El presente artículo busca explorar algunos de los principales hitos del Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR), con especial énfasis en el período de fundación y construcción partidaria (1965-1969). Se revisarán los contextos tanto nacionales como internacionales, algunas trayectorias orgánicas y personales que explican el nacimiento y primer desarrollo del MIR, las influencias ideológicas, así como también los cambios organizacionales y generacionales dentro del partido. El objetivo es también presentar las renovaciones historiográficas que han explicado el MIR como un punto de llegada, más que como un punto de partida de la “nueva izquierda” chilena. Finalmente, se presentarán algunos trabajos que han renovado su historia, particularmente dentro del contexto de la Unidad Popular (UP).
1789-, Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las reacciones, las representaciones y los símbolos que circularon en el movimiento obrero producto de la muerte de Luis Emilio Recabarren en 1924. A través de la revisión y análisis de la prensa obrera, profundiza en las reacciones de anarquistas y comunistas, examinando las representaciones y las acciones conmemorativas que los segundos desplegaron en el espacio público con la finalidad de situar a Recabarren como un patrimonio del movimiento obrero. A modo de hipótesis, plantea que el PCCh desplegó una estrategia para utilizar la imagen del líder comunista con el fin de recubrir de legitimidad una forma particular de hacer política y de organizar a la clase obrera.
1789-, Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
Resumen de Wolfgang Fritz Haug, Frigga Haug, Peter Jehle, Wolfgang Küttler (eds.) Edición en español Ferrari, Mariela, Strazzeri, Víctor y Vedda, Miguel (eds.), Diccionario histórico-crítico del marxismo. Teoría crítica y cambio social, CABA, Las Cuarenta, 2023, 812 pgs.
1789-, Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
With the rise of foundation models, there is growing concern about their potential social impacts. Social science has a long history of studying the social impacts of transformative technologies in terms of pre-existing systems of power and how these systems are disrupted or reinforced by new technologies. In this position paper, we build on prior work studying the social impacts of earlier technologies to propose a conceptual framework studying foundation models as sociotechnical systems, incorporating social science expertise to better understand how these models affect systems of power, anticipate the impacts of deploying these models in various applications, and study the effectiveness of technical interventions intended to mitigate social harms. We advocate for an interdisciplinary and collaborative research paradigm between AI and social science across all stages of foundation model research and development to promote socially responsible research practices and use cases, and outline several strategies to facilitate such research.
Abolishing alienated labour requires the radical democratization of economic production. Complex systems theory offers tools for theorizing how this radical democracy could be constructed. In complex systems theory, the same structures and transformations appear across multiple domains in the physical and life sciences. Evolution is one such concept. Rather than being linear and gradual, evolution is a nonlinear process in which stable equilibria are punctuated by bursts of catastrophic change. Even catastrophic change, however, happens through an incremental process: the production of new forms through new combinations of existing forms. Each evolutionary permutation of a system is a step into its space of adjacent possibilities. The task of revolutionary theory can be conceptualized as that of plotting a course through capitalism’s adjacent possibility space, bringing the system to a benign catastrophe that triggers a phase transition into socialism. The complexity of this mapping requires a distributed processing approach to theorizing that prefigures the distributed processing, or socialist general intellect, that must characterize any radically democratic worker control of production. This project suggest the expansion of a new role for professional intellectuals: that of tool makers, developing conceptual materials that feed a recursive process of the construction of socialist networks.
Abstract Early socialism from the second half of 19th century Romania is experiencing a systematic comeback among historians and social scientists. The works of Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, the founding father of Romanian Marxism, occupy a central place in this newfound attention towards the origins and struggles of socialism in Romania. This paper addresses Gherea’s interpretation of anarchism on par with his doctrine of ‘legal socialism’. Its purpose is to prove how anarchism acts as a more than tactical catalyzer for legal socialism, placing the latter not necessarily on a new ideological perspective, but further on the terrain of Romanian political status-quo of late 19th and early 20th century Romania. Although more principled than tactical, Gherea’s repudiation of anarchism in progressively unsubstantial Marxist terms has also led to tactical shortcomings. This was the case of the first Romanian socialist party, which was dissolved and absorbed after only six years of existence within the ascending liberal party.
Neil G. MacLaren, Lingqi Meng, Melissa Collier
et al.
The social brain hypothesis states that the relative size of the neocortex is larger for species with higher social complexity as a result of evolution. Various lines of empirical evidence have supported the social brain hypothesis, including evidence from the structure of social networks. Social complexity may itself positively impact cooperation among individuals, which occurs across different animal taxa and is a key behavior for successful group living. Theoretical research has shown that particular structures of social networks foster cooperation more easily than others. Therefore, we hypothesized that species with a relatively large neocortex tend to form social networks that better enable cooperation. In the present study, we combine data on brain and body mass, data on social networks, and theory on the evolution of cooperation on networks to test this hypothesis in primates. We have found a positive effect of brain size on cooperation in social networks even after controlling for the effect of other structural properties of networks that are known to promote cooperation.
In social situations, individuals often encounter communication challenges, particularly when adapting to new environments. While some studies have acknowledged the potential of AR social games to aid in effective socialization to some extent, little attention has been given to AR HMD-based games specifically designed to facilitate social interactions. In response, we propose AR.S.Space, an AR HMD-based social game that employs augmented reality features to engage users with virtual social agents through asynchronous communication. The game aims to mitigate the unease associated with initial social interactions and foster long-term connections. To assess its efficacy, a user study was conducted within a specific scenario (an office space), gathering quantitative data and qualitative feedback through questionnaires and interviews. The findings highlight the game's potential to enhance socialization in small-scale environments. Moreover, the study offers valuable design guidelines for future research and the application of AR social games in similar settings.
We study the error-correction problem of the communication between two vertices in a social network. By applying the concepts of coding theory into the Social Network Analysis (SNA), we develop the code social network model, which can offer an efficient way to ensure the correctness of the message transmission within the social netwoks. The result of this study could apply in vary of social science studies.
Aditya Surve, Archit Rathod, Mokshit Surana
et al.
Multiagent social network simulations are an avenue that can bridge the communication gap between the public and private platforms in order to develop solutions to a complex array of issues relating to online safety. While there are significant challenges relating to the scale of multiagent simulations, efficient learning from observational and interventional data to accurately model micro and macro-level emergent effects, there are equally promising opportunities not least with the advent of large language models that provide an expressive approximation of user behavior. In this position paper, we review prior art relating to social network simulation, highlighting challenges and opportunities for future work exploring multiagent security using agent-based models of social networks
Chenghao Yang, Tuhin Chakrabarty, Karli R Hochstatter
et al.
In the last decade, the United States has lost more than 500,000 people from an overdose involving prescription and illicit opioids making it a national public health emergency (USDHHS, 2017). Medical practitioners require robust and timely tools that can effectively identify at-risk patients. Community-based social media platforms such as Reddit allow self-disclosure for users to discuss otherwise sensitive drug-related behaviors. We present a moderate size corpus of 2500 opioid-related posts from various subreddits labeled with six different phases of opioid use: Medical Use, Misuse, Addiction, Recovery, Relapse, Not Using. For every post, we annotate span-level extractive explanations and crucially study their role both in annotation quality and model development. We evaluate several state-of-the-art models in a supervised, few-shot, or zero-shot setting. Experimental results and error analysis show that identifying the phases of opioid use disorder is highly contextual and challenging. However, we find that using explanations during modeling leads to a significant boost in classification accuracy demonstrating their beneficial role in a high-stakes domain such as studying the opioid use disorder continuum.
A partir del análisis de los periódicos La Protesta y La Antorcha examinaremos cómo fue abordada la cuestión indígena por el movimiento anarquista en la región del Norte Grande Argentino (NGA). El artículo comienza en 1911, luego de la represión del Centenario de la Revolución de Mayo y cuando el coronel Enrique Rostagno llevó adelante la segunda campaña militar al Gran Chaco, con el objetivo de incluir como fuerza de trabajo a las comunidades originarias en los obrajes madereros, yerbales e ingenios de azúcar. El punto de llegada recae en 1924, momento en el cual el Estado desplegó una represión en la reducción Napalpí, lo que marcó el final de una dinámica de desplazamiento forzado que habían fomentado los ingenios y obrajes desde finales del siglo XIX.
1789-, Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
In many social mammals, early life social adversity and social integration largely predict individual health, lifespan and reproductive success. Efforts in identifying the physiological mechanisms mediating the relationship between the social environment and individual fitness have so far concentrated on socially-induced stress, mediated by alterations in neuroendocrine signaling and immune function. Here, we propose a much-needed alternative mechanism relying on microbially-mediated effects: social relationships with conspecifics, both in early life and adulthood, might strongly contribute both to the transmission of beneficial microbes and to diversifying host microbiomes. In turn, more valuable and diverse microbiomes would promote pathogen resistance and optimal health and thus translate into positive fitness outcomes. This mechanism relies on two emerging findings from empirical studies, namely that microbiomes (i) are largely socially transmitted via vertical and horizontal routes, and (ii) play a pervasive role in host development, physiology, metabolism, and susceptibility to pathogens. We suggest that the social transmission of microbiomes has the potential to explain the sociality-fitness nexus, to a similar - or even higher - extent than chronic social stress, in ways that have yet to be studied empirically in social mammals.
Social fragmentation transition is a transition of social states between many disconnected communities with distinct opinions and a well-connected single network with homogeneous opinions. This is a timely research topic with high relevance to various current societal issues. We had previously studied this problem using numerical simulations of adaptive social network models and found that two individual behavioral traits, homophily and attention to novelty, had the most statistically significant impact on the outcomes of social network evolution. However, our previous study was limited in terms of the range of parameter values examined, and possible interactions between multiple behavioral traits were largely ignored. In this study, we conducted a substantially larger-scale parameter sweep numerical experiment of the same model with expanded parameter ranges by an order of magnitude in each parameter dimension, resulting in a total of 116,640 simulation runs. To capture nontrivial interactions among behavioral parameters, we modeled and visualized the dependence of outcome measures on the model parameters using artificial neural networks. Results show that, while the competition between homophily and attention to novelty is still the primary determinant of social fragmentation, another transition plane emerges when individuals have strong social conformity behavior, which was not previously known. This implies that social fragmentation transition can also occur in the homophily-social conformity trade-off, the two behavioral traits that have very similar microscopic individual-level effects but produce very different macroscopic collective-level outcomes, illustrating the nontrivial macroscopic dynamics of complex collective systems.
Norges socialdemokratiske arbeiderparti (NSA) ble stiftet i januar 1921 av utbrytere fra Det norske arbeiderparti og sluttet seg i januar 1927 igjen sammen med Arbeiderpartiet. Kjernen i partiet var Arbeiderpartiets gamle ledelse som ble kastet av den såkalte «nye retning» på landsmøtet i 1918. Det nye flertallet forfektet revolusjonær masseaksjon, arbeiderråd og arbeiderklassens diktatur. Den gamle ledelsen holdt fast på en parlamentarisk vei til det sosialistiske samfunnet. NSA er blitt karakterisert som en høyrefløy i arbeiderbevegelsen, men de fleste av medlemmene som bare var interessert i praktiske reformer forble i Arbeiderpartiet. NSA ble aldri noen politisk suksess og er stort sett blitt ignorert av historikere som først og fremst har interessert seg for de radikale strømningene i norsk arbeiderbevegelse. Partiet kan likevel ha hatt en betydning for å holde tradisjonelle sosialistiske idealer levende og dermed bidratt til at Arbeiderpartiet kanskje ble noe mer idealistisk enn sine skandinaviske søsterpartier på 1930-tallet. Artikkelen diskuterer selve splittelsen og NSAs sosialdemokratiske tenkemåte samt partiets oppslutning over hele landet.
Socialism. Communism. Anarchism, Economic history and conditions
We conducted semi-structured interviews with members of the LGBTQ community about their privacy practices and concerns on social networking sites. Participants used different social media sites for different needs and adapted to not being completely out on each site. We would value the opportunity to discuss the unique privacy and security needs of this population with workshop participants and learn more about the privacy needs of other marginalized user groups from researchers who have worked in those communities.