Hasil untuk "History of Italy"

Nolan Blair, Fritz Sandra Tornberg, Derudas Paola et al.

This article is a Bioarchaeology of Care and Disability focused analysis of an individual who suffered a severe fracture of the left knee in Late Medieval Lund, Scania (1300–1536 CE). We question the degree to which written sources from the period represent the reality of the disability experience, and to that end how identities intersect in the Medieval urban landscape. Following an index of care model methodology, we provide an interpretation of the pathological evidence within the archaeological and historical context of Medieval Lund. In this case, the individual received both short and long-term care, which included treatment of pain and inflammation, assistance with hygiene and nutrition, and the management of disability as a result of physical impairment for the remainder of the individual’s life. Their treatment in death with a prominent burial position close to the church, a symbol of upper social status during the Medieval period, demonstrates that the identity of disability in the past is a much more complex process than can be gleaned from the written sources. Our analysis also employed 3D online visualization and annotation solutions to aid in the analysis and dissemination of our results, making data more accessible to readers and researchers alike.

Ottavia Eleonora Ferraro , Anna Morandi , Manuela Anelli et al.

Introduction Despite advancements in emergency care and prevention, many road traffic crash (RTC) survivors suffer from enduring impairments that are insufficiently considered and registered in hospital records or existing surveillance systems. Building upon evidence from prior initiatives [1-3], this study aims to (1) assess the multidimensional long-term outcomes of RTCs, (2) identify early predictors of functional and psychological recovery, and (3) inform data-driven strategies for post-injury rehabilitation and health system planning. Aim The ProtAct-Us from Long-Term Consequences of Road Crashes (ProtAct-Us), a project funded by the European Union, addresses a critical, yet often underexplored, multidimensional aspect of road safety: the long-term consequences of road traffic crashes (RTCs) on individuals' physical, cognitive, psychological, and socio-economic well-being. Methods This multicentre, prospective, observational longitudinal study will be conducted across Germany, Greece, and Italy. The study population comprises adults (≥18 years) involved in RTCs, enrolled through hospitals, trauma centres, or on the accident scene from June to December 2025. Consecutive sampling will be performed until the minimum required sample size of 120 subjects is collected. Informed consent will be obtained in compliance with national regulations.  Data will be collected at two timepoints: baseline (within 30 days after the accident) and 12 months post-injury. Validated instruments will be used, covering health-related quality of life (EQ-5D), cognitive function (MoCA), psychological status (CES-D, IES-R), social support (MOS), and economic burden (Muarc). Variables related to injury characteristics, health history, and contextual factors (e.g. access to care, social and work reintegration) will also be recorded. Statistical Analysis Descriptive analyses will summarise the sample's clinical, psychological, and socio-demographic features. Recovery trajectories and outcome prevalence at 12 months will be analyzed. Univariate analyses will explore associations between potential predictors and outcomes. Multivariate regression will identify independent predictors of poor recovery, such as persistent pain, psychological distress, or reduced participation in the daily activities.   Conclusion By integrating medical, psychological, cognitive, and socio-economic data, the ProtAct-Us study will try to provide a comprehensive understanding of the long-term burden of RTCs. This multidimensional approach is expected to generate evidence-based recommendations to improve recovery pathways, tailor rehabilitation programs, and enhance policy responses. Findings will contribute to a more person-centred and sustainable management of the road traffic injury consequences for all road traffic users. Findings from ProtAct-Us will contribute to evidence-based public health and policy-making by quantifying the long-term burden of RTCs and identifying modifiable risk factors, ultimately supporting more effective post-crash care strategies.

Lingxi Liu, Aurore Malmert, Emeline Pouyet et al.

In the context of clustering and classification, the choice between spatial and spectral features hinges on data characteristics and analytical goals. Spatial features excel in spatially contextualised data like urban planning and object detection, capturing adjacent pixel relationships. Spectral features, prominent in hyperspectral data, shine in tasks requiring precise material identification. However, managing extensive hyperspectral data poses challenges, prompting hybrid approaches for efficient data segmentation. This study presents an innovative data processing pipeline that combines spatial and spectral clustering techniques for the extraction and mapping of spectral signatures in both cinematic films and pointillism painting. We explore Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) Superpixel’s potential in reducing hyperspectral data while maintaining spectral richness. By optimizing superpixel segmentation and extracting central spectra, we reduce data size significantly. This facilitates applying various machine learning algorithms, especially the soft clustering algorithms Fuzzy C-Means clustering (FCM) and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM), to classify spectra into distinct colourant groups, identifying complex mixtures and areas of degradation. This research highlights the potential of machine learning in aiding artwork diagnostics, conservation, and restoration, with transferable models for similar scenarios.

Khrystyna Kuzmych, Marcello Covino, Mattia Paratore et al.

Background: Pneumomediastinum (PNM) is a severe complication in COVID-19 patients, potentially exacerbating morbidity and requiring heightened clinical attention. This study aims to identify risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes associated with PNM in COVID-19 patients hospitalized for respiratory failure in our institution. Methods: Among 4513 patients admitted in our institution and testing positive for COVID-19 infection during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (1 March 2020 to 31 July 2020), we conducted a single-center, retrospective case–control study focusing our analysis on those with severe disease (respiratory failure). The cohort included a total of 65 patients (32 with PNM and 33 without PNM in the same period). Data were retrospectively collected from hospital records, including demographics, comorbidities, smoking history, clinical and laboratory findings, and imaging results. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test and Student’s <i>t</i>-test, with significance set at α = 0.05. Results: Patients with PNM were significantly younger (54.9 ± 18.5 vs. 65.4 ± 14.3 years, <i>p</i> = 0.0214) and exhibited higher inflammatory markers, particularly white blood cells count (WBC) at admission (11.4 ± 5.4 vs. 6.5 ± 4.1, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Although smoking status, body mass index (BMI), and major comorbidities did not differ significantly between groups, COPD was more prevalent in the PNM group (46.9% vs. 15.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.0148). Radiologically, ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidations were more frequent in PNM patients (93.7% vs. 51.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.0002; 78.1% vs. 42.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.0051, respectively). PNM was associated with longer hospital stays (28.5 ± 14.9 vs. 12.0 ± 7.2 days, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and a higher need for invasive mechanical ventilation (53.1% vs. 30.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.0619). However, mortality rates did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: PNM in patients with severe COVID-19 infection is associated with younger age, elevated inflammatory markers, and extensive lung involvement, contributing to increased morbidity and prolonged hospitalization. Early detection and tailored management strategies, including optimized respiratory support and aggressive anti-inflammatory therapies, are crucial in mitigating the adverse outcomes associated with PNM. Further research is needed to validate these findings and improve clinical protocols for managing this complication.

Tatjana A. Koshemchuk, Marina S. Samarina

The lyrical cycle of the A.A. Block “Italian Poems” (1909) is a travelogue of the poet (a number of contemplated cities), it is considered from three points of view: as reflecting the isolation of the poet-lyricist on his own experiences and embodying the central theme of Blok, denoted as passion; as a unity of variations in the composition of the whole (not previously considered), in the development of the poet’s central theme; as the part of the third volume in the concept of the poet’s path, which in spirit is the culmination of the period of “antithesis.” The Italian theme is analyzed in variations of the poet’s dominant intention, in the cycle it is the search for the object of passion. First, the history of Italy as a story of extinct passions awakening the passions of the poet (Galla); then the real women of Italy; finally, the poet’s passion turns to the Madonna of frescoes and sculptures, giving rise to demonic motives and blasphemously erotic culminations. The development of the theme of passions (realhistorical, feminine and Eternally Feminine) leads to the assertion of immortal art in the transitory world. The analysis of Blok’s Italian cycle suggests introducing of the new accents into the concept of the poet’s path, of its three stages: the cycle marks not the harmonization and search for synthesis of the third volume, but a dark culmination in the spirit of the period of tragic substitutions and “falls” of the “antithesis” stage.

Myriam Juan, Stella Scabelli

This essay compares the professional experiences of Suzanne Chantal and Paola Ojetti in 1930s France and in 1930s and early-1940s Italy, respectively. Beyond their very different political, national, and cultural contexts, these women both occupied central positions within some of the most influential film periodicals of the era: Suzanne Chantal for Cinémonde  and Paola Ojetti for Film. This study is mainly based on sources which enable us to take a closer look at their activities, their working conditions, and their feelings regarding the treatment they received while working for these periodicals. Sources include Suzanne Chantal’s memoirs and her personal diaries from the late 1930s, kept by her family, and Paola Ojetti’s extensive working correspondence, preserved in the Fondo Mino Doletti of the Biblioteca Renzo Renzi at the Cineteca di Bologna, as well as other correspondence documents preserved in Italian archives. This paper explores the working trajectories and social positioning made by these two largely forgotten but powerfully significant figures in order to establish themselves in a predominantly male professional and cultural environment, while at the same time questioning the limits of their integration. By shedding light on microhistory and questioning gender issues, this article turns its attention primarily to working practices, women’s paths, and social networks of film press and film criticism history.

Federico Del Giudice

During the 1930s, Argentina was gripped by a vast trade union mobilisation, particularly in the building and public works sector. The workers' movement was led by a mixed leadership, made up of both Argentines of immigrant background, and a large number of foreigners from the most recent waves of migration. These strikes occur in a decade of upheaval in Argentine history, starting from the coup d'état of September 6th,1930 which brought to power General José Félix Uriburu, as expression of the conservative and nationalist right. Uriburu and his successor, Agustín Pedro Justo, engaged in a relentless repression of the trade union and communist movement. Foreign activists became the target of arrests and deportations. Among them, five Italian trade union activists were deported to their country of origin in October 1937, where they were immediately confined by the fascist regime. Based on the history of these Italian trade unionists, this article aims to understand the threat they posed to the countries of immigration and emigration. These transnational actors participated in the circulation of ideas and organisational models perceived as a threat by Argentina and Italy, which thus collaborated to counter their militant initiative.

Sara Invitto, Soheil Keshmiri, Andrea Mazzatenta et al.

The perception of putative pheromones or social odors (PPSO) in humans is a widely debated topic because the published results seem ambiguous. Our research aimed to evaluate how cross-modal processing of PPSO and gender voice can affect the behavioral and psychophysiological states of the subject during a listening task with a bodily contact medium, and how these effects could be gender related. Before the experimental session, three embodied media, were exposed to volatilized estratetraenol (Estr), 5α-androst-16-en-3 α-ol (Andr), and Vaseline oil. The experimental session consisted in listening to a story that were transmitted, with a male or female voice, by the communicative medium via a Bluetooth system during a listening task, recorded through 64-active channel electroencephalography (EEG). The sense of co-presence and social presence, elicited by the medium, showed how the established relationship with the medium was gender dependent and modulated by the PPSO. In particular, Andr induced greater responses related to co-presence. The gender of the participants was related to the co-presence desire, where women imagined higher medium co-presence than men. EEG findings seemed to be more responsive to the PPSO–gender voice interaction, than behavioral results. The mismatch between female PPSO and male voice elicited the greatest cortical flow of information. In the case of the Andr–male voice condition, the trained model appeared to assign more relevance to the flow of information to the right frontotemporal regions (involved in odor recognition memory and social behavior). The Estr–male voice condition showed activation of the bilateral frontoparietal network, which is linked to cognitive control, cognitive flexibility, and auditory consciousness. The model appears to distinguish the dissonance condition linked to Andr matched with a female voice: it highlights a flow of information to the right occipital lobe and to the frontal pole. The PPSO could influence the co-presence judgements and EEG response. The results seem suggest that could be an implicit pattern linked to PPSO-related gender differences and gender voice.

Massimiliano Ghinassi, Mauro Aldinucci, Valeria Bianchi et al.

Downcutting and infill of incised valley systems is mostly controlled by relative sea-level changes, and studies on valley-fill successions accumulated independently from relative sea-level or lake-level oscillations are limited. This study focuses on the Plio-Pleistocene evolution of a fluvial drainage system developed in Southern Tuscany (Italy) following a regional marine forced regression at the end of Piacentian. Subsequent in-valley aggradation was not influenced by any relative sea-level rise, and valley morphological and depositional history mainly resulted from interaction between sediment supply and tectonic activity, which caused segmentation of the major valley trunk into localized subsiding depocenters separated by upwarping blocks. Fluvial sedimentation occurred until late Calabrian time, when the major river abandoned that valley, where minor fluvio-lacustrine depocenters allowed accumulation of siliciclastic and carbonate deposits. The present study demonstrates that the infill of the valley was not controlled by the forcing that caused its incision. Accumulation of the fluvial succession is discussed here in relation with localized, tectonic-controlled base levels, which commonly prevent from establishing of a clear downdip stratigraphic correlations. Chronological reconstruction of the study depositional dynamics provides solid constrains to frame them in the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Northern Apennines.

Ertugrul Karacuha, Nisa Ozge Onal, Esra Ergun et al.

This study focuses on modeling, prediction, and analysis of confirmed, recovered, and death cases of COVID-19 by using Fractional Calculus in comparison with other models for eight countries including China, France, Italy, Spain, Turkey, the UK, and the US. First, the dataset is modeled using our previously proposed approach Deep Assessment Methodology, next, one step prediction of the future is made using two methods: Deep Assessment Methodology and Long Short-Term Memory. Later, a Gaussian prediction model is proposed to predict the short-term (30 Days) future of the pandemic, and prediction performance is evaluated. The proposed Gaussian model is compared to a time-dependent susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. Lastly, an analysis of understanding the effect of history is made on memory vectors using wavelet-based denoising and correlation coefficients. Results prove that Deep Assessment Methodology successfully models the dataset with 0.6671%, 0.6957%, and 0.5756% average errors for confirmed, recovered, and death cases, respectively. We found that using the proposed Gaussian approach underestimates the trend of the pandemic and the fastest increase is observed in the US while the slowest is observed in China and Spain. Analysis of the past showed that, for all countries except Turkey, the current time instant is mainly dependent on the past two weeks where countries like Germany, Italy, and the UK have a shorter average incubation period when compared to the US and France.

Kaare R. Norum, Alan T. Remaley, Helena E. Miettinen et al.

LCAT converts free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters in the process of reverse cholesterol transport. Familial LCAT deficiency (FLD) is a genetic disease that was first described by Kaare R. Norum and Egil Gjone in 1967. This report is a summary from a 2017 symposium where Dr. Norum recounted the history of FLD and leading experts on LCAT shared their results. The Tesmer laboratory shared structural findings on LCAT and the close homolog, lysosomal phospholipase A2. Results from studies of FLD patients in Finland, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were presented, as well as the status of a patient registry. Drs. Kuivenhoven and Calabresi presented data from carriers of genetic mutations suggesting that FLD does not necessarily accelerate atherosclerosis. Dr. Ng shared that LCAT-null mice were protected from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dr. Zhou presented multiple innovations for increasing LCAT activity for therapeutic purposes, whereas Dr. Remaley showed results from treatment of an FLD patient with recombinant human LCAT (rhLCAT). Dr. Karathanasis showed that rhLCAT infusion in mice stimulates cholesterol efflux and suggested that it could also enhance cholesterol efflux from macrophages. While the role of LCAT in atherosclerosis remains elusive, the consensus is that a continued study of both the enzyme and disease will lead toward better treatments for patients with heart disease and FLD.

Dorota Gorzelany-Nowak

The objective of the article is to discuss the history of the acquiring of marble sculptures by Prince Władysław Czartoryski during his two stays in Italy: in Naples in 1889 and in Rome in 1891, based on preserved archival documents. The statues include such exquisite examples as a sculpture of Venus Medici from the beginning of the 1st century AD, as well as examples of compilations of ancient fragments that supposedly had previously belonged to the Roman Torlonia collection. Formal analysis of individual objects is expanded upon with information related to conservations they have been subject to.

Emanuele Luciani

In the eighteenth century the scientists had very different opinions about the new foods that had spread in Europe after the discovery of America. Also in Verona there was a lot of interest in this matter and an illustrious doctor (Giovanni Dalla Bona) published in 1751 an interesting book on this subject (in particular about coffee and chocolate). He took an intermediate position between those who considered these new foods and drinks harmful to health and those who considered them healthy. Dalla Bona, basing on the science of his time, came to a conclusion that coincides with the common sense: it is necessary to distinguish case by case (coffee, for example, is good for some but bad for others) and, above all, to avoid the abuses that are always harmful for the health.

Carlo Ugolotti

Riflessioni su un progetto di alternanza scuola-lavoro, organizzato dall&rsquo;Isrec Parma, e sulle problematiche relative all&rsquo;insegnamento della storia pi&ugrave; recente nelle scuole.

Ugo Sauro

The Monti Lessini, a mountain group located north of the town of Verona, has been the scene of many different human adventures, some of them related to the local karst environment and features. In particular, during the Late Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Modern Age, interesting undertakings linked with natural monuments and peculiarities of the karst environment, have involved famous people, cultural leaders of the time, as well as local inhabitants. Amongst celebrities there are hints that: 1) during the XIV century Dante Alighieri visited some karst cavities in the mountains, 2) during the XV century the famous painter Andrea Mantegna painted an image of the Ponte di Veja, a natural bridge, in the Camera degli Sposi of the Ducal Palace of Mantua. Of contemporary cultural leaders: 1) in the XVI century the pharmacist, Francesco Calceolari, created one of the first Wunderkammer in the world in Verona, an exhibition of curious objects collected in the mountains, 2) in 1739 the local priest, Gregorio Piccoli, began a description of paleontological cave fillings, proposed an interesting and in some respects modern interpretation of the geological history of the mountains. The local inhabitants of the mountain have been able not only to solve some of the environmental problems caused by the scarcity of surface water, but also to exploit some of the unusual resources such as ice trapped in caves. They also developed a system of producing ice and of storing it in cylindrical warehouses inspired by the local karst shafts. They understood aspects of the functioning of the karst geosystem, including underground karst hydrology and the dynamics of the epikarstic zone. Thus, here in the Lessini existence of the epikarst was understood by simple people long before the modern researchers.  Key Words: Man and karst, understanding of the karst environment, exploitation of natural resources, Monti Lessini, Venetian Prealps, Italy.

Arianna Dagnino

Alessandro Spina, né Basili Shafik Khouzam, was born in Benghazi in 1927 into a family of Maronites from Aleppo and spent most of his life between Libya and Italy, speaking several languages and writing in Italian. He may be described as the “unsung” writer of Italian colonial and post-colonial past in North Africa. Spina’s oeuvre—collected in an omnibus edition, I confini dell’ombra. In terra d’oltremare (Morcelliana)—charts the history of Libya from 1911, when Italy invaded the Ottoman province, to 1966, when the country witnessed the economic boom sparked by the petrodollars. The cycle was awarded the Premio Bagutta, Italy’s highest literary accolade. In 2015, Darf Press published in English the first instalment of Spina’s opus with the title The Confines of the Shadows. In Lands Overseas. Spina always refused to be pigeonholed in some literary category and to be labeled as a colonial or postcolonial author. As a matter of fact, his works go beyond the spatial and imaginary boundaries of a given state or genre, emphasizing instead the mixing and collision of languages, cultures, identities, and forms of writing. Reading and re-discovering Spina in a transcultural mode brings to light the striking newness of his literary efforts, in which transnational lived life, creative imagination, and transcultural sensibility are inextricably interlaced.

S. Sarno, S. Tofanelli, S. De Fanti et al.

The relationship between genetic and linguistic diversification in human populations has been often explored to interpret some specific issues in human history. The Albanian-speaking minorities of Sicily and Southern Italy (Arbereshe) constitute an important portion of the ethnolinguistic variability of Italy. Their linguistic isolation from neighboring Italian populations and their documented migration history, make such minorities particularly effective for investigating the interplay between cultural, geographic and historical factors. Nevertheless, the extent of Arbereshe genetic relationships with the Balkan homeland and the Italian recipient populations has been only partially investigated. In the present study we address the genetic history of Arbereshe people by combining highly resolved analyses of Y-chromosome lineages and extensive computer simulations. A large set of slow- and fast-evolving molecular markers was typed in different Arbereshe communities from Sicily and Southern Italy (Calabria), as well as in both the putative Balkan source and Italian sink populations. Our results revealed that the considered Arbereshe groups, despite speaking closely related languages and sharing common cultural features, actually experienced diverging genetic histories. The estimated proportions of genetic admixture confirm the tight relationship of Calabrian Arbereshe with modern Albanian populations, in accordance with linguistic hypotheses. On the other hand, population stratification and/or an increased permeability of linguistic and geographic barriers may be hypothesized for Sicilian groups, to account for their partial similarity with Greek populations and their higher levels of local admixture. These processes ultimately resulted in the differential acquisition or preservation of specific paternal lineages by the present-day Arbereshe communities.

E. Fantham

Giulia Calvi

This paper is part of an ongoing research on dress and appearances in the framework of cultural history. It focuses on the transfer of visual culture concerning dress and bodily practices of the Balkan regions across Italy and Europe in the late Renaissance. Less focused on the materiality of clothes, the paper aims at reconstructing processes of cultural representation and dissemination across space within an interpretive framework that views the production of images as part of broader political tensions, intersecting the coexistence of ethnic and religious minorities. I shall focus on a neglected area of research, i.e. Balkan costumes and the ways in which they were represented in the xvi century, taking into account the transfers, tensions and failures inherent in the migration of images, and the ways in which visual hegemonies were gradually established. Tracing the representation of costumes and customs from the Balkan Peninsula in Sixteenth century Europe implies a transcultural and trans regional approach. It requires a constant crossing of borders between the contested and changing territories of three Empires of different dimensions: the Ottoman, Hapsburg and Venetian stato da mar. Representing Balkan identities therefore means locating ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities inside large scale competing political entities where bodies and attire were often sites of camouflaged and ambivalent identities and where minorities marked their traditions mostly through ritual and the costumes of women

Eduardo González Calleja

The fascist foreign politics was characterized by an aggressive tone of protest, which aspired to involve all social and economic forces of the country in an imperial-minded revisionist project. Colonies of emigrants were seen as a matter of proselytizing in the times of the conquest of the power, as speakers of the new domestic and foreign in the years of regime consolidation and as the diffusing avant-gardes of an expansionist project of ideological content in his totalitarian phase. The essential instrument to address this politics of fascistization of the emigrants were the Fasci Italiani all'Estero, whose history went from the initial claim of autonomy at the beginning of the twenties to their control in the context of the institutionalization of the totalitarian State during the decade of the thirties and to their decline with the intervention of Italy in the Second World War. | La política exterior del fascismo se caracterizó por un tono agresivamente reivindicativo, que aspiraba a implicar a todas las fuerzas sociales y económicas del país en un proyecto revisionista con vocación imperial. Las colonias de emigrantes fueron contempladas como objeto de proselitismo en los tiempos de la conquista del poder, como altavoces de la nueva política interior y exterior en los años de consolidación del régimen y como las vanguardias difusoras de un proyecto expansivo de contenido ideológico en su fase totalitaria. El instrumento esencial para abordar esta política de fascistización de los emigrantes fueron los Fasci Italiani all’Estero, cuya historia pasó de la inicial reivindicación de autonomía a inicio de los años veinte a su control en el marco de la institucionalización del Estado totalitario durante la década de los treinta y a su declive con la intervención de Italia en la guerra mundial.