Hasil untuk "Otorhinolaryngology"

Amanda Sampaio Almeida, José Ricardo Gurgel Testa

Geetha Rani B G, Soumya Vedavyasa, Shri Hari B G et al.

Abstract Thyroid diseases are different from many other diseases in the relative visibility a small swelling of the thyroid offers to the treating surgeon and the availability of medical and surgical treatments. Thyroidectomy remains the cornerstone of management in many thyroid swellings, yet ridden with many complications like nerve palsies and hypoparathyoidism. Hence, proficient knowledge is required in preserving the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the parathyroid glands in their vulnerable surgical site. An almost certain way to ensure integrity of these structures during surgery is to be aware of anatomical landmarks guiding towards their identification one of which is zuckerkandl tubercle, a less often described structure, arising from posterior margin of thyroid gland. Methodology We examined 42 thyroid gland specimen from embalmed cadavers available for study & research purpose in the department of anatomy of our medical college. The incidence, size, shape, laterality of the zuckerkandl tubercle & its relation with recurrent laryngeal nerve as well as parathyroid gland were evaluated and analysed. Results Thirty out of the 42 thyroid specimen showed presence of Zuckerkandl tubercle as a irregular lateral projection from the posterior border of thyroid gland. Among them, 17 were on right side while 9 were on left side & 4 of them bilaterally present in the specimens. 12/42(28.5%) of specimen showed superior parathyroid gland close to the location of Zuckerkandl tubercle. 29/31 of the specimen showed ZT pointing at the RLN. Conclusion The zuckerkandl tubercle is an anatomical structure whose presence is important for locating recurrent laryngeal nerve & parathyroid glands and preventing injury during thyroidectomy. Knowledge of its variations gained from our study will help in the prevention of inadvertent nerve injuries during thyroidectomy.

Mona Mohamed Hamdy, Noha Ali Hosny, Reham Gamal Farag et al.

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on many aspects of human health. There has been a major influence on cognitive capacities, including memory, attention, and cognitive skills for planning, organizing, and solving problems. Furthermore, it appears that the effects of COVID-19 may also impact the auditory system. Objective To determine the effect of SARS-CoV-2 virus on both hearing and cognitive. Patients and methods Eighty participants, ranging in age from 20 to 59, will be evaluated for their auditory and cognitive abilities using the following methods: ABR using a click stimulus presented at 90 dBnHL at a rate of 21.1 c/s, followed by a rate of 71.1 c/s; cortical auditory evoked potential (P300) using a tone burst stimulus (50 ms) that will produce an oddball paradigm; measurements of the waveforms’ amplitude and latency will be made. Results ABR recording for both ears showed significant difference between cases and controls as regarding absolute latencies of wave I, III, V, wave V (high rate), amplitude (low and high rates), amplitude ratio, and interaural latency differences (III, I-III, I-V), while P300 outcomes showed a statistically significant difference between cases and controls regarding P300 latency (p <  0.05), while for amplitude, a highly significant difference was found. Conclusion COVID-19 can harm both the inner ear and the auditory pathway, and it has long-lasting effects on the auditory system and on cognitive processing and attention.

Ahmed Mahmoud M.M. Elgarhy, Saeed Mostafa Abdelhameed, Othman Saadeldien Yahia et al.

Introduction Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a fairly common side effect of general anesthesia. The K-Y jelly is a well-known lubricant used in many medical procedures.

Nainsi Gupta , Adil Raza , Rubina Galib et al.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by mucous membrane inflammation that lines the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity for at least twelve consecutive weeks. Microbes play a major role in pathogenesis. The treatment objectives are to reduce mucosal edema, restore paranasal sinus ventilation, and eliminate infectious pathogens. Aims and Objectives: (1) To study the presenting clinical features of chronic sinusitis. (2) To study the changes in microbiological flora. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 202 patients in the Department of ENT and Microbiology (JNMCH) from December 2020 to 2022. Patients above the age of 10 years were evaluated in this study. Those who received antibiotics in the last week of the presentation and those resistant to medical therapy were excluded. Patients were subjected to a detailed history, the clinical examination, and a radiological examination. Under all aseptic precautions and after the patient’s informed consent, the sample was taken from the middle meatus area for culture and sensitivity. Results: The study had a male predominance (71.28%), with the maximum number of patients in the age group 21–30 years (38.11%). The most common clinical features were nasal obstruction (96.03%) and mucopurulent discharge (100%). The most common isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (45.13%). Conclusion: Bacterial infection is a major etiological factor in CRS. Screening for S. aureus carriers may be an alternative to decrease the infection of S.aureus. There is a statistically significant increasing trend for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (19.46%) and fungal sinusitis (13.36%).

Bang‐Yan Zhang, Yu‐Chien Wang, Kai‐Chieh Chan

Abstract Objective Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is one of the few emergent otologic conditions. Although more than half of all patients would benefit from timely treatment, recurrence occasionally develops unexpectedly. The aim of our study is to evaluate the recurrence rate after SSNHL, and present the prognosis after first‐episode and recurrent SSNHL. Methods A literature search was conducted of the PubMed and Embase electronic databases. Results Seven studies with a total of 3781 patients were included, and 96 patients experienced recurrence. The recurrence rate ranged between 1.4% and 17%. The average time to recurrence was about 2 years in most studies. The majority of the studies reported using systemic steroids for treating first‐episode SSNHL, and one study used a plasma expander in patients with recurrent SSNHL. The recovery rate for first‐episode patients was 58%–79%, while that for recurrent SSNHL ranged widely, from 21% to 86%. There were no common risk factors for SSNHL recurrence among the studies, although low‐frequency hearing loss, the presence of tinnitus during follow‐up, and an increased neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio have been proposed. Conclusion Understanding the recurrence rate, risk factors, and prognosis after recurrence of SSHNL is crucial for comprehensive medical care; in this respect, further prospective studies with long‐term follow‐up may be instructive. Level of Evidence 4

Peter L. Miller BS, MS, Erika Walsh MD, Do-Yeon Cho MD et al.

Introduction Inverted papillomas of the middle ear are extremely rare tumors that carry an increased risk of recurrence and malignant transformation. There are currently 59 cases of middle ear inverted papillomas reported in the literature. The objective in this study was to systematically evaluate outcomes regarding middle ear inverted papillomas with respect to demographics, anatomical tumor sites, malignant transformation status, recurrence rate and HPV status. Study Design Retrospective case series and systematic review. Methods A systematic review was completed on June 25, 2020 with a search strategy including PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar. This revealed 181 articles. Full-text review was completed, and 66 articles were included. 115 articles were eliminated due to duplication of articles from databases, article titles not applicable to the aims of the systematic review and articles describing inverted papilloma of body sites other than middle ear. Discussion Thirty-one cases of primary inverted papillomas of the middle ear were found in the literature with an additional 26 cases of secondary tumors. Four case reports did not specify primary versus secondary. The malignant transformation rate was 34.4% with a 53.6% recurrence rate. Treatment of middle ear inverted papillomas is primarily surgical with adjuvant radiation therapy considered for patients with recurrence or malignant transformation. Frequent clinical follow up of these patients is critical due to the increased rate of recurrence and malignant transformation. Conclusion Inverted papillomas of the middle ear are rare tumors that carry a high risk of recurrence and malignant transformation necessitating complete resection and frequent clinical follow up.

Sung-Woo Cho, Seung Koo Yang

Copyright © 2021 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 14, No. 3: 247-248, August 2021 https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2021.01074

Suha Lim, H. Shin

Copyright © 2021 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 14, No. 4: 365-366, November 2021 https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2021.02054

E. Ahn, H. Min

Copyright © 2021 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology 2021 January 8 [Epub ahead of print] https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2020.02215

Madeleine P. Strohl, Chia‐Fan Chang, William R. Ryan et al.

Abstract Objective To evaluate salivary gland chemodenervation with botulinum toxin in chronic parotid sialadenitis. Methods Patients who underwent parotid gland chemodenervation for chronic sialadenitis due to duct stenosis refractory to siaendoscopy were reviewed (case series). Additionally, a systematic review of the literature on botulinum toxin injection for chronic parotid sialadenitis was performed. Inclusion criteria included studies containing original data on botulinum toxin injections in patients with chronic sialadenitis symptoms. Results Sialadenitis symptoms from 10 patients with 13 affected parotid glands were examined. All had duct stenosis diagnosed on sialendoscopy, refractory sialadenitis symptoms, and received parotid onabotulinum toxin injection(s) (median dose 65U). Of patients with 3‐month follow‐up, 78% reported significant improvement in symptoms. Mean Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis Symptoms (COSS) Score improved at 3 months post‐injection (47‐25.9, P = .039) with significant reduction in gland pain frequency and gland swelling severity. No patients had a facial nerve paralysis or increased xerostomia. With the systematic review, 518 abstracts were reviewed and 11 studies met inclusion criteria and included case series or case reports with a total of 40 patients treated with botulinum toxin for chronic parotitis. Thirty‐four out of a total of 35 patients in the studies (97%) reported complete (9, 26%) or partial (25, 71%) improvement in sialadenitis symptoms with minimal complications. Conclusion Parotid gland chemodenervation with botulinum toxin is a minimally invasive treatment option for symptomatic chronic sialadenitis refractory to medical treatment or sialendoscopy. Botulinum toxin injections alleviate gland pain and swelling associated with salivary obstruction and provide an alternative to parotidectomy for recurrent sialadenitis. Level of evidence: 4.

Vicente José Herreras Huamán, Susan Leonor Yauyo López

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las alteraciones de la voz y de la deglución en pacientes con deficiencias neurológicas secundarias a hemorragia subaracnoidea por ruptura de aneurisma cerebral. El estudio es descriptivo de corte transversal; realizado en 30 pacientes del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen de Perú, quienes cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. Las cualidades de la voz y deglución fueron evaluadas mediante la Evaluación Clínica de la Voz y de la Deglución en pacientes con Accidente Cerebrovascular hemorrágico que emplea el sonómetro, auscultación laríngea y pulsioxímetro. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: según las cualidades de la voz: timbre un 63,3% opaco, tono el 86,7% tono grave, intensidad una intensidad disminuida con un 90%; la duración un 86,7% corta. En Características de la deglución de la fase oral en texturas alimenticias el 83,3% deficiente, número de masticaciones un 76,7% deficiente, en tiempo/duración de la masticación 86,7% deficiente y restos alimenticios el 90% presente. Características de la deglución en la fase faríngea según número de degluciones un 46,7% inadecuado, según tos y carraspeo 36,7 % lo presentan y el 73,3% presencia de apnea. Grado de disfonía un 70% de Grado II. Grado de disfagia un 60% de presenta grado grave. Por lo que se concluye que existen alteraciones de la voz con predominancia del timbre opaco, tono grave, intensidad disminuida y duración de tipo corta, alteraciones de la deglución en la fase oral y presencia de un alto porcentaje de disfagia de grado severa y disfonía de grado II.

M. Seo, J. Yoo, Sun Jin Hwang et al.

Copyright © 2021 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology 2020 October 15 [Epub ahead of print] https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2020.01984

D. Oh, B. Choi

Copyright © 2020 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 13, No. 4: 315-317, November 2020 https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2020.01606

D. Yoon, Hyun-Woo Shin

Copyright © 2020 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 13, No. 4: 318-319, November 2020 https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2020.01599

Sung-Dong Cho, J. Jang, Hantai Kim et al.

Copyright © 2021 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 14, No. 2: 235-239, May 2021 https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2020.00850

F. Hojaij, L. Chinelatto, G. Boog et al.

Abstract Introduction Head and neck specialists and otorhinolaryngologists are greatly exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in their everyday praxis. Many articles are being published regarding medical staff protection and patient management during the pandemic. Objective To provide an easy access to and a trustful review of the main aspects that have changed in the head and neck surgery and otorhinolaryngology practice due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data Synthesis The search terms used were: (head and neck or otorhinolaryngology or ORL or thyroid) AND (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-COV-2] or COVID-19 or CORONAVIRUS). The results were limited to the year of 2020. Articles were read in English, Portuguese, French, German, and Spanish or translated from Chinese. All included articles were read by at least two authors. Thirty-five articles were included. Most articles suggest postponing elective surgeries, with exception to cancer surgeries, which should be evaluated separately. Twenty-five articles recommended some kind of screening prior to surgery, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and epidemiological data. Extra precautions, such as use of personal protective equipment (PPE), are suggested for both tracheostomies and endoscopies. Fifteen articles give recommendation on how to use telemedicine. Conclusion The use of PPE (N95 or powered air-purifying respirator [PAPR]) during procedures should be mandatory. Patients should be evaluated about their COVID-19 status before hospital admission. Cancer should be treated. Tracheostomy tube cuff should be inflated inside the tracheal incision. All COVID-19 precautions should be kept until there is a validated antiviral treatment or an available vaccine.

M. Abdel‐Aziz, R. de Vries, A. Lammers et al.

1Molecular Tumor Biology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany 2Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany 3Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany 4Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, HELIOS Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany

S. Zielen, P. Kuna, W. Aberer et al.

Background: Pollinex Quattro Grass (PQ Grass) is an effective, well-tolerated, short pre-seasonal subcutaneous immunotherapy to treat seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR) due to grass pollen. In this Phase II study, 4 cumulative doses of PQ Grass and placebo were evaluated to determine its optimal cumulative dose. Methods: Patients with grass pollen-induced SAR were randomised to either a cumulative dose of PQ Grass (5100, 14400, 27600 and 35600 SU) or placebo, administered as 6 weekly subcutaneous injections over 31–41 days (EudraCT number 2017-000333-31). Standardized conjunctival provocation tests (CPT) using grass pollen allergen extract were performed at screening, baseline and post-treatment to determine the total symptom score (TSS) assessed approximately 4 weeks after dosing. Three models were pre-defined (Emax, logistic, and linear in log-dose model) to evaluate a dose response relationship. Results: In total, 95.5% of the 447 randomized patients received all 6 injections. A highly statistically significant (p < 0.0001), monotonic dose response was observed for all three pre-specified models. All treatment groups showed a statistically significant decrease from baseline in TSS compared to placebo, with the largest decrease observed after 27600 SU (p < 0.0001). The full course of 6 injections was completed by 95.5% of patients. Treatment-emergent adverse events were similar across PQ Grass groups, and mostly mild and transient in nature. Conclusions: PQ Grass demonstrated a strong curvilinear dose response in TSS following CPT without compromising its safety profile. Keywords: Allergen immunotherapy, Allergoid, Cumulative dose, Curvilinear dose response, Grass pollen

Johannes J. Fagan MBChB, FCS (ORL), MMed

Accessing educational and scientific material is key to improving otolaryngology care in developing countries. Yet current financial models of publishers restrict access to academic information. This article describes the author’s experience with self-publishing 2 open access textbooks, Open Access Atlas of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Operative Surgery and Open Access Guide to Audiology and Hearing Aids for Otolaryngologists , as well as the African Head and Neck Society (AfHNS) Clinical Practice Guidelines for Head and Neck Cancer in Developing Countries and Limited Resource Settings . The author outlines the simplicity, advantages, and popularity of this form of publication and why societies and individuals should embrace open access publishing to benefit especially those studying and practicing in developing countries. He discusses some of the challenges related to open access publishing and calls for medical societies to become involved in evaluating the quality of open access texts and videos for their members.