<0.05) than in control. Index of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde in SC5 and SC10 significantly decreased compared to the control group (p<0.05). These results indicated that dietary supplementation of sodium citrate at a level of 5 g sodium citrate per kg diet improved growth performance, antioxidant status and beneficial intestinal microbiota of the yellowfin seabream juvenile.

EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (EFSA FEEDAP Panel), Vasileios Bampidis, Giovanna Azimonti et al.

Abstract PHYZYME® XP 10000 TPT/L is a feed additive that contains 6‐phytase produced by a genetically modified strain of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The applicant requested for the renewal of the authorisation for PHYZYME® XP 10000 TPT and L to be used as a feed additive for avian species for fattening/laying, weaned piglets, pigs for fattening and sows and for an extension of use to avian species reared for laying/breeding, suckling piglets and minor porcine species. To support the request or the renewal of the authorisation, the applicant provided evidence that the additive in the market complies with the conditions of the authorisation. According to the information provided by the applicant, no new evidence has been identified that would make the FEEDAP Panel reconsider the previous conclusions regarding the safety for the target species, consumer, user and environment. The application for renewal of the authorisation did not include a proposal for amending the conditions of use in those species for which an authorisation exists that would have an impact on the efficacy of the additive. Therefore, there was no need for assessing the efficacy of the additive in the context of the renewal of the authorisation. Regarding the new species/categories, the Panel concluded that the additive is safe and has a potential to be efficacious in avian species reared for laying/breeding at 250 FTU/kg feed and for suckling piglets and minor porcine species at 500 FTU/kg feed.

Flavia Belem Noguera Mesias, Mercedes Briones Urbano

Introducción: Se pretende conocer la disponibilidad de productos lácteos envasados con declaraciones de propiedades nutricionales en relación a grasas y valor calórico presentes en el etiquetado que se comercializan en Montevideo, y la interpretación que hace el consumidor de los términos utilizados. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, en productos lácteos con alegaciones nutricionales en relación a grasas y valor calórico presente en el etiquetado en comercios de la ciudad de Montevideo. La información fue obtenida del etiquetado de los alimentos. Se efectuó una encuesta a conveniencia, con preguntas cerradas a consumidores de más de 20 años, para conocer la interpretación de las alegaciones.     Resultados: El 14% de los productos lácteos disponibles en los comercios presentan alegaciones nutricionales en grasas y valor calórico, predominando éstas en los yogures y luego quesos untables. El nutriente más mencionado son las grasas. La alegación “0% grasas” se menciona en el 54% de los lácteos. El 64% de los encuestados declara que sí lee las alegaciones en el etiquetado. El principal motivo de compra mencionado es que el consumo de lácteos con reducción en energía o grasas es positivo para la salud. Se prefieren lácteos “0% grasas” y “light”. Conclusiones: La información contenida en el etiquetado nutricional de los lácteos resulta de interés para los consumidores. Esto es positivo ya que las alegaciones pueden ser una herramienta para elegir alimentos con un menor porcentaje calórico y un menor contenido graso, lo que repercute positivamente sobre la salud de los consumidores.

Sultan Mahmood, Leah Hoffman, Ijlal Akbar Ali et al.

Background: Resident physicians are frequently uncomfortable ordering enteral nutrition (EN) and are unaware of the variety of formulas and supplements available for different disease processes. Many depend on a clinical dietician to assist with recommending EN formulas and patient energy requirements that may not be readily available on patient admission. This creates a barrier to early initiation of EN and non-compliance with Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition clinical guidelines. Objective: Internal medicine resident physicians were provided an iPod with a smart phone/device application (EN application) to assist them in choosing EN formulas for patients during their intensive care unit (ICU) rotation. The primary outcome was improved initiation of EN within 24 hours of admission. Secondary outcomes included the following: time to initiate EN, goal calories reached, infections rates, length of stay, mortality, and concordance with clinical guidelines. Design: The study is a quasi-experimental design to improve delivery of EN at an academic medical center in the medical ICU. Data were collected from a retrospective chart review to evaluate the impact of an EN application to assist resident physicians when ordering EN. Results: Use of the EN application reduced the percent of patients with delayed initiation of EN from 61.2% prior to 37.5% ( P  < .01). The mean time to initiate EN also improved 44.5 vs 31.9 hours ( P  < .01). Patients were also more likely to achieve their daily caloric goal ( P  < .01). Conclusion: The use of an EN application to assist internal medicine residents when ordering EN reduced delays in initiation of EN and improved overall delivery of EN to medical ICU patients.

Tawfiq Ammari, S. Schoenebeck, S. Lindtner

M. Castells, Alan Sheridan

George Kent