Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Katarzyna Widera, Andrzej Gawlik, Marcin Rabe et al.

The aim of the article is to analyse the theoretical, technical, and economic potential of agrophotovoltaic (APV) installations in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship (Poland) based on climatic data, agricultural land resources, and technological simulations. The specific aim of the study was to determine the theoretical, geographical, technical and economic potential of APV installations in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship based on climate data, land-use structure and technological simulation results. The study shows that the annual energy production of the designed APV installation may reach 454–560 [MWh/ha], which, when using less than 1% of agricultural land, could fully meet the total electricity demand of farms in the analysed region. This indicates a high potential for integrating agriculture and energy production within the same area. The main limitation for the development of solar energy is the insufficient capacity of the existing power grid, which is not adapted to new renewable energy sources. The economic analysis confirms the profitability of APV investments in the context of rising energy prices and highlights their potential role in producing green hydrogen and supporting renewable energy development in Poland. The conclusions emphasise the need to modernise the energy infrastructure and introduce legislative changes to unlock the APV potential in Poland.

Stanislaw Czaja

The study is controversial in nature. It contains certain selected, in the author's opinion, difficult relationships between sozology and ecology, as natural sciences. The presentation begins with a brief discussion of the origins and characteristics of ecology and the origins and scope of sozology. The main part of the study is devoted to considerations of the desirable and actual relationships between the two approaches. The author's reflections focus on the desirable directions of development for both disciplines. The issue is important because the mutual relations between ecology and sozology are not clear-cut, and situations of conflict or mutual negative impact of varying degrees are not uncommon. The goals of both approaches should be convergent.

Bilal Louail, Siham Riache

This paper explores how export diversification and the mining sector influence Eco-efficiency in Saudi Arabia, both in the short-run and long-run impacts. The paper also accounts for the influence of GDP, aggregate power usage, and urban development. Adopting an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework, the paper first confirms a stable long-run relationship among the variables under consideration. The results show that, in both the short and long run, increased trade diversification, GDP, and urban development lead to increased CO2 emissions. Notably, the negative impact of these variables on the environment is more pronounced in the long run. By contrast, investment in the mining sector is found to reduce CO2 emissions and improve the environment in both the short and long run. Unexpectedly, energy consumption has no significant environmental impact. The results are found to be robust under various statistical tests for common issues. Stability tests also support the robustness of the long-run relationships and validity of the ARDL model. The results of this study have significant implications for designing strategies for environmental conservation.

Maria Bernat, Katarzyna Łukaniszyn-Domaszewska, Urszula Romaniuk et al.

The purpose of this study is to explore how foreign direct investment (FDI) enhances regional economic resilience, particularly during economic crises. Using a comparative approach, the study analysed the responses of foreign-invested entities versus domestically funded entities during the 2020 pandemic crisis. Findings reveal that, while both groups experienced investment and revenue declines, foreign-invested entities showed significantly less contraction and demonstrated stronger post-crisis growth, surpassing pre-pandemic levels. This indicates that FDI presence bolsters regional stability and adaptability in the face of economic disruptions. Limitations include a focus on a single crisis event, suggesting further research across varied economic conditions. Practical implications highlight FDI’s potential in policy strategies aimed at building regional resilience. The study contributes original insights into FDI’s role in economic stabilisation, offering value to policymakers and regional development stakeholders.

Małgorzata Worwąg, Adrianna Grojec

Biodegradation of food waste is a key component of sustainable waste management that can bring significant environmental and economic benefits. The use of biological methods for waste disposal represents environmentally friendly technologies with high efficiency. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of biodegradation of food waste using microorganisms from the environment in an aerobic process in an ECHO respirometer in accordance with ISO 14855-1:2012. The biodegradation process was carried out at 58 °C ± 2 °C and adequate humidity. During the experiment, CO2 production and O2 consumption were monitored, and the degree of biodegradation was determined. In the study, combinations based on variable organic waste content and the dose of microorganisms in suspension were used. In addition, a commercial biopreparation designed to promote composting was used. A significant improvement in the degree of waste biodegradation was observed with the addition of microorganisms isolated from the environment. Increasing the dose of microorganisms did not significantly improve the efficiency of the process. The commercial biopreparation used was characterised by low efficiency, and no increase in the degree of biodegradation of waste was observed after its use.

Anna Piotrowska, Dariusz Boruszko

The natural environment is changing under the influence of human activity and the development of new technologies. One of the ways to restore the balance of the natural environment is to limit conventional agriculture in favour of organic farming based on the use of organic and natural fertilisers, excluding the use of chemical inputs. This action will go a long way in improving biodiversity and natural resource wealth. Fertilisation in modern agriculture is one of the most important agrotechnical procedures in deciding on the size and quality of the obtained crops. In organic farming, soil microorganisms play an important role because they influence the mineralisation of organic carbon and the humification of organic matter, thanks to which nutrients are more easily absorbed by plants. Organic fertilisers, which are Effective Microorganisms, are produced with the use of living microorganisms, which not only supply the soil with nutrients but also allow the inactive nutrients to be made available. Thanks to the better absorption of nutrients, plants develop and grow better, ensuring the best crops, the purchase prices of which from organic farming are very often much higher than in the case of traditional crops. The aim of this study was to present the possibility of using Effective Microorganisms as an ecological and economical alternative to conventional crop production systems using artificial fertilisers.

Piotr Swacha, Zbigniew M. Karaczun, Daria Murawska

 The goal of the work was to analyse the positions of the selected Polish political parties about the European Union climate policy and to assess whether and to what extent the process of Europeanization is taking place in Poland. Climate change negatively influences economic growth: it affects food security and limits industrial output and economic development. It reduces labour productivity and influences international trade. The scope of this impact will depend on political decisions and the effectiveness of climate protection measures taken by individual governments. The negative attitude of political parties to climate policy may make it challenging to undertake the necessary adaptation and mitigation measures, even despite changes in social perception in this regard.

Mirosław Broniewicz, Elżbieta Broniewicz, Karolina Dec et al.

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) poles are, next to wooden poles, a more environmentally friendly solution than traditional steel or concrete poles. In addition to having a lower negative impact on the environment, they are characterised by durability, resiliency, and corrosion resistance. But, unfortunately, the range of their use, both in Poland and around the world, is limited. In this paper, the authors try to identify the most important barriers to the wide use of FRP poles in infrastructure construction. They also propose some actions to change this unfavourable situation from the sustainable development point of view

Justyna Godawska

The article aims to assess the level of severity of the environmental policy in Poland compared to the selected EU countries and the impact of this level on the SO2, NOX, VOCs, CO2, and GHG emissions and premature mortality due to exposure to PM2.5. In the research based on OECD and Eurostat data, multiple regression analysis is used. The results of regression analysis do not allow for drawing unequivocal conclusions. The use of one of the selected measures of environmental policy stringency confirms the impact of this stringency on all the studied variables characterising air pollution. In contrast, in the other measure, this relationship was found only for two variables. The reason for different results may be the adoption of different research periods (1990-2012 and 1994-2018) due to the availability of data.

Edino Valcovich

Mireia Mayolas Créixams

«Dona’m la mar» és un projecte de recerca, realitzat per Catalina Gayà1 i Laia Seró2, destinat a detectar quins són els principals reptes que té la dona que avui dia es fa a la mar, què es visibilitza i què s’invisibilitza i quin ha de ser el paper del Museu Marítim de Barcelona en relació amb les dones de la mar.

Phuong Ha Nguyen, Long Mong Hoang, Dung Duy Nguyen

ASEAN and Australia became the dialogue partner in 1974. Over 46 years of cooperation and development, ASEAN- Australia relations have achieved many good results, especially in recent years when two sides participate in several free trade agreements (FTAs) at bilateral levels and multilateral levels. In 2014, Australia and ASEAN formally became strategic partners, recognizing the importance of the relationship in building mutual benefits. Participation in FTAs and relationship upgrading has helped bilateral trade growth. In 2018-2019, Australia was the seventh-largest trading partner of ASEAN and ASEAN was one of Australia's top three trading partner, however, the two sides face many challenges such as the difficulties after the global crisis since 2009, the "spaghetti bowl" phenomenon of joining many agreements at the same time. Thus, to solve these problems, the production and exporting of comparative advantage goods by the stages of processing to participate in an ideal regional supply chain are very important. Based on the comparative theory and supply chain perspectives The paper compared revealed comparative advantage indexes of ASEAN countries and Australia from 2009 through 2018 to find which country in ASEAN is Australia's suitable partner from which provided the ideal effective supply chain distribution. After that, through trade value comparison, the paper examed if ASEAN countries and Australia specialized in production by stages of processing. From the results, appropriate recommendations were provided to enhance the trade relations between ASEAN and Australia.

Aleksandra Pawełko

The purpose of this article is to assess the emerging trend in Poland for seeking redress dictated by the inadequate state of the environment, based on the concept of personal rights. The considerations begin with the classifi cation of life in a clean environment internationally. Then, the topic of determining the nature of the right to live in a clean environment in the Polish legal order is raised. First of all, constitutional regulations in this respect are assessed. In the further part of the work, the considerations focus on the subject of life in a clean environment treated as a personal interest, which is closely related to the fi ndings made in part on the constitutional approach to the use of the natural environment. As a part of these considerations, the issue of addressing possible claims is also raised. The paper presents a general assessment of the enforcement of the right to live in a clean environment by formulating claims based on the concept of violation of personal rights, in particular those, which include financial demands.

Piotr Idczak, Ida Musiałkowska, Karol Mrozik

The purpose of this paper is to indicate the valuation importance of externalities derived from the urban ecosystem services (UES) in terms of their applicability in the appraisal process of urban regeneration projects co-fi nanced from European funds. Specifi cally, it examines the impact of UES on the project’s economic performance, and thereby on human quality of life. Using the discounted cash flow method, this paper estimates the project’s economic performance indicators including the identifi ed UES upon their prior valuation. The valuation was carried out on the basis of the benefi t analysis, contingent valuation method – “willingness to pay” – and benefi t transfer method, as recommended by Bernaciak, Wojcieszak (2014) and Zawojska et al. (2016). Results show that urban projects including UES are characterised by the higher values of the economic performance indicators and they should be assessed higher than projects with little or no UES because of their stronger contribution to the sustainable development of urban areas. In spite of the fact that there are limitations due to the UES valuation techniques used in the study, the presented approach could be an important tool for the project’s appraisal.

Aldona Harasimowicz

The article describes the role of green areas as an integral element of urban space. The aim of the study is to characterize green spaces in the city and to indicate the most important benefits that these resources generate for both residents and the entire urban system. The method of analyzing the literature of the subject was used to achieve the above objective. The result of this research is an indication of the most important types of urban green spaces and ecological, social and economic values they provide, including identification of a series of connections between the environmental level and social and economic conditions of the cities.

Hanna Adamska, Irina Kazakowa

STRESZCZENIE: Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie zmian gospodarowania zasobami ziemi jako naturalnego czynnika środowiska i produkcji rolniczej w kontekście rozwoju zrównoważonego obszarów wiejskich. Nie można traktować ziemi jako zasobu w pełni odnawialnego, gdyż niewłaściwe jej użytkowanie może doprowadzić do utraty jej właściwości i zagrożeń dla przyszłych pokoleń, co jest sprzeczne z paradygmatem rozwoju zrównoważonego. Analizą objęto zmiany zachodzące na terenie Polski oraz województwa dolnośląskiego z podziałem na regiony funkcjonalne. W Polsce i województwie zmniejsza się powierzchnia ziemi wykorzystywana na cele rolnicze oraz ulega zmianie struktura jej użytkowania. Zbyt duży ubytek gruntów przeznaczanych na cele rolnicze może doprowadzić do obniżenia produkcji zabezpieczającej potrzeby życiowe populacji ludzkiej, dlatego gospodarowanie ziemią musi opierać się na jej ochronie i maksymalnym wykorzystaniu.

Els perills que vénen per mar de la mà de l’home han condicionat la seva població i també la fisonomia de les poblacions. Les constants guerres, així com els atacs de corsaris i pirates, van fer que durant segles, especialment entre el xvi i el final del xviii, la costa fos un espai de perill, de mort i de desgràcia. La costa mediterrània espanyola, mirant sempre cap a les comunitats hostils del nord d’Àfrica, vivia constantment exposada a l’agressivitat dels veïns. Com a resposta, les víctimes d’un dia esdevenien els botxins d’un altre i castigaven també el litoral enemic. Amb els mitjans disponibles, les comunitats costaneres  intentaven evitar el mal. A les grans poblacions, com ara Barcelona, es construïen muralles de mar. En altres indrets es bastien torres de guaita i fortins. Quan era possible, els masos es fortificaven, incorporant-hi murs gruixuts, torres de defensa i, fins i tot, passadissos secrets per amagar-se o fugir. Una defensa més activa s’articulava a partir de la vigilància de terra estant, utilitzant els denominats camis de ronda o mantenint petites flotes de vigilància que patrullaven la costa. Totes les fotografies que segueixen recorden, d’una forma o d’una altra, aquest passat de perills vinculat a l’activitat corsària.

Jean-Louis Vaills

El mar no ofereix referències, l'única alternativa per descriure l'espai és la terra. Així neixen els senyals de pescadors i mariners. Un invent que va ser el resultat d'una cerca a l'atzar portat a terme a cop d'intuïció, d'assaig i error i coronat finalment pel descobriment de la geografia del fons marí. L'article se centra en els origens i la pràctica dels senyals relacionats amb la navegació i la pesca a la costa del departament francès dels Pirineus Orientals.