Hasil untuk "Asian. Oriental"

As linguistic research continues to navigate the complex interplay between structure, meaning, and pedagogy, increasing attention is being paid to how languages are learned, represented, and taught across diverse sociocultural contexts. From script acquisition and intercultural teaching practices to the analysis of morphosyntactic and semantic structures, contemporary studies are expanding the scope of inquiry to include both traditional and emerging perspectives. This issue brings together five contributions that reflect this multifaceted engagement, with a particular focus on East Asian languages and their learners in multilingual and historically rich environments. We are pleased to present the summer 2025 issue of Acta Linguistica Asiatica, which features five original research articles exploring diverse linguistic phenomena in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean language contexts. The issue opens with “Multiple Classifier Constructions in Chinese: Semantic Representations and Interpretation Mechanism” by YANG Yongzhong. Drawing on a critical re-evaluation of prior analyses, the author proposes an alternative semantic framework for interpreting multiple classifier constructions, focusing on distributive mechanisms and definiteness. Martina JEMELKOVÁ contributes the article “Chinese Binomes: A Graphical or Phonological Construct?”, which investigates disyllabic morphemes in Chinese that include sinograms with no independent meaning. This corpus-based study illuminates both the aesthetic and structural dimensions of binomes, offering new insights into their typological classification and linguistic function. In “Persian Learners Mastering Kanji: Strategies, Use, and Efficiency,” Zeinab SHEKARABI and Fatemeh TAJFIROOZ explore kanji learning strategies among Persian-speaking learners of Japanese. The paper categorizes cognitive and mnemonic approaches across learning stages and genders, highlighting a critical disconnect between strategy frequency and perceived effectiveness. The next contribution, “Fostering the Critical Perspective in Intercultural Competence: The Role of the L2 Japanese Teacher” by Magdalena VASSILEVA, addresses the integration of critical pedagogical frameworks into Japanese language instruction. The study emphasizes the role of the teacher as an intercultural mediator and details an institutional model for developing critical intercultural awareness through reflexive teaching practices. Finally, Kalina offers a comparative study of historical Korean language textbooks used at the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies. “Comparative Analysis of Historic Grade 1 Korean Textbooks at the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies” contrasts materials from pre- and post-liberation periods, highlighting differences in pedagogy, orthography, and linguistic content, and underscoring their historical and educational value. Editors and Editorial Board invite the regular and new readers to engage with the content, to question, challenge, and reflect. We hope you have a pleasant read full of inspiration and a rise of new research ideas inspired by these papers.                                                                           Editors

Ayşe Aldemir

This article examines the calligraphic production of Ottoman sultans from the early eighteenth to the early twentieth centuries, drawing on a corpus of largely unstudied archival inventories. It argues that royal calligraphy was not only a personal and devotional pursuit but also a form of dynastic self-fashioning, institutional memory, and architectural inscription. Beginning with Sultan Ahmed III and culminating in the reign of Sultan Mehmed VI, the essay traces the evolution of sultanic calligraphy through its material forms, instructional contexts, and spatial deployment in sacred sites. It situates these practices within broader transformations in palace life and Ottoman visual culture.

Fatih Doğan

Jing Liu, Hui Zhou

For a graph $G$, let $\mathbb{D}(G)$ denote the set of all strong orientations of $G$, and the oriented diameter of $G$ is $f(G)=\min \{diam(D) \mid D \in \mathbb{D}(G)\}$, which is the minimum value of the diameters $diam(D)$ where $D \in \mathbb{D}(G)$. In this paper, we determine the oriented diameter of complete tripartite graphs $K(3,3, q)$ and $K(3,4, q)$, these are special cases that arise in determining the oriented diameter of $K(3, p, q)$.

Rosa Fernández-Gómez

This paper advocates a transcultural dimension for everyday aesthetics from the grounds of pragmatist aesthetics, with particular attention to East-Asia. The deweyan notion of rhythm will help build a bridge with classical Chinese aesthetics; the arts of the brush will help illustrate how the everyday and ordinary are central themes. The cyclic dimension of temporality will be a key element to uphold an aesthetic view on our ordinary existence.

Kook-Il Han, Young Ho Nam, Byung Su Hwang et al.

IntroductionThe white-spotted flower chafer (Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis), which is widely distributed in Asian countries, is traditionally used in oriental medicine. However, its larvae are prone to severe damage by green muscardine disease (caused by Metarhizium anisopliae) during breeding. The aim of this study was to characterize Bacillus velezensis TJS119, which has been isolated from freshwater, and investigate its potential as a biocontrol agent against M. anisopliae in insects.MethodsTJS119 was obtained from freshwater samples in the Republic of Korea and was classified as B. velezensis. We evaluated its in vitro antifungal effect, sequenced the bacterial whole genome, mined genes responsible for the synthesis of secondary metabolites, performed secondary metabolite analysis Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS), and conducted bioassays for determining green muscardine disease control ability.ResultsBacillus velezensis TJS119 inhibited the mycelial growth of M. anisopliae in vitro. The size of the B. velezensis TJS119 genome was estimated to be 3,890,913 bp with a GC content of 46.67% and 3,750 coding sequences. Biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites with antifungal activity were identified in the genome. Lipopeptides, including fengycin secreted by TJS119 exhibit antifungal activity. Application of TJS119 for the biocontrol against green muscardine disease increased the viability of white-spotted flower chafer by 94.7% compared to the control.DiscussionThese results indicate that B. velezensis TJS119 is a potential biocontrol agent for insect pathogens.

Karishma Pradhan, Aparajita Datta, Dollar Ganguly et al.

Asian forest hornbills play an important functional role as seed dispersers. Three of the large-bodied hornbill species in the Eastern Himalaya are declining globally. To understand their global population status, it is important to obtain reliable abundance estimates across their range. Protected areas are the strongholds for hornbill species in the Eastern Himalaya but differ in degree of disturbances and human pressures. We estimated the abundances of four hornbill species (Great Hornbill, Wreathed Hornbill, Rufous-necked Hornbill, and Oriental Pied-Hornbill) in the human-impacted Buxa Tiger Reserve in northern West Bengal. This is the first study in Asia to obtain abundance estimates of the hornbill species through comprehensive spatial coverage of the reserve. The densities of the three large-bodied species were low (< 1 bird per km2), while that of the small-bodied Oriental Pied hornbill was around 11 birds per km2. Abundance estimates ranged from a mean of 27 birds for the Rufous-necked Hornbill that is confined to the hilly areas to 161 for the Great Hornbill, 375 for the Wreathed Hornbill and 8050 for the Oriental Pied-Hornbill. Habitat quality was poor in most of the reserve with low tree density and basal area with only a few patches with higher tree density. Oriental Pied-Hornbills were associated with lower elevations and higher fruiting tree density. Despite the relatively low abundance of the large-bodied hornbill species, Buxa is an important site for hornbill conservation due to the presence of breeding populations and nests. While past and ongoing human pressures have resulted in habitat degradation, poaching pressures are low and hornbills are able to persist and breed in this landscape. Ecologically meaningful forest restoration with diverse native tree species is urgently needed to improve the habitat quality for hornbills and other wildlife.

Keun Soo Yim

Task-oriented queries (e.g., one-shot queries to play videos, order food, or call a taxi) are crucial for assessing the quality of virtual assistants, chatbots, and other large language model (LLM)-based services. However, a standard benchmark for task-oriented queries is not yet available, as existing benchmarks in the relevant NLP (Natural Language Processing) fields have primarily focused on task-oriented dialogues. Thus, we present a new methodology for efficiently generating the Task-oriented Queries Benchmark (ToQB) using existing task-oriented dialogue datasets and an LLM service. Our methodology involves formulating the underlying NLP task to summarize the original intent of a speaker in each dialogue, detailing the key steps to perform the devised NLP task using an LLM service, and outlining a framework for automating a major part of the benchmark generation process. Through a case study encompassing three domains (i.e., two single-task domains and one multi-task domain), we demonstrate how to customize the LLM prompts (e.g., omitting system utterances or speaker labels) for those three domains and characterize the generated task-oriented queries. The generated ToQB dataset is made available to the public. We further discuss new domains that can be added to ToQB by community contributors and its practical applications.

Vítor H. Fernandes

Following the new description of an oriented full transformation on a finite chain given recently by Higgins and Vernitski in "Orientation-preserving and orientation-reversing mappings: a new description", Semigroup Forum 104 (2022), 509--514, in this short note we present a refinement of this description which is extendable to partial transformations and to injective partial transformations.

Zejun Huang, Chenxi Yang

An oriented graph is a digraph obtained from an undirected graph by choosing an orientation for each edge. Given a positive integer $n$ and an oriented graph $F$, the oriented Tur$\acute{\rm a}$n number $ex_{ori}(n,F)$ is the maximum number of arcs in an $F$-free oriented graph of order $n$. In this paper, we investigate the oriented Tur$\acute{\rm a}$n number $ex_{ori}(n, \overrightarrow{S_{k,1}} )$, where $\overrightarrow{S_{k,1}}$ is the $1$-subdivision of the in-star of order $k+1$. We determine $ex_{ori}(n,\overrightarrow{S_{k,1}}) $ for $k=2,3$ as well as the extremal oriented graphs. For $k\ge 4$, we establish a lower bound and an upper bound on $ex_{ori}(n,\overrightarrow{S_{k,1}})$.

Denys Bulavka, Éric Colin de Verdière, Niloufar Fuladi

We initiate the study of computing shortest non-separating simple closed curves with some given topological properties on non-orientable surfaces. While, for orientable surfaces, any two non-separating simple closed curves are related by a self-homeomorphism of the surface, and computing shortest such curves has been vastly studied, for non-orientable ones the classification of non-separating simple closed curves up to ambient homeomorphism is subtler, depending on whether the curve is one-sided or two-sided, and whether it is orienting or not (whether it cuts the surface into an orientable one). We prove that computing a shortest orienting (weakly) simple closed curve on a non-orientable combinatorial surface is NP-hard but fixed-parameter tractable in the genus of the surface. In contrast, we can compute a shortest non-separating non-orienting (weakly) simple closed curve with given sidedness in $g^{O(1)}.n\log n$ time, where $g$ is the genus and $n$ the size of the surface. For these algorithms, we develop tools that can be of independent interest, to compute a variation on canonical systems of loops for non-orientable surfaces based on the computation of an orienting curve, and some covering spaces that are essentially quotients of homology covers.

Simone Lioy, Luca Carisio, Aulo Manino et al.

The introduction and expansion of the Asian yellow-legged hornet (<i>Vespa velutina nigrithorax</i>) in Europe poses concern for multiple reasons, including biodiversity conservation. In addition to the predation of native insects (e.g., bees and wasps), this species may compete with native hornets due to an overlap of their climatic and trophic niches. The aim of this study is to investigate the realised climatic niche of <i>V. v. nigrithorax</i> and its response to climatic conditions and to evaluate the degree of overlap with the niches of the two native <i>Vespa</i> species present in Europe, <i>Vespa crabro</i> and <i>Vespa orientalis</i>. The niches of both native species partially overlap with the niche of the invasive species (Schoener’s D, 0.43 for <i>V. crabro</i> and 0.28 for <i>V. orientalis</i>), although some differences can be detected. <i>V. crabro</i> appears to be more adapted to cold and dry conditions than the invasive species, and <i>V. orientalis</i> is more adapted to arid climates. These differences may provide a competitive advantage to both native species in areas with a lower environmental suitability for <i>V. v. nigrithorax</i>, in the probable event that this species continues to spread, reaching all areas predicted to be suitable in Europe and in the Mediterranean basin.

Yuichi Nakajima, Yu Matsuki, Miguel D. Fortes et al.

Seagrasses are marine angiosperms, and seagrass beds maintain the species diversity of tropical and subtropical coastal ecosystems. For proper understanding, management and conservation of coastal ecosystems, it is essential to understand seagrass population dynamics. Population genetic studies can cover large geographic scales and contribute to a comprehensive understanding of reproductive dynamics and potential dispersal among locations. The clonal and genetic diversity and genetic connectivity of <i>Thalassia hemprichii</i> in the Philippines were estimated by a population genetics approach. The geographic scale of this study has a direct distance of approximately 1600 km. Although high clonal diversity was found in some sites (<i>R</i> = 0.07–1.00), both sexual and asexual reproduction generally maintains separate populations. Genetic diversity is not definitely correlated with latitude, and genetic differentiation is significant in all pairs of sites (<i>F</i>_ST = 0.026–0.744). Complex genetic structure was found in some regions, even at a fine geographic scale. The migration of fruits and seedlings was elucidated as an infrequent and stochastic event. These results suggest the necessity for the conservation of this species due to a deficiency in migrants from external regions.

Ulrike Čokl

In this article, I introduce selected aspects of the concept and practice of thuenlam (མཐུན་ལམ) in Bhutan, the local term for maintaining ‘harmonious relations’. Most Bhutanese consider thuenlam an important prerequisite for successful co-existence and co-operation within society. I describe the views and experiences of my three Bhutanese fellow travelers on the way from Shingkhar, a village in Bumthang (Central Bhutan), to Zhongmay, a village in Lhuentse (Eastern Bhutan). While trekking along the ancient footpath that connected both valleys, I explore the different ways my companions keep thuenlam with a variety of neypo (གནས་པོ hosts) through the exchange of food and drink, gifts, and services. I furthermore draw on my interviews with Bumthap villagers and my field notes resulting from living and traveling with Bhutanese over many years. This account includes my perspective as a researcher who depends on the hospitality framework to establish thuenlam in the field. Hence, drawing on four years of dissertation research and over 23 years of familiarity with Bhutan, I focus on the informal etiquette, beyzhag (འབད་བཞག) and hosting traditions of day-to-day village life rather than the formalized and codified etiquette of driglam namzhag (སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག), the official Bhutanese code of conduct. Both nurture various types of thuenlam in society: the former, informal practices are organic and transmitted within the family and community; the latter, mandatory during official events and settings are taught at schools and in specialized courses. Note: To have Tibetan script correctly displayed, please download the PDF file and open it in a desktop application.

Jihye Hwang, Eun Hwa Choi, Bia Park et al.

A white-spotted flower chafer Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis widely distributed in Asian countries is traditionally used in oriental medicine. This study explored gene expression abundance with respect to wing development and metamorphosis in P. b. seulensis based on the large-scale RNA-seq data. The transcriptome assembly consists of 23,551 high-quality transcripts which are approximately 96.7% covered. We found 265 wing development genes, 19 metamorphosis genes, and 1,314 candidates. Of the 1,598 genes, 1,594 are included exclusively in cluster 4 with similar gene co-expression patterns. The network centrality analyses showed that wing development- and metamorphosis-related genes have a high degree of betweenness centrality and are expressed most highly in eggs, moderately in pupa and adults, and lowest in larva. This study provides some meaningful clues for elucidating the genetic modulation mechanism of wing development and metamorphosis in P. b. seulensis.

Waldir S. Soares, Douglas F. Copatti, Giuliano G. La Guardia et al.

In this paper, we construct new families of asymmetric quantum surface codes (AQSCs) over non-orientable surfaces of genus $g\geq 2$ by applying tools of hyperbolic geometry. More precisely, we prove that if the genus $g$ of a non-orientable surface is even $(g=2h)$, then the parameters of the corresponding AQSC are equal to the parameters of a surface code obtained from an orientable surface of genus $h$. Additionally, if $S$ is a non-orientable surface of genus $g$, we show that the new surface code constructed on a $\{p, q\}$ tessellation over $S$ has the ratio $k/n$ better than the ratio of an AQSC constructed on the same $\{p, q\}$ tessellation over an orientable surface of the same genus $g$.

Changlong Zhong

We generalize the property of small-torus equivariant K-homology of the affine Grassmannian to general oriented (co)homology theory in the sense of Levine and Morel. The main tool we use is the formal affine Demazure algebra associated to the affine root system. More precisely, we prove that the small-torus equivariant oriented cohomology of the affine Grassmannian satisfies the GKM condition. We also show that its dual, the small-torus equivariant homology, is isomorphic to the centralizer of the equivariant oriented cohomology of a point in the the formal affine Demazure algebra.

Pierre-Olivier Maquart, L. Chann, S. Boyer

Abstract Culex vishnui Theobald, 1901, a main vector of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), is widely distributed in the Oriental region where it often accounts for a great part of the culicid fauna. This species also has been found naturally infected with at least 13 other arboviruses of medical and veterinary importance. Females blood feed predominantly upon pigs and birds, but may readily bite cattle and humans. Because of its abundance, medical importance, and presence throughout ecological gradients among urban, peri-urban, and rural areas, Cx. vishnui potentially may serve as a bridge vector transmitting viruses from natural and wild hosts to humans. Being zoo- and anthropophagic, omnipresent in the Oriental region, and presenting strong resistance to many insecticide families, this overlooked mosquito species may pose a serious health risk in one of the most densely populated regions of the world.

Nirvan Pradhan

Seven decades after India’s independence, tea plantations across Darjeeling are being abandoned by owners. This article explores afterlives of abandoned plantations in Darjeeling. Working through an analytic of livability, this paper asks what forms afterlives take—in these spaces of post-industrial ruination and decay. This article draws on ethnographic fieldwork in six abandoned plantations in Darjeeling and Siliguri, conducted by participant observation between 2019 and 2021. This article explores workers’ struggle to maintain a life of dignity in the wake of abandonment. This article will first describe two brief encounters where sentiments of dissatisfaction are expressed, which provide an understanding of the everyday precarity and marginalization of workers and their children. Abandonment has also engendered an increase in migration from these tea plantations. I will then explore the effects of transnational migration which displaces people’s identities and sense of belonging. I discuss how migration has been facilitated by kinship networks across borders. I will then discuss another set of encounters in a recruitment agency. Recruitment for transnational labor markets has engendered its own set of exploitation owing to India’s deficient migration policy and regulatory oversight. In this paper, I explore the choice to migrate as a wider political question of freedom and social transformation—a rethinking of the conditions of life to explore conditions for flourishing lives.

A. G. Volodin

The article is focused on the evolution of Soviet Indian studies in the course of the 1970s and 1980s, i.e. the period of the discipline’s indisputable academic upsurge. The present author maintains that factors instrumental of Indian studies’ ascendant development were many; among the latter foreign policy imperatives as well as high quality intellectual talent available are distinguished to explain the advancement of this area of social science research to the status of socially significant professional activities. Socio-economic, history and political studies are taken to demonstrate the academic accomplishments of Soviet scholars who exploited their own “wisdom” to comprehend India’s complex social reality and, also, utilized critical assessment of the existent social science research paradigms circulating in Indian scholarship. The “crisis” of Indian studies dating back to the late 1980s is discussed in basic aspects. The social and political origins of the “crisis” are being highlighted. The evolution of Soviet Indian studies during the late 1980s is investigated at the backdrop of sociopolitical development in the years preceding the USSR’s dismemberment. Tentative factors instrumental of the eventual “comeback” of Indian studies as an academic discipline of high societal stature are estimated.