Hasil untuk "Bibliography. Library science. Information resources"

Alvin Tessar Permata, Kuntum Khaira Ummatin, Gema Rullyana et al.

Background: Recent studies on social media use in academic settings underline its increasing importance in fulfilling students' information needs.  Still, few studies concentrate on student-run Instagram profiles and how well they meet these requirements. Objective: Particularly in the context of 4C Chris Heuer and Guha's four approaches, this paper sought to examine how the information material given by the Instagram account @bemhimaperpusinfo fulfills the information demands of its followers. Methods: Using a survey design, a quantitative method was applied.  Using many linear models via SPSS 27, data was gathered from 100 followers of the @bemhimaperpusinfo account and evaluated.  Tests of validity, reliability, normality, multicollinearity, and heteroskedasticity were run before the regression analysis to guarantee data quality. Results: According to the study, all four aspects of the 4C Social Media model Context, Communication, Collaboration, and Connection had a notable beneficial impact on followers' information demand fulfillment.  With Communication (β = .380) and Connection (β = .295) rising as the best predictors, the regression model accounted for 72.0% of the variation (R²= .720).  Every 4C variable showed notable correlations with various facets of Guha's information requirements Current, Every day, Exhaustive, and Catching-up. Conclusion: These findings suggest that material created and disseminated by student-led Instagram accounts can significantly help to meet academic and organizational information needs.  Different institutional and peer-managed settings should be investigated in further studies using longitudinal or mixed-method designs to more thoroughly investigate long-term impacts and user experiences.

Martin Mičiak, Dominika Toman, Roman Adámik et al.

Education leads to building successful careers. However, different groups of students have different studying preferences. Our target group are athletes, combining their education and sports training. The main objective is to provide recommendations for an effective education system for athletes, improving their chances of finding new careers after leaving sports. Such a system must include Big Data and utilise AI possibilities currently available that support athletes’ career planning and development in a meaningful way. The main objective is specified by the following partial objectives: identifying what types of Big Data to analyse in connection with the athletes’ education; revealing what AI tools to include in the athletes’ education for their better preparation for a career after sports; determining what knowledge of AI and Big Data athletes need to stay relevant once they enter the labour market. Our study combines secondary and primary data sources. The secondary data (used in the orientation analysis) include case studies on AI and Big Data connected to education. The primary data were collected via a survey performed on over 200 Slovak junior athletes. The results show directions for the sports policymakers and sports organisations’ managers willing to improve their athletes’ career prospects.

Junyuan Gao, Shuao Chen, Yongpeng Wu et al.

Traditional asymptotic information-theoretic studies of the fundamental limits of wireless communication systems primarily rely on some ideal assumptions, such as infinite blocklength and vanishing error probability. While these assumptions enable tractable mathematical characterizations, they fail to capture the stringent requirements of some emerging next-generation wireless applications, such as ultra-reliable low latency communication and ultra-massive machine type communication, in which it is required to support a much wider range of features including short-packet communication, extremely low latency, and/or low energy consumption. To better support such applications, it is important to consider finite-blocklength information theory. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the advances in this field, followed by a discussion on the open questions. Specifically, we commence with the fundamental limits of source coding in the non-asymptotic regime, with a particular focus on lossless and lossy compression in point-to-point~(P2P) and multiterminal cases. Next, we discuss the fundamental limits of channel coding in P2P channels, multiple access channels, and emerging massive access channels. We further introduce recent advances in joint source and channel coding, highlighting its considerable performance advantage over separate source and channel coding in the non-asymptotic regime. In each part, we review various non-asymptotic achievability bounds, converse bounds, and approximations, as well as key ideas behind them, which are essential for providing engineering insights into the design of future wireless communication systems.

Domas Kaunas

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Wenliang Liu, Guanding Yu, Lele Wang et al.

We study the Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization in machine learning and propose a general framework that establishes information-theoretic generalization bounds. Our framework interpolates freely between Integral Probability Metric (IPM) and $f$-divergence, which naturally recovers some known results (including Wasserstein- and KL-bounds), as well as yields new generalization bounds. Additionally, we show that our framework admits an optimal transport interpretation. When evaluated in two concrete examples, the proposed bounds either strictly improve upon existing bounds in some cases or match the best existing OOD generalization bounds. Moreover, by focusing on $f$-divergence and combining it with the Conditional Mutual Information (CMI) methods, we derive a family of CMI-based generalization bounds, which include the state-of-the-art ICIMI bound as a special instance. Finally, leveraging these findings, we analyze the generalization of the Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics (SGLD) algorithm, showing that our derived generalization bounds outperform existing information-theoretic generalization bounds in certain scenarios.

Natalia Rodrigues Delbianco, Suellen Timm Barros , Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregorio Vidotti et al.

Objetivo: Diante do desenvolvimento e uso da tecnologia grande quantidade de dados são gerados diariamente. Com iniciativas de incentivo no uso e reuso de dados no meio científico e empresarial, surge a necessidade de capacitar, por meio da Alfabetização de Dados, os estudantes e os profissionais da informação para tornarem os dados mais aplicáveis e compreensíveis. A presente pesquisa se propõe a criar uma ementa mais apropriada para a disciplina de “Ciência de Dados” nos cursos de graduação em Biblioteconomia e Arquivologia no Brasil.  Método: Esta pesquisa é exploratória e qualitativa, já consiste na seleção e a coleta de informações sobre a ementa das disciplinas voltadas para a Ciência de Dados nos cursos de graduação em Biblioteconomia e Arquivologia no Brasil. Resultado: Em alguns currículos das 24 universidades analisadas e 37 cursos identificados foram encontradas disciplinas que podem abordar a Ciência de Dados de alguma forma. Assim, no contexto brasileiro a ação mais assertiva seria incluir o tema “Alfabetização de Dados” no contexto das disciplinas de “Ciência de Dados”. Conclusões: Foram identificadas poucas disciplinas nos cursos de graduação sobre Ciência de Dados e a falta de literatura sobre a Alfabetização de Dados, especialmente em língua portuguesa. Isso pode estar vinculado com a falta de disciplinas, por ser ainda uma abordagem pouco discutida no meio acadêmico da Ciência da Informação. Percebeu-se a necessidade de incluir a Alfabetização de Dados nos cursos de graduação no Brasil.

Breza Šalamon-Cindori

Emilio Vital Brazil, Eduardo Soares, Lucas Villa Real et al.

Data is a critical element in any discovery process. In the last decades, we observed exponential growth in the volume of available data and the technology to manipulate it. However, data is only practical when one can structure it for a well-defined task. For instance, we need a corpus of text broken into sentences to train a natural language machine-learning model. In this work, we will use the token \textit{dataset} to designate a structured set of data built to perform a well-defined task. Moreover, the dataset will be used in most cases as a blueprint of an entity that at any moment can be stored as a table. Specifically, in science, each area has unique forms to organize, gather and handle its datasets. We believe that datasets must be a first-class entity in any knowledge-intensive process, and all workflows should have exceptional attention to datasets' lifecycle, from their gathering to uses and evolution. We advocate that science and engineering discovery processes are extreme instances of the need for such organization on datasets, claiming for new approaches and tooling. Furthermore, these requirements are more evident when the discovery workflow uses artificial intelligence methods to empower the subject-matter expert. In this work, we discuss an approach to bringing datasets as a critical entity in the discovery process in science. We illustrate some concepts using material discovery as a use case. We chose this domain because it leverages many significant problems that can be generalized to other science fields.

Elyse Fox, Daina Dickman

Sacramento State’s electronic thesis and dissertation (ETD) collection faces a common problem: how to achieve 508 compliance, ensure accessibility for all users, and promote principles of universal design. Providing electronic collections and resources that are accessible to all users is an important part of promoting equity, diversity, and inclusion for our students and end users. In Spring 2020 we launched a new initiative to hire and train a single student employee focused on 508 remediation for approximately 600 previously digitized theses and projects, prior to their ingest in the institutional repository. When our campus closed due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in March 2020 we made the decision to expand this opportunity to more library student employees and provide a project they could work on remotely. By converting this to a remote work project, we were able to keep all student assistants employed who were interested in remote work, from nearly every department in the library. We were able to expand the scope of our remediation efforts, with the original project growing from all retrospectively digitized theses (approximately 1,000 in all) to all ETD content in the institutional repository (an additional 3,500).

Michael A. Heroux

Software plays a central role in scientific discovery. Improving how we develop and use software for research can have both broad and deep impacts on a spectrum of challenges and opportunities society faces today. The emergence of Research Software Engineer (RSE) as a role correlates with the growing complexity of scientific challenges and diversity of software team skills. In this paper, we describe research software science (RSS), an idea related to RSE, and particularly suited to research software teams. RSS promotes the use of scientific methodologies to explore and establish broadly applicable knowledge. Using RSS, we can pursue sustainable, repeatable, and reproducible software improvements that positively impact research software toward improved scientific discovery.

Ritu Kapur, Poojith U Rao, Agrim Dewan et al.

Software development comprises the use of multiple Third-Party Libraries (TPLs). However, the irrelevant libraries present in software application's distributable often lead to excessive consumption of resources such as CPU cycles, memory, and modile-devices' battery usage. Therefore, the identification and removal of unused TPLs present in an application are desirable. We present a rapid, storage-efficient, obfuscation-resilient method to detect the irrelevant-TPLs in Java and Python applications. Our approach's novel aspects are i) Computing a vector representation of a .class file using a model that we call Lib2Vec. The Lib2Vec model is trained using the Paragraph Vector Algorithm. ii) Before using it for training the Lib2Vec models, a .class file is converted to a normalized form via semantics-preserving transformations. iii) A eXtra Library Detector (XtraLibD) developed and tested with 27 different language-specific Lib2Vec models. These models were trained using different parameters and >30,000 .class and >478,000 .py files taken from >100 different Java libraries and 43,711 Python available at MavenCentral.com and Pypi.com, respectively. XtraLibD achieves an accuracy of 99.48% with an F1 score of 0.968 and outperforms the existing tools, viz., LibScout, LiteRadar, and LibD with an accuracy improvement of 74.5%, 30.33%, and 14.1%, respectively. Compared with LibD, XtraLibD achieves a response time improvement of 61.37% and a storage reduction of 87.93% (99.85% over JIngredient). Our program artifacts are available at https://www.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5179747.

Cheuk Ting Li

We present a versatile automated theorem proving framework capable of automated discovery, simplification and proofs of inner and outer bounds in network information theory, deduction of properties of information-theoretic quantities (e.g. Wyner and Gács-Körner common information), and discovery of non-Shannon-type inequalities, under a unified framework. Our implementation successfully generated proofs for 32 out of 56 theorems in Chapters 1-14 of the book Network Information Theory by El Gamal and Kim. Our framework is based on the concept of existential information inequalities, which provides an axiomatic framework for a wide range of problems in information theory.

Zijada Đurđević-Alidžanović

Nelma Camêlo de Araujo, Francisca Rosaline Leite Mota

Os prontuários de pacientes recebem tratamento de organização física, porém as informações contidas nos mesmos são de exclusividade do paciente e do médico que o acompanha, em princípio, o pesquisador terá que solicitar autorização ao paciente para que ele possa ter acesso às informações contidas em seu prontuário. Um dos objetivos foi apresentar a luz da literatura na área da Ciência da Informação que o Prontuário do Paciente é uma fonte primária de informação, e sendo assim, necessita que se tenha o consentimento esclarecido do paciente, dono do prontuário ou seu representante legal, para o acesso as informações contidas nesse documento. Buscou-se compatibilizar a literatura sobre prontuário do paciente e fontes de informação, bem como a legislação no Brasil sobre ética em pesquisa com seres humanos no que tange o uso do prontuário do paciente e a aplicação do termo de consentimento livre esclarecido.  O resultado afirma que o Prontuário é uma Fonte Primária de Informação, e considerando a ética em pesquisa com seres humanos reafirma a necessidade da anuência do participante da pesquisa quando do uso de seu prontuário.

Ritam Dutt, Moumita Basu, Kripabandhu Ghosh et al.

During a disaster event, two types of information that are especially useful for coordinating relief operations are needs and availabilities of resources (e.g., food, water, medicines) in the affected region. Information posted on microblogging sites is increasingly being used for assisting post-disaster relief operations. In this context, two practical challenges are (i)~to identify tweets that inform about resource needs and availabilities (termed as need-tweets and availability-tweets respectively), and (ii)~to automatically match needs with appropriate availabilities. While several works have addressed the first problem, there has been little work on automatically matching needs with availabilities. The few prior works that attempted matching only considered the resources, and no attempt has been made to understand other aspects of needs/availabilities that are essential for matching in practice. In this work, we develop a methodology for understanding five important aspects of need-tweets and availability-tweets, including what resource and what quantity is needed/available, the geographical location of the need/availability, and who needs / is providing the resource. Understanding these aspects helps us to address the need-availability matching problem considering not only the resources, but also other factors such as the geographical proximity between the need and the availability. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to develop methods for understanding the semantics of need-tweets and availability-tweets. We also develop a novel methodology for matching need-tweets with availability-tweets, considering both resource similarity and geographical proximity. Experiments on two datasets corresponding to two disaster events, demonstrate that our proposed methods perform substantially better matching than those in prior works.

He Chen, Yifan Gu, Soung-Chang Liew

As the most well-known application of the Internet of Things (IoT), remote monitoring is now pervasive. In these monitoring applications, information usually has a higher value when it is fresher. A new metric, termed the age of information (AoI), has recently been proposed to quantify the information freshness in various IoT applications. This paper concentrates on the design and analysis of age-oriented random access for massive IoT networks. Specifically, we devise a new stationary threshold-based age-dependent random access (ADRA) protocol, in which each IoT device accesses the channel with a certain probability only when its instantaneous AoI exceeds a predetermined threshold. We manage to evaluate the average AoI of the proposed ADRA protocol mathematically by decoupling the tangled AoI evolution of multiple IoT devices and modeling the decoupled AoI evolution of each device as a Discrete-Time Markov Chain. Simulation results validate our theoretical analysis and affirm the superior age performance of the proposed ADRA protocol over the state-of-the-art age-oriented random access schemes.

T. L. Odorova

The study of the current state of biobibliography of Buryatia, presented in the library web envi-ronment, was the purpose of this article. The author used methods of comparative analysis, monitoring of the web environment, bibliographic. The research results should include a representation of the forms of bio-bibliographic information that exists in the library web environment. The comparative characteristics of Internet resources contributes to the discovery of specifics in the creation of infor-mation products by libraries of various types and types. Links to websites identified in the process of studying the electronic environment can be used as a guide to the bio-bibliographic resources of the libraries of the republic. The article reflects bio-bibliographic information on library websites, which is publicly available. Traditional bio-bibliographic indexes are reviewed – digital copies and electronic versions of printed publications, original bibliographic products, complex electronic resources, databases that combine elements of bio-bibliographic, reference, full-text materials. Data on information products of scientific and public libraries was revealed: the National Library of the Republic of Buryatia, universities, the Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BSC SB RAS), the Republican Library for Children and Youth, centralized library systems of the city of Ulan-Ude and the republic. Bibliographic information in the form of indexes, dictionaries (“Who's Who”), databases (“Teachers' Works”, etc.) has a special place on the websites of scientific libraries of universities: Buryat State University, East Siberian State University of Technology and Management, Buryat State Agricultural Academy, East-Siberian State Institute of Culture. The website of the Central Scientific Library of the BSC SB RAS reflects the “Works of the BSC SB RAS employees” in the same heading, information on memorial libraries of prominent scientists in the field of physical and mathematical sciences, literary criticism, art history, ethnography, oriental studies. The website of the National Library of the Republic of Buryatia provides the most valuable edi-tions of local history topics: electronic versions of printed publications, reference and bibliographic databases, and electronic collections dedicated to prominent figures of the republic. Republican library for children and youth, Central City Library named after I.K. Kalashnikov, the centralized library sys-tems of Ulan-Ude and the republic are created and distributed in the Internet space, mainly bio-bibliographic information of recommendatory nature, in order to popularize the personality of the writer, public figure, war hero, historical character. Conclusions are made about the diversity of forms of bio-bibliographic information in the library web environment and, at the same time, the need to achieve common organizational and methodologi-cal approaches of libraries to create bio-bibliography in the republic and its presentation in the Internet space. The general picture of the state of biobibliography considered in the article, the mentioned names of famous figures of the republic give a curtailed knowledge about of the development of science, culture and other areas of public life in the past and in modern times.

Djuli Machado De Lucca, M. D. S. Pinto, Elizete Vieira Vitorino

D. Gribkov

The experience of foreign digital libraries of the universities of Marburg (Germany), Chalmers (Sweden) and Graz (Austria) is discussed. The structure of the libraries being reviewed comprises six key elements of DELOS conceptual model, i. e. content, users, functionality, quality, policy, and architecture. The Marburg University Library cooperates with many German libraries and possesses vast collections and resources of various types, both it owns and shares with other libraries. The e-library of Chalmers University of Technology is based on the service-oriented Central Knowledge Database comprising paper and digital collections of full texts and metadata being administered with data import-export applications on the Discovery platform. The Graz Library is the bibliographic and information center; it supports scientific research and learning with literature in printed and digital formats, and preserves the cultural heritage in natural sciences and technology. Based on the review of the mentioned digital libraries, the author concludes that Russian libraries must study the foreign experience to develop the model of an inter-university digital library.