Hasil untuk "1789-"

Pilutti Namer, Myriam

This article offers preliminary reflections on the dispersal of classical sculptures between Venice and Europe, suggesting that further research might benefit from the integration of digital humanities and archaeometric approaches. Through three case studies ‒ the Adorant of Berlin, the Grimani Vitellius, and the Laborde Head ‒ it considers the potential of such methodologies for advancing understanding of provenance, circulation, and reception, while also drawing attention to patterns of collecting and cultural exchange.

Theodore B. Smith, Logan B. Fries, Jonathan R. Trump et al.

We present a reverberation mapping (RM) analysis of the coronal line [Ne v ] λ 3427-emitting region of the quasar COS168 (SDSS J095910.30+020732.2). [Ne v ] λ 3427 is known as one of the “coronal lines,” which are a species of emission lines present in active galactic nuclei (AGN) spectra with high ionization potentials (≥ 100 eV) that can serve as tracers for AGN activity. The spatial extent of the coronal line region has been studied with only spatial resolving techniques that are not sensitive to the innermost regions of AGN. Through our RM analysis of [Ne v ] λ 3427, we measure a nominal “optimal emission radius” for [Ne v ] λ 3427 of $381.{1}_{-22}^{+16}$ lt-day (observed frame). We place the coronal line region in context with other AGN regions by comparing it with the characteristic radius of H α , the dust-sublimation radius, and the dusty torus. The coronal line region is located at a larger radius from the black hole than the characteristic radius of the dusty torus, measured using a torus–radius luminosity relationship. The virial product ( v ^2 R / G ) of both H α and [Ne v ] λ 3427 is consistent within the uncertainties, implying that the coronal line region, as probed by the [Ne v ] λ 3427 line, may be in a virialized orbit that is dominated by the gravitational potential of the black hole. This plausibly suggests that coronal lines could be an effective method for estimating black hole masses.

Maria Jesus Garcia Garcia

This paper deals with codification and institutionalization of deliberative democracy among member states and EU institutions in the scope of democratic cohesion in the digital era. The general approach is based on the premise that innovations in deliberative democracy triggered by digitalization and new technologies need to be institutionalized in the legal systems of member states according to a set of legal standards that stem from the EU acquis in order to maintain democratic cohesion in the law-making process. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the necessity of institutionalizing deliberative democracy processes in the framework of EU democracies. The hypothesis is that codification and institutionalization of deliberative democracy is necessary to preserve democratic cohesion among EU member states and also to guarantee citizens' entitlements. As for methodology, data collection and data analysis constitute the bulk of the research. Data collection relies on literature, and EU legislation. Data analysis is based on legal reasoning, mainly. The conclusion is that citizens' participation needs to be secured and guaranteed by means of a set of core principles base on the EU acquis in order to preserve democratic cohesion among member states. Otherwise, no rights are conferred to citizens and deliberative processes operate at the discretion of public authorities.

Brenton T Bicknell, Danner Butler, Sydney Whalen et al.

Abstract BackgroundRecent studies, including those by the National Board of Medical Examiners, have highlighted the remarkable capabilities of recent large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT in passing the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). However, there is a gap in detailed analysis of LLM performance in specific medical content areas, thus limiting an assessment of their potential utility in medical education. ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess and compare the accuracy of successive ChatGPT versions (GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and GPT-4 Omni) in USMLE disciplines, clinical clerkships, and the clinical skills of diagnostics and management. MethodsThis study used 750 clinical vignette-based multiple-choice questions to characterize the performance of successive ChatGPT versions (ChatGPT 3.5 [GPT-3.5], ChatGPT 4 [GPT-4], and ChatGPT 4 Omni [GPT-4o]) across USMLE disciplines, clinical clerkships, and in clinical skills (diagnostics and management). Accuracy was assessed using a standardized protocol, with statistical analyses conducted to compare the models’ performances. ResultsGPT-4o achieved the highest accuracy across 750 multiple-choice questions at 90.4%, outperforming GPT-4 and GPT-3.5, which scored 81.1% and 60.0%, respectively. GPT-4o’s highest performances were in social sciences (95.5%), behavioral and neuroscience (94.2%), and pharmacology (93.2%). In clinical skills, GPT-4o’s diagnostic accuracy was 92.7% and management accuracy was 88.8%, significantly higher than its predecessors. Notably, both GPT-4o and GPT-4 significantly outperformed the medical student average accuracy of 59.3% (95% CI 58.3‐60.3). ConclusionsGPT-4o’s performance in USMLE disciplines, clinical clerkships, and clinical skills indicates substantial improvements over its predecessors, suggesting significant potential for the use of this technology as an educational aid for medical students. These findings underscore the need for careful consideration when integrating LLMs into medical education, emphasizing the importance of structured curricula to guide their appropriate use and the need for ongoing critical analyses to ensure their reliability and effectiveness.

Eugenia Sánchez

El artículo analiza cómo un sector del radicalismo de San Francisco (Córdoba) integró en una sola identidad repudiable al comunismo y al fascismo para desprestigiar al intendente, también radical, Serafín Trigueros de Godoy durante 1932-1936. Desde una mirada local se busca contribuir a la comprensión del impacto que tuvieron en Argentina las polarizaciones ideológicas internacionales. En particular, cómo y por qué fue posible para un sector del radicalismo combinar discursos circulantes aparentemente antagónicos como el anticomunista y el antifascista. También, cómo impactó la orientación frentepopulista del Partido Comunista en una localidad donde este tenía una relevante inserción social.

Arvydas Pacevičius

In the former territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which was incorporated into the Russian Empire in 1795, the Catholic cloisters had numerous and valuable book collections. The Troškūnai (now in the district of Anykščiai in East Lithuania) cloister's Library of bernardines was founded in 1696 and secularized in 1864 following Tsarist repressions. The collections of the library increased with the help of donations from aristocrats and monks, also thanks to the chief of the Bernardine Province of Lithuania, Aleksandras Butkevičius, who initiated a catalogue of this library written in 1782. This catalogue and other historical sources certify that there were 703 volumes of books in the Troškūnai library in 1784, 1255 volumes in 1800, and 1501 volumes in 1841. The analysis of the catalogue showed that no less than 54-56 percent of this collection was religious, scholastic, or polemic literature. However, gifts and the need to maintain books for the Troškūnai gymnasium (a secondary school administered by the monks) were reasons why the library also collected scientific literature and classical antiquities. This book collection was predominantly in Latin and Polish, but towards the end of the 18th century, the share of West-European and Lithuanian languages began to increase. For example, there were 7 "Lithuanian-Latin-Polish" dictionaries by Konstantinas Sirvydas and 14 other books in the Lithuanian language. The Library of the Troškūnai cloister was modern, as more than 90 percent of the collection consisted of 18th-century issues; on the other hand, it reflected the increasing role of books in Lithuanian society during this period. The original sign in the Library of Troškūnai was left by the famous Lithuanian preacher of the bernardines, Kiprijonas Lukauskas (Cyprianus Lukowski). He presented a heraldic book by Andrzej Kuropatnicki, issued in Warsaw in 1789. The facts mentioned above allow us to conclude that the quantity and character of the Troškūnai book collection depended on internal (regulation of the Bernardine Order, the leader's personality) and external (the program of benefactors, the book market, government politics) circumstances. On the other hand, Enlightenment ideas were accepted and adopted in Lithuania, and the confessional intelligentsia participated in this process.

Krzystof Zielnica

Zuerst erschienen in: Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung. Mitteilungen, 5. Jg., Heft 38, Oktober 1980, S. 27–36.

L. Schilirò, M. Rossi, F. Polpetta et al.

<p>Over the last 2 decades, the topic of earthquake-triggered landslides (EQTLs) has shown increasing relevance in the scientific community. This interest is confirmed by the numerous articles published in international, peer-reviewed journals. In this work we present a database containing a selection of articles published on this topic from 1984 to 2021. The articles were selected through a systematic search on the Clarivate™ Web of Science™ Core Collection online platform and were catalogued into a web-based GIS (web-GIS), which was specifically designed to show different types of information. After a general analysis of the database, for each article the following aspects were identified: the bibliometric information (e.g. author(s), title, publication year), the relevant topic and sub-topic category (or categories), and the earthquake(s) addressed. The analysis allowed us to infer general information and statistics on EQTLs (e.g. relevant methodological approaches over time and in relation to the scale of investigation, most studied events), which can be useful to obtain a spatial distribution of the articles and a general overview of the topic.</p>

Equip de Redacció

En este número proponemos, como documento, un programa hipotético como base para la elaboración de una asignatura ideal que agrupara la historia de España y Cataluña entre 1979 y 2019. Desde Redacción hemos tomado como referencia los libros de Pilar Toboso Sánchez, Historia de España actual. Desde la Segunda República hasta nuestros días (Síntesis, 2019); y el de Juan Jesús González Rodríguez (ed.), Cambio social en la España del siglo XXI (Alianza Editorial, 2020). Ambos son obras de referencia que agrupan contenido y resultan ideales para una primera aproximación a un programa tan vasto. El programa centrado en la Historia de le Economía en la España actual es una iniciativa del profesor Guillermo García Crespo (UC3, UdG). La política exterior española se ha integrado en los diversos puntos del programa sin darle un especial realce. Para un enfoque ya elaborado de todo el periodo se recomienda la obra de Michael Reid, Spain. The trials and Triumphs of a Modern European Country, (Yale University Press, 2023) que se reseña en este mismo número de Tiempo devorado.

Abihail Johnson

ESAANZ ESSAY PRIZE WINNER An analysis of European economic trade policy and its role in international diplomacy on climate change. This accounts for both the objective financial benefits and incentives of preferential trading agreements as well as the influence of these deals on wider foreign relations. The findings of this paper are that withholding trade agreements to encourage or coerce similar progressive causes such as demilitarisation are highly limited in their impact, and that many of the causes of this outcome apply equally to climate issues. A loose explanation of how trade agreements and the associated diplomatic relationships which accompany them could be utilised to promote better environmental practices is also provided, based on the economic conditions of countries and communities involved. Trade progression with a focus on achievable climate goals is found to be far more beneficial than an exclusionary approach by the EU.

Natalia Chaban

This article proposes a conceptual model that factors external and internal drivers behind external perceptions in IR and allows to trace their interaction across geographical distances argued by social identity theory (Moles and Rohmer, 1978) and evolution across historical distances defined by historical geography (Braudel, 1989). This article used the case of Canada􀂶s perceptions of the EU to demonstrate the model in action and trace the ‘mental mapping􀂶 (Didelon-Loiseau and Grasland, 2014) of the EU􀂶s images through the perceptions of EU-Canada relation over time. Informed by the tripartite paradigm of the influential factors behind external perceptions of the EU: endogenous, exogenous and global (Tsuruoka, 2006; Chaban and Magdalina, 2014), the article offers a model that goes beyond this logic in an innovative way. It considers a geo-temporal matrix of vantage points that shape perceptions. To demonstrate the model in action, this article reviews existing research on perceptions of the EU in Canada focusing on the key works and their findings in this field over the last decade.

Stephen Alomes, Bruno Mascitelli

Throughout the world, celebrity and populism have become formidable combinations in supporting political leadership. The rise of these phenomena has provoked much debate and has led to the examination of the features, causes and consequences of this kind of politics. Celebrity politics is a reflection of both the influence of celebrities and the power of celebrity images in the media which see politicians becoming celebrities, deliberately or accidentally. The political rise and fall of Nicholas Sarkozy and Silvio Berlusconi and their roles in the performances associated with political leadership furnish two case studies of celebrity and populism in France and Italy respectively. This paper examines these two “presidential-style” leaders in Europe who at first seemedadept in practising aspects of both celebrity and populist politics.

Dillon T. Flood, Kyle W. Knouse, Julien C. Vantourout et al.

M. Peters

The Enlightenment, often referred to as ‘The Age of Reason’, is sometimes periodised by French historians as the years 1715, the death of Louis XIV, and 1789, the start of the French Revolution. Th...

George Marian AEVOAE

The aim of this paper is to present, using a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the scientific literature published by authors from the European Union, regarding the concepts of value creation/destruction through mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and their quantification, the latter being made by measuring the abnormal returns and the performance of the concentration. The purpose of the paper is reached by conducting a meta-analysis of the scientific literature on mergers, acquisitions and synergy. The sample consists of 83 papers, published between 1999 and 2017, which approach the presented subjects from both a theoretical perspective and an empirical one. The analysis and classification of the literature made possible the identification of the main topics in the field and contributes to a future research agenda in the field. This analysis has, as main purpose, to draw attention on the preoccupation of the researchers and practitioners in the field, by pointing out the results and the main conclusions of the studies from the chosen sample of papers.

Lan Liu, H. Ghahari, R. Beaver

Malick W. Ghachem

M. Rockloff

A. Nemésio, C. Rasmussen

E. Fonseca-Pedrero, M. Paino, S. Lemos-Giráldez et al.