Hasil untuk "History of France"

Lingxi Liu, Aurore Malmert, Emeline Pouyet et al.

In the context of clustering and classification, the choice between spatial and spectral features hinges on data characteristics and analytical goals. Spatial features excel in spatially contextualised data like urban planning and object detection, capturing adjacent pixel relationships. Spectral features, prominent in hyperspectral data, shine in tasks requiring precise material identification. However, managing extensive hyperspectral data poses challenges, prompting hybrid approaches for efficient data segmentation. This study presents an innovative data processing pipeline that combines spatial and spectral clustering techniques for the extraction and mapping of spectral signatures in both cinematic films and pointillism painting. We explore Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) Superpixel’s potential in reducing hyperspectral data while maintaining spectral richness. By optimizing superpixel segmentation and extracting central spectra, we reduce data size significantly. This facilitates applying various machine learning algorithms, especially the soft clustering algorithms Fuzzy C-Means clustering (FCM) and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM), to classify spectra into distinct colourant groups, identifying complex mixtures and areas of degradation. This research highlights the potential of machine learning in aiding artwork diagnostics, conservation, and restoration, with transferable models for similar scenarios.

Shahin Akhondzadeh

As the editor of the Journal of Case Report in Clinical Practice and someone who has been teaching scientific writing in Iran and the Middle East for many years, I always emphasize two points regarding the case report. 1. Generally, your case report should be rare and not commonly seen. In the history of the last two centuries, which war do you think would kill more than 40,000 defenseless people in a few months with the weapons provided by the three member countries of the Security Council, and create more than two million refugees [1-4]? All the people of the West, including academics, protest, but with the efforts of the same three members of the Security Council, the United States, United Kingdom, and France, not a single resolution against the Zionist regime is passed. In my opinion, as the editor of the Journal, this is definitely a case report. 2. The purpose of writing a case report is for the medical doctor to do the best work with his/her practice in medicine, which in the case of killing the people of Gaza and documenting it as a tragic event unique in history, will probably cause the free people of the world in the future, to elect rulers who believe in human rights and respect for human life. Anyway, what is important is that despite the support and at best, indifference of the Western countries, this killing has offended the conscience of the free people of the West so much that after the Vietnam war, almost all the academics of the American universities have protested and this protest movement of the universities America has developed to other Western universities. The cruel killing of infants who needed NICU or were in NICU and died due to lack of electricity and oxygen will be written in the history of modern medicine [5, 6].

Pooneh Nazari, Benoît Tabone, Merel L. R. van ’t Hoff et al.

Earth is deficient in carbon and nitrogen by up to ∼4 orders of magnitude compared with the Sun. Destruction of (carbon- and nitrogen-rich) refractory organics in the high-temperature planet-forming regions could explain this deficiency. Assuming a refractory cometary composition for these grains, their destruction enhances nitrogen-containing, oxygen-poor molecules in the hot gas (≳300 K) after the initial formation and sublimation of these molecules from oxygen-rich ices in the warm gas (∼150 K). Using observations of 37 high-mass protostars with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we find that oxygen-containing molecules (CH _3 OH and HNCO) systematically show no enhancement in their hot component. In contrast, nitrogen-containing, oxygen-poor molecules (CH _3 CN and C _2 H _3 CN) systematically show an enhancement of a factor ∼5 in their hot component, pointing to additional production of these molecules in the hot gas. Assuming only thermal excitation conditions, we interpret these results as a signature of destruction of refractory organics, consistent with the cometary composition. This destruction implies a higher C/O and N/O in the hot gas than the warm gas, while the exact values of these ratios depend on the fraction of grains that are effectively destroyed. This fraction can be found by future chemical models that constrain C/O and N/O from the abundances of minor carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen carriers presented here.

Caroline Sevin, Samira Hatteb, Aurore Clément et al.

Abstract Background X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare metabolic and neurodegenerative disorder belonging to the group of leukodystrophies, with an estimated incidence around 1:25 000 newborns worldwide, mostly among men. Childhood Cerebral ALD (CCALD) is the most severe form with a poor prognosis if not properly treated during the first years of life. Currently, only allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is widely available for CCALD treatment. To date, there is a lack of data regarding CCALD epidemiology, natural history, and current management in France. This knowledge is crucial for the development of new therapies such as gene therapies. In this context, the French National Health Data System (SNDS) is a particularly indicated database to collect information meeting these needs. A non-interventional, national, real-life, retrospective study was performed using secondary data from the national ALD registry (LEUKOFRANCE) and SNDS. CCALD patients detected between 2009 and 2018 and successfully matched between LEUKOFRANCE and SNDS were included in this study. Index date was defined as the first CCALD event detected during study period. Subgroups of patients with sufficient follow-up (6 months) and history (1 year) available around index date were analyzed to assess CCALD burden and natural history. Results 52 patients were included into the matched cohort. Median annual incidence of CCALD was estimated at 4 patients. Median age at CCALD diagnosis was 7.0 years. Among patients without allo-HSCT, five-year overall survival was 66.6%, with 93.3% of them presenting at least one CCALD symptom and 62.1% presenting a least one major functional disability (MFD). Among patients with allo-HSCT, five-year overall survival was 94.4%, with only 11.1% of patients presenting CCALD symptoms, and 16.7% of presenting a MFD. Mean annualized costs were almost twice as important among patients without allo-HSCT, with 49,211€, 23,117€, respectively. Costs were almost exclusively represented by hospitalizations. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the most up to date study analyzing CCALD epidemiology, clinical and economic burden in France. The necessity of a precocious management with HSCT highlight the potential benefits of including an expanded screening program among newborns, coupled with family screenings when a mutation is detected.

Delphine Froment

John S. Bak, Aleksandra Wiktorowska

In France and Poland where journalisme littéraire and reportaż have enjoyed long and rich traditions, it is curious that Elena Poniatowska’s literary journalism has attracted little attention. The reasons differ in degree, but translations efforts in both countries suggest that the French and the Poles see Poniatowska strictly as a Latin American Boom writer and, as such, favor her fiction over her socially-engaged literary journalism. By examining the international literary journalistic and reportage traditions inscribed within Poniatowska’s most celebrated crónica, La noche de Tlatelolco, this article attempts to counter these current trends in France and in Poland. A daughter of France with royal Polish blood, Poniatowska might have focused her attention this past half century on the troubled history of her adopted nation, Mexico, and on its victimized and marginalized peoples, but her journalistic themes, oral histories, interviewing techniques and literary talents are as universal as those from any French or Polish grand reporter.

J. Quarenta, S. Martins, T. Teixeira et al.

Introduction Delusional parasitosis (DP), also know as Ekbom syndrome and in some cases as Morgellons, was first described in the late 17th century in France. It is an obsessive phobic state in which the patient believes that the is infested by parasites. In the hallucinatory state, they frequently remove parts of the skin, identifying them as parasites. The cause of DP is unknown. Evidence supporting the dopamine theory defend that the inhibition of dopamine reuptake (for example cocaine and amphetamines) induce symptoms such as formication. Objectives Through the description of the following clinical case, we emphasize its clinical features and complexities. Methods Review of DP in light of a clinical case Results A 48-year-old woman was brought to the psychiatric emergency due to psychotic symptoms following cocaine use. She had a history of drug abuse. She was apparently asymptomatic until October 2019, when, in the background of vague sensation of something crawling under his skin, she developed a sudden onset belief that she had been infested by insects that crawled under his skin. Previous medical observation found no reason for a skin infection or infestation. Skin examination revealed itch marks and skin excoriations in the abdomen. Mental status examination revealed anxious and depressive affect, delusion of parasitosis, tactile hallucination and impaired insight. Routine hemogram and urinalysis was unremarkable, except for the detection of cocaine. Conclusions Delusional parasitosis often presents to nonpsychiatric medical professionals. An awareness of such ilness, with an early recognition and timely referral are management cornerstones in order to successfully diagnose and treat patients. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Maria Vittoria Modica, Maria Vittoria Modica, Kartik Sunagar et al.

Jornet i Benito, Núria, Grailles, Bénédicte

Objectius: Partim del supòsit que ens trobem en un moment especial de la història de les memòries sobre els feminismes, un 'punt d'inflexió des del punt de vista dels arxius', fent servir l'expressió de Kate Eichhorn. Els nostres objectius són, en primer lloc, redefinir les característiques d'aquest gir en el món dels arxius analitzant exemples de centres o de projectes de centres de recursos documentals i arxivístics d'Espanya i de França entre les dècades del 1990 i del 2000; en segon lloc, posar-los en context en relació amb l'evolució de conceptes i pràctiques arxivístics i, en tercer lloc, plantejar-nos si hi ha un doble moviment paradoxal entre institucionalització i activisme comunitari. -- Metodologia: Per poder respondre a la nostra hipòtesi de partida, hem revisat la bibliografia d'acord amb un enfocament volgudament interdisciplinari: estudis feministes i de gènere, estudis arxivístics, French Theory, estudis culturals. Ens hem basat en estudis de casos a Espanya i a França per poder fer comparacions rellevants. -- Resultats: La primera observació que podem fer és que hi ha una continuïtat entre la segona i la tercera onades feministes amb relació a la qüestió dels arxius. La segona és que hi ha un gir en el món dels arxius, però amb característiques originals: entre la reactivació i la intensificació, entre la institucionalització i l'autonomia, aquests activismes arxivístics feministes tenen a veure tant amb el feminisme majoritari com amb els feminismes minoritaris. L'arxivatge pertany més que mai al repertori d'accions feministes. La tercera observació és l'existència de comunitats que tenen un gran suport d'iniciatives arxivístiques feministes.<hr/> Objectives: Our starting-point is the idea that we are at a decisive moment in the history of memories of feminisms; an 'archival turn', to use Kate Eichhorn's expression. Our objectives are, first, to redefine the characteristics of this archival turn by analysing examples of centres, and the projects of documentary and archival resource centres, in Spain and France in the 1990s and 2000s; second, to contextualized them regarding the evolution of archival concepts and practices, and third, to consider whether there is a dual paradoxical movement between institutionalization and community activism. -- Methodology: To test our starting hypothesis, we review the literature applying a strongly interdisciplinary approach: feminist and gender studies, archival studies, French Theory, and cultural studies. We base ourselves on case studies in Spain and France in order to make relevant comparisons. -- Results: The first observation we should make is that there is a continuity between the second and third feminist waves in relation to the issue of archives. The second is that there is a turn in the world of archives, but with original features: between reactivation and intensification, between institutionalization and autonomy, these feminist archival activisms have to do with both majority and minority feminisms. Exploring archives belongs more than ever to the repertoire of feminist actions. The third observation is the existence of communities that are heavily supported by feminist archival initiatives.

Ertugrul Karacuha, Nisa Ozge Onal, Esra Ergun et al.

This study focuses on modeling, prediction, and analysis of confirmed, recovered, and death cases of COVID-19 by using Fractional Calculus in comparison with other models for eight countries including China, France, Italy, Spain, Turkey, the UK, and the US. First, the dataset is modeled using our previously proposed approach Deep Assessment Methodology, next, one step prediction of the future is made using two methods: Deep Assessment Methodology and Long Short-Term Memory. Later, a Gaussian prediction model is proposed to predict the short-term (30 Days) future of the pandemic, and prediction performance is evaluated. The proposed Gaussian model is compared to a time-dependent susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. Lastly, an analysis of understanding the effect of history is made on memory vectors using wavelet-based denoising and correlation coefficients. Results prove that Deep Assessment Methodology successfully models the dataset with 0.6671%, 0.6957%, and 0.5756% average errors for confirmed, recovered, and death cases, respectively. We found that using the proposed Gaussian approach underestimates the trend of the pandemic and the fastest increase is observed in the US while the slowest is observed in China and Spain. Analysis of the past showed that, for all countries except Turkey, the current time instant is mainly dependent on the past two weeks where countries like Germany, Italy, and the UK have a shorter average incubation period when compared to the US and France.

Maryla Laurent, Iwona H. Pugacewicz

The authors have considered the topic, rarely mentioned in the scientific literature, which are the inscriptions and symbols placed on polonical banners. A three-volume dissertation by Monika Salmon-Siama, entitled Vexillological heritage of the Polish immigration in northern France (1919-2018), turned out to be a contributing factor to this kind of scientific digression. In the introduction, they analyzed the state of research on Polish emigration, settled in northern France, indicating the main reasons for their poor representativeness in comparison with the entire emigre history of the Polish diaspora. Referring to the proper vexological studies, they brought closer the richness of sources that we deal with in the discussed region, and then showed the complexity of this type of bibliological-semiotic research. Taking up the subject matter from the Westphalian-French borderline, inevitably, after M. Salmon Siama, they showed aesthetic and axiological values, including patriotic values, a group of symbols and inscriptions discussed, and in turn showed the durability of the Polish immigrant identity of subsequent generations living in northern France. The article is also an attempt to show the reader the diversity and richness of organizational and social life over almost a century, introduces the mentality and customs of the Polish Diaspora, and shows the underestimated role of the Polish banner.

Jonas Mackevičius, Rasa Subačienė

The evolution of Lithuanian accounting has a long history and is rather complicated. It was influenced by different countries, especially by Tsarist Russia, Germany, France, Poland and the Soviet Union. Differ-ent factors had an impact and formed the Lithuanian accounting system, and they have defined develop-ment tendencies for it. The aim of this research is to investigate Lithuanian accounting development phases and tendencies. The research methods consist of analysing scientific papers of Lithuanian authors, a retrospective analy-sis, the historical approach, inductive and deductive methods, systematisation, comparison and a sum-mary of the information. From the chronological and historical perspectives, the following Lithuanian accounting development phases were distinguished: (1) accounting origin for the period of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1251–1795); (2) Lithuania’s accounting status during the period of occupation by Tsarist Russia (1795–1914) and World War I (1914–1918); (3) the condition and regulation of account-ing during the inter-war period (1918–1940) and World War II in Lithuania; (4) accounting organization and regulation during the Soviet occupation period in Lithuania (1944–1990); (5) accounting status and problems in Independent Lithuania (1990–2015). The article investigates the key elements of regulation, and the achievements and problems of each Lithuanian accounting development phase.

Églantine Pasquier

At the end of World War II, the Domain of Versailles is in critical condition, the cost of the restoration work to save it from ruin is estimated at five billion francs. In 1952, Secretary of State for Fine Arts, André Cornu, initiates a national fundraising campaign with a radio broadcast and creates a “National Committee for the Safeguarding of the château of Versailles,” whose aim is to find resources to finance the restoration work. In each French department, local committees are created. Simultaneously, the Committee implores the Government to obtain budgetary funds. The success of those actions allows the five-year restoration plan to begin. The restoration work addresses mainly the architecture department in charge of the structural work. But, the conservation department, which also benefits from the media coverage and financial support of the campaign, can start the restitution and re-furnishing of the chateau. This period, known as “The Safeguarding of Versailles,” not only saved the domain from ruin, but also marked the beginning of a new interest in preservation and a new way to envision its funding; these and other efforts would eventually result in the creation of the Ministry of Cultural Affairs in 1959.

O. В. Полевщикова

The works written by O. L. Weinstein in the 1920s on the base of the valuable materials of the Vorontsov and Stroganov collections conserved in the Odessa Central scientific library are analyzed in the article. The young research worker put into circulation a range of unknown sources which assisted his becoming a great authority in modern history of France and a brilliant expert of the sources of the epoch.

Emma Pérez Chacón, Jacques Vabre

An agricultura! and pastoral abandonment has become general in many mountaineous areas, as a consequence of the depopulation of the countryside. This abandonment has unchained processes ofvegetable recolonization that has caused the disabling of traditionally pastured areas and the transformation of rural landscape. This vegetable recolonization presents diverse varieties and «speeds». The author comes to an approximation to the chronology of country abandonment, by the analysis of the progression woody plants in three suntrap (Bethmale, Faup y Aulus) in Haut Couserans (Central Pyrenees, France). The results show how the evolution of processes of vegetal recolonization is subject to «inversions», «blockades» and «accelerations», related to the environmental characteristics and the plots history.

A V Okhrimenko

The article deals with a crucial period in the history of relations between France and New Caledonia in the 80-s of the XX-th century. The main processes of the Kanak struggle for independence as well as the French government policy towards them are analyzed.

Alain Desrosières

The line of heterodox economic thinking named “the economics of conventions” (l’économie des conventions) emerged in the 1980s in France. Four among its six founding fathers had a strong background in statistics and were working at INSEE (the French national statistical institute). However, the numerous and fruitful researches in the line of this new paradigm have only slightly used the quantitative methods (above all econometrics) that are widely spread in mainstream economics as well as in other heterodox movements, e.g. the School of Regulation (L’École de la Régulation). In order to provide a rationale for this paradox, we are lead to set the development of the economics of conventions within a broader history of economics and social sciences. Indeed, from the 1980s onwards, social sciences have gone through a movement of bifurcation that brought about a deep change in the scientific and political status of quantification. Monitoring this movement leads to address the issue of the relationships between the search for theoretical reflexivity and the social demand for quantified knowledge addressed to economics.

Mª Soledad Arredondo

This work intends to show how propaganda conveyed religious subject matter through the skewed and opportunistic use of religion (beliefs, occurrences, practice, famous persons, etc.), by incurring in exaggerations, divergences, and generalizations. This is seen to have occurred in the most simple, basic ways: enhancing the significance of a story, converting an ordinary person into the symbol of an entire people, or religious figures participating in politics. However, such propagandizing can also be noticed at the core of upper-class Christian society in their providentialist perspective on politics and history. The analysis here is based on a corpus selected for its quality, from among the abundant polemic literature inspired by the war with France in 1635 and by the uprisings of Catalonia and Portugal in 1640. The texts belong to four authors who wrote about three crises and used religion as a means of transmitting the ideology of power: Quevedo, Pellicer, Saavedra Fajardo and Adam de la Parra.

Edward Evans, Francis Gilbert, Ivo Hodek et al.

This series of symposia has traditionally been a unique scientific forum for discussions on ecological and behavioural interactions within the guild of insects feeding on aphids. Its focus is to understand how natural control works, with the aim to improve it. After the initial two meetings in Czechoslovakia, symposia were organised in Poland, Hungary, France, Belgium, Canada and Portugal. The ninth meeting was held once again in the Czech Republic.Details on history of the meetings, with bibliographic data from all Proceedings, can be found at . News will appear there continually.This issue is the outcome of the 9th meeting that was attended by 56 participants from 21 countries. Abstracts of the presentations not included in this issue appeared under ISBN 80-86668-02-09, Ecology of Aphidophaga 9, Abstracts, 2004, Inst. Entomol. Acad. Sci. Czech Rep., 92 pp.We look forward to the 10th meeting in 2007 that will be organised by N. Kavallieratos, E. Lucas and J.P. Michaud.July 10, 2005The Editors

Jelena Zlatković Winter

After a brief historical review of migrations in Europe, the paper focuses on current migration trends and their consequences. At the end of the 1950s, Western Europe began to recruit labour from several Mediterranean countries – Italy, Spain, Portugal and former Yugoslavia, and later from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Turkey. Some countries, such as France, Great Britain and the Netherlands, recruited also workers from their former colonies. In 1970 Germany had the highest absolute number of foreigners, followed by France, and then Switzerland and Belgium. The total number of immigrants in Western Europe was twelve million. During the 1970s mass recruitment of foreign workers was abandoned, and only the arrival of their family members was permitted, which led to family reunification in the countries of employment. Europe closed its borders, with the result that clandestine migration increased. The year 1989 was a turning point in the history of international migrations. The political changes in Central and Eastern Europe brought about mass migration to the West, which culminated in the so-called “mass movement of 1989–1990”. The arrival of ethnic Germans in Germany, migration inside and outside of the territory of the former Soviet Union, an increase in the number of asylum seekers and displaced persons, due to armed conflicts, are – according to the author – the main traits of current migration. The main part of the paper discusses the causes and effects of this mass wave, as well as trends in labour migration, which is still present. The second part of the paper, after presenting a typology of migrations, deals with the complex processes that brought about the formation of new communities and led to the phenomenon of new ethnic minorities and to corresponding migration policies in Western European countries that had to address these issues.