Cet article entreprend de faire l’histoire des fourneaux et soupes populaires juifs de Paris. Le premier fourneau, ouvert en 1855 par le Consistoire dans le Marais, est destiné aux juifs pauvres, qui en raison des lois alimentaires juives (cashrout) ne peuvent se rendre
dans les soupes populaires de la capitale. Il sera suivi par deux autres initiatives, l’une consistoriale, à Montmartre, l’autre privée fondée par A. Pereyra, notable juif portugais. Cet article se propose de faire l’histoire de ces trois fourneaux juifs parisiens, de leur organisation, de leur financement et du public qui les fréquente. Il montre également comment ces fourneaux sont des lieux où se lit l’histoire des juifs de France ; c’est dans ces espaces que se révèle l’importance du modèle israélite, la volonté d’intégration de la minorité juive et son aspiration à l’égalité. S’y lit aussi en contraste la dissidence que représente le modèle véhiculé par les
juifs immigrés. Enfin, il met en lumière l’importance des initiatives philanthropiques comme moyen de défense dans la lutte contre l’antisémitisme.
Aim: This study aimed to: (1) explore post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in relation to sociodemographic, obstetric, and childbirth trauma factors; (2) assess the association between perceived stress levels and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms; and (3) analyze how the duration of perceived stress affects post-traumatic stress disorder. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Data were collected via an online survey, including demographic and obstetric information, traumatic childbirth events, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and perceived stress levels and duration in the postpartum period. The study was conducted with 202 women who self-identified as having experienced a traumatic childbirth. Results: Post-traumatic stress disorder scores did not differ significantly by most sociodemographic or obstetric factors, but cesarean delivery was linked to higher post-traumatic stress disorder scores compared to vaginal delivery with forceps or vacuum extraction, mediated by increased perceived stress. Perceived stress levels showed a significant positive association with all post-traumatic stress disorder dimensions. Stress duration significantly was related to total post-traumatic stress disorder scores, with longer stress being associated with greater severity of symptoms. Conclusion: Cesarean delivery and prolonged, elevated stress during childbirth are key risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, highlighting the need for targeted postpartum mental health interventions.
Desde o início do processo de ocupação de seu território, o patrimônio edificado e a paisagem urbana da cidade de Ouro Preto (Minas Gerais, Brasil) sofreram diversas modificações. Em um primeiro momento, durante a colonização portuguesa, essa paisagem foi pautada pela exploração do solo na busca de minérios e caracterizada por aspectos do barroco. Um segundo momento, da conformação urbana, diz respeito ao período de modernização nacional e valorização do patrimônio. Já no contexto contemporâneo, a materialidade dessa paisagem é conformada por dois aspectos: decorrente do urbanismo neoliberal, a turistificação do território pela associação da indústria do turismo à indústria cultural; simultaneamente, a busca dos moradores pela sobrevivência no espaço urbano por meio de ocupações informais. Neste sentido, referenciado em um entendimento particular da noção de paisagem, este trabalho propõe um olhar sobre as paisagens urbanas construídas em Ouro Preto ao longo da exploração do seu território, a partir da ênfase na materialidade, usos e apropriações.
La difusión del sello como instrumento de validación documental, coincidió con la creación de las instituciones concejiles andaluzas con ocasión de la conquista castellana del valle del Guadalquivir. La instauración del modelo concejil en Andalucía supuso la creación de nuevas instituciones, que necesitaron de sellos diplomáticos para la expedición de sus documentos. En este trabajo se ahonda sobre las improntas de los concejos de Córdoba, Sevilla y Cádiz, su creación y su uso como instrumento garante del negocio documentado, analizándose algunas de sus particularidades representativas más significativas.
Antonio Reguera-Teba, Isidro Martínez- Casas, Pablo Torné-Poyatos
et al.
Abstract Improving knowledge on the epidemiology and analysing the prognostic factors of severity for injuries caused by fighting bulls in Spain, Portugal and southern France. Observational retrospective study including 1239 patients with a reported history of bull horn injuries between January 2012 and November 2019 in Spain, Portugal or southern France. A multiple logistic regression test was used to analyse the prognostic factors of severity and mortality rate of these lesions. The mean accident rate was 9.13% and the mortality rate was 0.48%. The most frequent mechanism of trauma was goring, and the commonest locations of the lesions were thigh and groin. Vascular lesion was found in 20% of thigh/groin gorings. Prognostic factors of severity were vascular lesion, head trauma, fracture, goring injuries and age of the animal. The most reliable prognostic factors of mortality were vascular lesion and goring in the back. Lesions caused by fighting bulls are common in the bullfighting events held in Spain, Portugal and southern France. Although the mortality rate is low, there is a higher morbidity rate, which is conditioned by vascular lesion. All medical teams should include a surgeon experienced in vascular surgery and an anaesthesiologist.
La Prefectura Naval Argentina es una fuerza de seguridad de carácter nacional cuya misión principal es la seguridad en aguas navegables y costas del país. En el año 2000 esta fuerza incorporó mujeres por primera vez en sus más de 200 años de existencia, y en el 2003 ingresaron a la Escuela Nacional Superior de Salvamento y Buceo, una división especial caracterizada por el entrenamiento y las maniobras de riesgo para el rescate en las aguas. Desde diferentes perspectivas, varones y mujeres suponen que las destrezas y cuidados físicos de las camaradas mujeres son clave para profesionalizarse y empoderarse en las tareas de ultramar. Este artículo muestra el valor muscular y deportivo como puente para la valorización de las mujeres en una división policial de élite.
The worldwide expansion of cultural and heritage tourism presents several opportunities for destination development, but also poses significant challenges in terms of management. This is especially true when different, overlapping, and potentially conflicting meanings coexist in the same location, as when distinct layers of the history of a site are unearthed by archaeology. Considering faith as confidence in the perpetuation of identities, an element common to both heritage and religion, this paper presents the results of a study of the heritagization process of a Christian chapel in Loulé (Algarve, Portugal), where traces of the city’s Islamic past were uncovered, and of the strategies implemented considering the site’s overlapping meanings. The results indicate that the embracement, rather than the suppression, of dissonant layers of significance in the heritagization of a religious site can contribute to a community’s richer sense of its enduring memory through a new dialogue with its multifaceted past and the validation of previously disregarded traces of its identity.
Christophe Maneuvrier, Michel Daeffler, Isabelle Bretthauer
La découverte de nouveaux documents issus d’archives judiciaires permet de mieux appréhender l’organisation des voyages des ports normands vers le Brésil. Les départs avaient généralement lieu à l’automne ou au début de l’hiver, les retours s’effectuant durant l’été. Pour réduire les risques et échapper aux
flottes portugaises, les navires voyageaient en convois, souvent de trois à cinq navires dont les caractéristiques peuvent être présentées grâce à plusieurs contrats de construction conservés dans des registres notariés. La mise en oeuvre de ces expéditions nécessitait d’importants capitaux rassemblés par des
marchands rouennais. Parmi eux, figurent plusieurs familles d’origine espagnole de niveau international qui pouvaient parfois s’associer avec des investisseurs de Paris, de Lyon, ou de Champagne. Les quantités de bois‑brésil rapportées en Normandie étaient considérables. Une partie de ces marchandises fut très tôt réexpédiée à Paris, la Rochelle et jusqu’à Anvers, Rouen étant alors un entrepôt international de tout premier ordre. Le bois‑brésil
était utilisé comme produit tinctorial mais aussi dans l’architecture, notamment au château de Fontainebleau (demeure favorite de François Ier), ainsi que dans la fabrication de meubles ou de petits objets de luxe. Ces sources nouvelles montrent enfin que les expéditions des frères Verrazzano n’ont pas ouvert la route du Brésil aux marchands français, mais que ces échanges ont commencé beaucoup plus tôt, même si une accélération de ce trafic est probable au cours de la décennie 1520.
Objectives To determine the prevalence of multimorbidity in the adult population attending primary care in Portugal, to identify associated sociodemographic factors, and to reveal combinations of chronic health problems. Design Cross-sectional, analytical study. Setting Primary Care Centres in mainland Portugal across the five Portuguese Healthcare Administrative Regions. Participants 1279 women and 714 men agreed to participate. The mean age was 56.3 years (59.0 years for men; 54.8 years for women). The most frequent marital status was married/cohabiting (69.5%). The most predominant living arrangement was living as a couple (57.2%). A considerable proportion consisted of pensioners/retirees (41.5%) and adults with a low educational level (48.7%). Sufficient monthly income was reported in 54.4% of the cases. Primary outcome measures For each patient, multimorbidity was measured either by the presence of ≥2 or ≥3 chronic health problems, from a list of 147 chronic health problems. Clinical data were collected using the general practitioner's knowledge of the patient's history, patient's self-report and medical records. Cluster analyses were performed to reveal distinct patterns of multimorbidity. Secondary outcome measures Patient social and demographic data (sex, age, residence area, current marital status, number of years of formal education, living arrangements, professional status and self-perceived economic status). Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between sociodemographic factors and multimorbidity. Results Multimorbidity (2 or more chronic health problems) was present in 72.7%. When a cut-off of three or more was used, an expressive percentage of multimorbidity (57.2%) remained present. The likelihood of having multimorbidity increased significantly with age. Pensioners/retirees and adults with low levels of education were significantly more likely to suffer from multimorbidity. Cardiometabolic and mental disorders were the most common chronic health problems. Six multimorbidity clusters have been identified. Conclusions Multimorbidity was found to be a common occurrence in the Portuguese primary care users. Future primary healthcare policies should take multimorbidity into consideration.
Indigo, the blue dye, was extracted from plants in ancient times, some 5000-6000 years ago (3000-4000 BCE), both in the Old (Asia, Africa and Europe) and New (Americas) Worlds. It got its name Indigo, because it reached Europe from Indus Valley, India and later from other parts of India by the Portuguese and other European sailors. It was commercially encouraged and traded by the British, firstly by the cultivation of indigo plant and production of the dye in South Carolina, USA in mid18th century, which was then a British colony. However, this stopped after the British colonies in USA gained their freedom after American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). It was then that British East India Company (BEIC) started its production in Bengal and part of the current Bihar states of India and continued it until the second decade of 20th century. The managers of BEIC forced the farmers to grow indigo in place of food crops by attracting them with loans on virtually non-repayable conditions. This caused considerable tyranny and torture of farmers and finally led to the Nīl Vidroha (Nīl Revolt) of 1857, and forced the British Government to appoint a Commission of Enquiry, which confirmed the atrocities caused by the British East India Company. The British Government closed the East India Company and took command of the country’s rule in 1858. There was a second Nīl Revolt (Satyāgraha, the name given to this nonviolent revolt) in Champaran, Bihar launched by the Father of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi in 1917.Thus, indigo crop has been associated with and created quite a bit of history. Faced by high prices charged by the British traders for indigo dye, German chemists had already started their search for making synthetic indigo and Adolf Baeyer succeeded in synthesizing it in 1882. This was followed by research by other German chemists, namely, Johannes Pfleger and Karl Heumann in the first decade of 20th century. The synthetic dye was much cheaper and blew the final blow to the natural plant produced indigo dye and indigo crop became a part of history. Now most of the indigo dye used world-over is made synthetically. Nevertheless, in recent years some interest has arisen in natural indigo dye due to growing demand for organic clothes and natural dyes.
ABSTRACT In 1940, the Portuguese regime, named Estado Novo, hosted its biggest national exhibition: the Exhibition of the Portuguese World (EPW). The event aimed both to commemorate Portuguese history and to justify the teleological nature of the dictatorship. This article discusses the national identity narrative conveyed by the allegorical pavilions conceived for the historical section of the EPW. In examining the ephemeral architecture and the debate which arose among intellectuals at the event, this article explores the process of narration and reinterpretation surrounding the display and elucidates the complex process of reception by the citizenry.
During the years 2007-2015 multiple Argentinian playwrights and filmmakers approached the world of television through a vast production of fictional series issued by the Public TV Channel. The participation of these artists in broadcast format and the transformations that occured in the fictions of the studied period are part of a process of legislative, technological, institutional and aesthetic changes which seek to legitimize contemporary fiction television with so-called “quality products”. In the present article I intend to analyse Diego Lerman’s La casa (2015), a paradigmatic example of the transformations in the national public fiction of the period addressed.
Depois de três décadas de hesitações, avanços e recuos da política ferroviária do Fontismo, Portugal enveredou decididamente na construção de caminhos de ferro na década de 1880. Neste período, a rede nacional conheceu o maior crescimento da sua história (passada e futura) e chegou inclusivamente às colónias. Neste artigo, iremos analisar este processo histórico recorrendo aos conceitos de determinismo, sublime e nacionalismo tecnológico.