Hasil untuk "Discourse analysis"

P. Black, D. Wiliam

Whilst many definitions of formative assessment have been offered, there is no clear rationale to define and delimit it within broader theories of pedagogy. This paper aims to offer such a rationale, within a framework which can also unify the diverse set of practices which have been described as formative. The analysis is used to relate formative assessment both to other pedagogic initiatives, notably cognitive acceleration and dynamic assessment, and to some of the existing literature on models of self-regulated learning and on classroom discourse. This framework should indicate potentially fruitful lines for further enquiry, whilst at the same time opening up new ways of helping teachers to implement formative practices more effectively.

P. Eriksson, Anne Kovalainen

PART ONE: THE BUSINESS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Introduction Research Philosophy Research Design and Process Focus and Frame Access and Relationships Ethics in Research Qualitative Research Materials Electronic Research PART TWO: METHODS IN QUALITATIVE BUSINESS RESEARCH Case Study Research Ethnographic Research Grounded Theory Research Focus Group Research Action Research Narrative Research Discourse Analysis Feminist Research Critical Research PART THREE: WRITING AND EVALUATING QUALITATIVE BUSINESS RESEARCH Writing Process Qualitative Research Evaluation Closing Up

M. Foucault

J. Carletta

Currently, computational linguists and cognitive scientists working in the area of discourse and dialogue argue that their subjective judgments are reliable using several different statistics, none of which are easily interpretable or comparable to each other. Meanwhile, researchers in content analysis have already experienced the same difficulties and come up with a solution in the kappa statistic. We discuss what is wrong with reliability measures as they are currently used for discourse and dialogue work in computational linguistics and cognitive science, and argue that we would be better off as a field adopting techniques from content analysis.

F. Fischer

M. Boykoff, Jules Boykoff

U. Flick

PART ONE: FRAMEWORK Guide to this Book Qualitative Research: Why And How to Do It Qualitative and Quantitative Research Approaches to Qualitative Research Ethics of Qualitative Research PART TWO: THEORY IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Using the Existing Literature Theories Underlying Qualitative Research Texts as Data in Qualitative Research PART THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN Designing Qualitative Research The Qualitative Research Process Research Questions Entering the Field Sampling Triangulation PART FOUR: VERBAL DATA Collecting Verbal Data Interviews Focus Groups Using Narrative Data PART FIVE: DATA BEYOND TALK Collecting Data Beyond Talk Observation and Ethnography Visual Data: Photography, Film & Video Using Documents as Data PART SIX: QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS Qualitative Data Analysis Transcription and Data Management Grounded Theory Coding Thematic Coding and Content Analysis Naturally Occuring Data: Conversation, Discourse, and Hermeneutic Analysis Using Software in Qualitative Data Analysis PART SEVEN: GROUNDING, WRITING AND OUTLOOK Quality of Qualitative Research: Criteria and Beyond Writing Qualitative Research State of the Art and the Future

Carlota Smith

M. Halliday, Jeannett Martin

D. Biber, Susan Conrad, Viviana Cortes

Marti A. Hearst

D. Biber, Susan Conrad, R. Reppen

S. Hunston, G. Thompson

Sarah Sobieraj, J. Berry

Sami Çeliktaş

In this study, an analysis was conducted of the stories of the American short-story writer O. Henry and the Kurdish short-story and novel writer Firat Cewerî, The Gift of Magi and Bîsîklêt, in the context of irony. Such an approach is well-suited to the field of comparative literature. This study examined the literary data that could be provided by analysing two writers and their works, who have different literary, historical and social backgrounds, around a common theme of examination. An analysis of the ironic discourses in the two stories, both of which featured similar subjects and themes, was conducted within the framework of the main types of verbal irony, including situational and dramatic irony, with the aim of explaining how irony functioned in the discourse of each story and how it was connected to the fundamental elements of the narrative. Following a thorough analysis, it was determined that both writers employed the literary device of irony to shed light on the social and personal challenges faced by their characters. Irony functioned as both a narrative tool and a key plot element, allowing for the expression of deep human emotions and experiences. In addition, it was determined that while the use of irony was identified as a central feature of O. Henry's narrative structure, its employment by Firat Cewerî was found to be limited, and implicit rather than explicit, allowing readers to interpret it through the medium of their own experiences and perspectives.

Sylvia Hagan, Ernest Darkwah, Yaw Agyeman Boafo et al.

Coastal communities in African countries with lower carbon emissions face greater climate challenges but lack the capacity to address these challenges. The implication is that these communities suffer more from the impacts that climate change brings. Despite sustained research efforts into climate impacts on such communities, the mental health aspects of these impacts are often overlooked. In this study, we explored the lived experiences of climate-related mental health challenges and community coping mechanisms within three poor urban coastal communities in Ghana, West Africa. Fifty-seven community members participated in the study. Data were collected through five focus group discussions and fifteen one-on-one in-depth interviews. Thematic Network Analysis was used to analyse the data. Results showed that rising sea levels have caused loss of livelihoods and properties, which in turn have exacerbated mental health challenges within the communities. Community members' coping mechanisms include the use of techno-managerial interventions, relocation, spirituality, and social support. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on climate change and its multifaceted consequences, highlighting the interconnectedness of environmental and mental health challenges in coastal landscapes.

B. MacWhinney, Davida Fromm, M. Forbes et al.

Yiman Chen, Yuling Huang, Jia Li et al.

Abstract As societal aging intensifies, the incidence of osteoporosis (OP) continually rises. OP is a skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass, deteriorated bone tissue microstructure, and consequently increased bone fragility and fracture susceptibility, typically evaluated using bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score. Not only does OP diminish patients’ quality of life, but it also imposes a substantial economic burden on society. Conventional pharmacological treatments yield limited efficacy and severe adverse reactions. In contemporary academic discourse, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have surfaced as auspicious novel therapeutic modalities for OP. EVs can convey information through the cargo they carry and have been demonstrated to be a crucial medium for intercellular communication, playing a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. Furthermore, various research findings provide evidence that engineered strategies can enhance the therapeutic effects of EVs in OP treatment. While numerous reviews have explored the progress and potential of EVs in treating degenerative bone diseases, research on using EVs to address OP remains in the early stages of basic experimentation. This paper reviews advancements in utilizing MSCs and their derived EVs for OP treatment. It systematically examines the most extensively researched MSC-derived EVs for treating OP, delving not only into the molecular mechanisms of EV-based OP therapy but also conducting a comparative analysis of the strengths and limitations of EVs sourced from various cell origins. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the technical and engineering strategies necessary for leveraging EVs in OP treatment, offering insights and recommendations for future research endeavors.

Antonio Reyes

Eduardus Lemanto

Religious fundamentalism continues to be an enormous concern in the aftermath of the 9/11 tragedy since the atrocity involved numerous extremist groups, including religious fundamentalist ones. This horrible tragedy has brought in all citizens of the globe mindful of the existential threat of these organizations. Their existence sparks an immense discourse in various fields, including in the academic field that centres around the query of ‘what drives them to act mercilessly and inhumanely.’ Aside from political matters, their extremism is shaped by their method of approach to the doctrines or dogmas, teachings, ideologies, and religious traditions of faith they espouse. The methodology used by fundamentalists in approaching their religious texts and traditions is one of the major issues confronting religious fundamentalism. That methodology refers to the authoritative method, which entails two notable inquiries. Why do fundamentalists consider their religious doctrines or dogmas to be infallible or unquestionable? Why do they presume that all other knowledge and values are subordinate to their religious texts? This philosophical analysis seeks to investigate and evaluate the flaws of the authoritative method within fundamentalism by contrasting it with the Deweyan experimental or scientific method and bridging the two methods with the ‘reflective method’ the author postulates.