Hasil untuk "Technology (General)"

Sebastian Holm, MD, Mario Zambrana, MD, Juan E. Berner, MD, PhD et al.

Summary:. Generative artificial intelligence (AI) large language models are an emerging technology, with ChatGPT and Gemini being 2 well-known examples. The current literature discusses clinical applications and limitations of AI, but its role in research has not yet been extensively evaluated. This study aimed to assess the role of ChatGPT and Gemini in developing novel and clinically relevant research ideas (RIs) for systematic reviews (SRs) in head and neck reconstruction. ChatGPT and Gemini were prompted to provide 10 novel and clinically relevant RIs for SRs in the following domains: head and neck reconstruction in general, microsurgery, and complications in reconstructive head and neck procedures. A comprehensive search was then performed for SRs in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase to determine the novelty of the RIs generated. A total of 60 RIs were generated, with half created by ChatGPT and the other half by Gemini. Overall, 3613 entries were found through the literature search. After deduplication and screening, a total of 50 studies that partially addressed the AI-generated RIs were identified and were included in the present review. Out of the 60 AI-generated RIs, 42 had not been previously studied and were therefore considered novel. No statistically significant differences were found between the outputs generated by Gemini and ChatGPT. Both ChatGPT and Gemini were able to effectively generate novel and clinically relevant RIs for SRs, although their suggestions were generally broad. This study demonstrated that AI could potentially aid in the process of conducting novel SRs.

NIU Zihao 1, 2, ZHU Zhende 3, QUE Xiangcheng 3, XIE Xinghua 4, JIN Kai 1, 2

With the construction and commissioning of major hydropower projects represented by Baihetan of Jinsha River, it is of great significance to clarify the mechanical and seepage characteristics of engineering rock mass under complex stress environment with high confining pressure and high water pressure. Based on the field survey data and the structural characteristics of the columnar jointed basalt of dam foundation, two kinds of columnar joint similar material model samples with different dip angles β, quadrangular prisms and hexagonal prisms, are prepared, and the true triaxial stress-seepage coupling tests are carried out. The test results show that the columnar jointed rock mass with different cross-section characteristics has strong permeability anisotropy, and the permeability coefficient k is positively correlated with β at different loading stages. During the true triaxial loading process, the volume strain εV of the sample can be used as an effective characterization parameter of k. At the volume compression stage, k shows a low level, and at the volume expansion stage k shows a rapid growth trend. The final failure mode of the samples exhibits three typical forms, and the most dangerous failure mode is the structural failure dominated by the shear slip failure of the joint surface, which mainly occurs in the samples with β=45°, 60°. Correspondingly, the lateral support of this kind of rock mass should be strengthened in the construction design of surrounding rock of tunnels and rock mass of dam foundation.

Anna Ulldemolins, Maria Narciso, Maria Narciso et al.

Introduction: Aging induces functional and structural changes in the lung, characterized by a decline in elasticity and diminished pulmonary remodeling and regenerative capacity. Emerging evidence suggests that most biomechanical alterations in the lung result from changes in the composition of the lung extracellular matrix (ECM), potentially modulating the behavior of pulmonary cells and increasing the susceptibility to chronic lung diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the mechanical properties of the aged lung. This study aims to assess the mechanical alterations in the lung ECM due to aging at both residual (RV) and functional (FV) lung volumes and to evaluate their effects on the survival and proliferation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs).Methods: The lungs from young (4-6-month-old) and aged (20-24-month-old) mice were inflated with optimal cutting temperature compound to reach FV or non-inflated (RV). ECM proteins laminin, collagen I and fibronectin were quantified by immunofluorescence and the mechanical properties of the decellularized lung sections were assessed using atomic force microscopy. To investigate whether changes in ECM composition by aging and/or mechanical properties at RV and FV volumes affects MSCs, their viability and proliferation were evaluated after 72 h.Results: Laminin presence was significantly reduced in aged mice compared to young mice, while fibronectin and collagen I were significantly increased in aged mice. In RV conditions, the acellular lungs from aged mice were significantly softer than from young mice. By contrast, in FV conditions, the aged lung ECM becomes stiffer than that of in young mice, revealing that strain hardening significantly depends on aging. Results after MSCs recellularization showed similar viability and proliferation rate in all conditions.Discussion: This data strongly suggests that biomechanical measurements, especially in aging models, should be carried out in physiomimetic conditions rather than following the conventional non-inflated lung (RV) approach. The use of decellularized lung scaffolds from aged and/or other lung disease murine/human models at physiomimetic conditions will help to better understand the potential role of mechanotransduction on the susceptibility and progression of chronic lung diseases, lung regeneration and cancer.

N.O. , T.M. , Yu.I. et al.

The article proposes the development of an automated lighting control system for special purpose objects, for example, a theater stage or a concert hall. Stage lighting plays an important role in the respective art and lamps are one of the types of lighting devices. The developed system is focused on modern LED lamps, which have the following advantages compared to traditional lamps: much lower power consumption, much longer average «life», much less heat dissipation. The system was built with the use of a microcontroller, which made it possible to improve its characteristics based on the well-known and mastered microcontroller architecture by supplementing it with specialized blocks implemented taking into account the features of the control object. A structural and circuit electrical scheme of the lighting control system has been developed. The basis of the scheme is the Atmel ATmega162 microcontroller of the AVR family, which has the widest set of functions. An algorithm for the lighting control system was also developed and a program for a microcontroller using the C programming language was written.

Marco Nicola Mastrone, Lucas Hildebrand, Constantin Paschold et al.

The circular layout and the kinematics of planetary gearboxes result in characteristic oil flow phenomena. The goal of this paper is to apply a new remeshing strategy, based on the finite volume method, on the numerical analysis of a planetary gearbox and its evaluation of results as well as its validation. The numerical results are compared with experimental data acquired on the underlying test rig with high-speed camera recordings. By use of a transparent housing cover, the optical access in the front region of the gearbox is enabled. Different speeds of the planet carrier and immersion depths are considered. A proper domain partitioning and a specifically suited mesh-handling strategy provide a highly efficient numerical model. The open-source software OpenFOAM^® is used.

Nisitha Padmawansa, Kosala Gunawardane, Samaneh Madanian et al.

Globally, renewable energy-based power generation is experiencing exponential growth due to concerns over the environmental impacts of traditional power generation methods. Microgrids (MGs) are commonly employed to integrate renewable sources due to their distributed nature, with batteries often used to compensate for power fluctuations caused by the intermittency of renewable energy sources. However, sudden fluctuations in the power supply can negatively impact battery performance, making it challenging to select an appropriate battery energy storage system (BESS) at the design stage of an MG. The cycle count of a battery in relation to battery stress is a useful measure for determining the general health of a battery and can aid in BESS selection. An accurate digital replica of an MG is required to determine the required cycle count and stress levels of a BESS. The Digital Twin (DT) concept can be used to replicate the dynamics of the MG in a virtual environment, allowing for the estimation of required cycle numbers and applied stress levels to a BESS. This paper presents a Microgrid Digital Twin (MGDT) model that can estimate the required cycle count and stress levels of a BESS without considering any unique battery type. Based on the results, designers can select an appropriate BESS for the MG, and the MGDT can also be used to roughly estimate the health of the currently operating BESS, allowing for cost-effective predictive maintenance scheduling for MGs.

Naila Chahinez Boukhebache, Nabila Amirouche, Rachid Amirouche

This paper provides new cytotaxonomic data on the genus Narcissus Linnaeus, 1753, in Algeria. Populations of seven taxa, N. tazetta Linnaeus, 1753, N. pachybolbus Durieu, 1847, N. papyraceus Ker Gawler, 1806, N. elegans (Haworth) Spach, 1846, N. serotinus sensu lato Linnaeus, 1753, including N. obsoletus (Haworth) Steudel, 1841, and N. cantabricus De Candolle, 1815, were karyologically investigated through chromosome counting and karyotype parameters. N. tazetta and N. elegans have the same number of chromosomes 2n = 2x = 20 with different karyotype formulas. Karyological and morphological characteristics, confirm the specific status of N. pachybolbus and N. papyraceus, both are diploids with 2n = 22 but differing in asymmetry indices. The morphotypes corresponding to N. serotinus sensu lato show two ploidy levels 2n = 4x = 20 and 2n = 6x = 30 characterized by a yellow corona. Some hexaploid cytotypes have more asymmetric karyotype with predominance of subtelocentric chromosomes. They are distinguished by orange corona and may correspond to N. obsoletus. Other cytotype 2n = 28 of N. serotinus was observed in the North Western biogeographic sectors. N. cantabricus was found to be diploid with 2n = 2x = 14, which is a new diploid report in the southernmost geographic range of this polyploid complex.

Ally Kafesa, Nadira Nur Hajah Lutfi, Cep Wahyu

The concentration of magnesium is determined based on the absorbance of the Mg-Xylydil Blue-I complex solution use spectrophotometer. Based on the Lambert-Beer rule, the calculation of sample concentration is based on the formula A = Ԑ. b. C. Generally, the thickness of the cuvette (b) and the molar absorptivity (Ԑ) factor will be ignored because it is considered to have a fixed value, therefore the sample concentration is measured based on the ratio of the absorbance of the sample against the standard solution. However, the standard solution contains pure magnesium and has a different matrix than the sample matrix, so this condition can give analytical errors and lead to misinterpretation of the results. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and the precision of serum magnesium calculation by the principle of the Mg- Xylydil Blue-I complex reaction based on molar absorptivity compared to the general method. This research uses comparative study design methods. The serum sample used was the patient's serum specimen who has a normal magnesium level. The results showed that the significance value of the paired t-test statistical was 0.000 (p < 0.05). The accuracy value (d%) of the calculation formula uses Ɛ is 0.00 and the precision value (CV%) is 0.53. While the accuracy value (d%) of the calculation formula without Ɛ is 0.00 and the precision value (CV%) is 0.38. Calculations based on molar absorptivity (Ɛ) can measure more significant serum magnesium than those calculated based on standard magnesium solutions.

Haibo MEI, Kun YANG, Xinyu FAN

Fog radio access network (F-RAN) is suitable for Internet of things applications of national important industries, such as pipeline network monitoring in wide area.However, the performance of the F-RAN based on the territorial fog access point will be affected greatly by the complicated territorial environment.This causes F-RAN not able to provide fog access service in a timely and effectively manner.To this problem, the research was proposed to utilize low altitude UAV as the fog access point to realize air ground edge communication and fog computing, which has attracted enormous research interests.How to use deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to improve the energy efficiency of UAV fog access point and extend the mission time of UAV were discussed.Deep reinforcement learning can ensure the UAV fog access point to adjust the configuration strategy timely of air ground communication and computing, including resource optimization, dynamic task offloading and caching.DRL can also optimize the UAV trajectory in 3-D space, and improve the overall performance of UAV enabled fog access network.The innovation of the research lies in the comprehensive discussion of the main optimization problems to be solved in the UAV-enabled F-RAN using DRL.The technical details were also summarized to solve the related optimization problems.Finally, the technical challenges and future research directions of the application of DRL in the UAV-enabled F-RAN were discussed.

Wei Lu, Xiaosheng Qin

Urban areas are becoming increasingly vulnerable to extreme storms and flash floods, which could be more damaging under climate change. This study presented an integrated framework for assessing climate change impact on extreme rainfall and urban drainage systems by incorporating a number of statistical and modelling techniques. Starting from synthetic future climate data generated by the stochastic weather generator, the simple scaling method and the Huff rainfall design were adopted for rainfall disaggregation and rainfall design. After having obtained 3-min level designed rainfall information, the urban hydrological model (i.e., Storm Water Management Model) was used to carry out the runoff analysis. A case study in a tropical city was used to demonstrate the proposed framework. Particularly, the impact of selecting different general circulation models and Huff distributions on future 1-h extreme rainfall and the performance of the urban drainage system were investigated. It was revealed that the proposed framework is flexible and easy to implement in generating temporally high-resolution rainfall data under climate model projections and offers a parsimonious way of assessing urban flood risks considering the uncertainty arising from climate change model projections, downscaling and rainfall design.

Kevin Achberger, Christopher Probst, Jasmin Haderspeck et al.

The devastating effects and incurable nature of hereditary and sporadic retinal diseases such as Stargardt disease, age-related macular degeneration or retinitis pigmentosa urgently require the development of new therapeutic strategies. Additionally, a high prevalence of retinal toxicities is becoming more and more an issue of novel targeted therapeutic agents. Ophthalmologic drug development, to date, largely relies on animal models, which often do not provide results that are translatable to human patients. Hence, the establishment of sophisticated human tissue-based in vitro models is of upmost importance. The discovery of self-forming retinal organoids (ROs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a promising approach to model the complex stratified retinal tissue. Yet, ROs lack vascularization and cannot recapitulate the important physiological interactions of matured photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In this study, we present the retina-on-a-chip (RoC), a novel microphysiological model of the human retina integrating more than seven different essential retinal cell types derived from hiPSCs. It provides vasculature-like perfusion and enables, for the first time, the recapitulation of the interaction of mature photoreceptor segments with RPE in vitro. We show that this interaction enhances the formation of outer segment-like structures and the establishment of in vivo-like physiological processes such as outer segment phagocytosis and calcium dynamics. In addition, we demonstrate the applicability of the RoC for drug testing, by reproducing the retinopathic side-effects of the anti-malaria drug chloroquine and the antibiotic gentamicin. The developed hiPSC-based RoC has the potential to promote drug development and provide new insights into the underlying pathology of retinal diseases.

Vasin-Bojić Sanja

Emerging engineering challenges in wind power electricity generation bond with stringent industrial requirements, have tendency to outline development and design process in the ready set go manner. From given predisposition one of the consequences may be highlighting of certain research area or even worse - deflection from the basic functional requirements in wind turbine drive train design. The paper presents a proposal of novel drive train technology - gear transmission unit with continual variation of transmission ratio which can provide direct synchronization to public electric grid, efficient energy conversion and wider operating range of wind turbine rotor. Beside mechanical, electronic and software system design, novel wind turbine configuration is also presented.

Jakub Morávek

This paper is focused on the legal regulation of the employee monitoring and the control of employees in the legal order of the Czech Republic. In a commentary form, the paper deals with the Section 316 (1) to (3) of the Act No. 262/2006 Coll. Labour Code. This provision states: Without the employer’s consent, employees may not use the means of production and working means of the employer including computer technology and the employer’s telecommunication equipment for their personal needs. The employer shall be authorised to control the compliance with the prohibition stipulated in the first sentence in an appropriate way. The employer may not, without serious reasons consisting in a special character of the employer’s activities, infringe on privacy of an employee at the employer’s workplaces and common premises by subjecting the employee to open or secret monitoring, tapping and recording his/her telephone calls or controlling the emails or letters addressed to the employee. If there is a serious reason with respect to the employer consisting in a special nature of the employer’s activities which justifies introduction of control mechanisms mentioned above, the employer shall be obliged to inform directly the employee on the scope and the manner of performance of the control.

Editor ABE

Índice

Hafidz Falista M

A syringe pump is a tool for inserting high-dose drug fluids given to patients. The accuracy and accuracy of the amount of fluid given to this device are quite high. The need for this tool in hospitals is very large, but in terms of the economy, the price of the equipment is still very expensive so it is not affordable for small hospitals. The purpose of making a syringe pump is to be able to meet the needs of the syringe pump in small hospitals so that it can save on budget expenses. Therefore a syringe pump is designed, designed using the Arduino Nano as a control system, display flow speed with 16x2 LCD, stepper motor as a syringe booster according to the regulated flow speed, and buzzer as an alarm when a blockage occurs and the syringe placement is incorrect. Flowrate parameters at a speed of 10 ml / hour, 20 ml / hour, 30 ml / hour, 40 ml / hour and 50 ml / hour. Keywords: Syringe Pump, flowrate, stepper motor, Arduino Nano

Norbert Hüsers, Jochen Großmann, Holger Weiß et al.

Jaroslav Janacek, Michal Sibila

This paper deals with two different computer-supported approaches to an evacuation plan design, which should assign the available vehicles to endangered dwelling places so that the total time of evacuation is minimal. It is assumed that some safe place is pre-assigned to each endangered dwelling place and there are determined locations of homogenous fleets of available vehicles, which can be used for transport of the endangered population from their dwelling places to the pre-assigned places. In this paper, we suggest and compare two approaches to the evacuation plan design. The first approach assigns all vehicles of a fleet to one evacuated dwelling place and the second one enables to assign individually any part of a fleet to the dwelling places.

J. Brzobohaty, J. Pospisil

The general matrix form of the implicit description of a piecewise-linear (PWL) network and the symbolic block diagram of the corresponding circuit model are proposed. Their decomposed forms enable us to determine quite separately the existence of the individual breakpoints of the resultant PWL characteristic and their coordinates using independent network parameters. For the two-diode and three-diode cases all the attainable types of the PWL characteristic are introduced.

Vandamme Peter, Coenye Tom

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Ralstonia solanacearum </it>is an important plant pathogen. The genome of <it>R. solananearum </it>GMI1000 is organised into two replicons (a 3.7-Mb chromosome and a 2.1-Mb megaplasmid) and this bipartite genome structure is characteristic for most <it>R. solanacearum </it>strains. To determine whether the megaplasmid was acquired via recent horizontal gene transfer or is part of an ancestral single chromosome, we compared the abundance, distribution and compositon of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) between both replicons and also compared the respective compositional biases.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our data show that both replicons are very similar in respect to distribution and composition of SSRs and presence of compositional biases. Minor variations in SSR and compositional biases observed may be attributable to minor differences in gene expression and regulation of gene expression or can be attributed to the small sample numbers observed.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The observed similarities indicate that both replicons have shared a similar evolutionary history and thus suggest that the megaplasmid was not recently acquired from other organisms by lateral gene transfer but is a part of an ancestral <it>R. solanacearum </it>chromosome.</p>

Inés Fernandez, Anabel N Pallaro, Nora H Slobodianik

En este trabajo se estudia el efecto que diferentes dietas de recuperación enriquecidas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 (AGPI n-3) producen sobre el timo y el perfil lipídico sérico. Ratas Wistar con desnutrición proteica severa al destete (grupo D) fueron divididas en tres grupos que recibieron durante 10 días dieta a base de caseína al 20% suplementada con EPA+DHA (grupo Cas), dieta al 20% de proteína preparada usando una leche en polvo parcialmente descremada enriquecida en ácidos linoleico y linolénico (grupo L) y dieta a base de caseína al 20% (grupo control C). Cas y L aportan cada una 24 mg/día de AGPI n-3 siendo la relación n-6/n-3 de 8.1/1 y 7.6/1, respectivamente. Se extrajo y pesó el timo, determinándose el recuento de timocitos; se extrajo sangre midiéndose en suero: colesterol, triglicéridos, HDL y LDL-colesterol y los ácidos: mirístico, palmítico, esteárico, oleico, linoleico, linolénico, araquidónico, EPA y DHA. La información se analizó aplicando test de Anova. El recuento de timocitos de Cas (44.48±8.20) y L (56.45±14.72) fue superior (p<0.01) al de los grupos D (1.80±0.70) y C (23.70±4.04). L presentó concentraciones séricas de colesterol, HDL y LDLcolesterol menores (p<0.01) y triglicéridos mayores (p<0.05) que Cas, siendo EPA (p<0.05) y DHA (p<0.01) superiores en Cas. A igual aporte de AGPI n-3, ambas dietas lograron revertir la atrofia tímica presentando un efecto hipolipemiante diferente condicionado a las fuentes de AGPI n-3 utilizadas