Hasil untuk "Museums. Collectors and collecting"

Timo K. Koch, Florian Bemmann, Ramona Schoedel et al.

Collecting everyday speech data for prosodic analysis is challenging due to the confounding of prosody and semantics, privacy constraints, and participant compliance. We introduce and empirically evaluate a content-controlled, privacy-first smartphone protocol that uses scripted read-aloud sentences to standardize lexical content (including prompt valence) while capturing natural variation in prosodic delivery. The protocol performs on-device prosodic feature extraction, deletes raw audio immediately, and transmits only derived features for analysis. We deployed the protocol in a large study (N = 560; 9,877 recordings), evaluated compliance and data quality, and conducted diagnostic prediction tasks on the extracted features, predicting speaker sex and concurrently reported momentary affective states (valence, arousal). We discuss implications and directions for advancing and deploying the protocol.

Ornella De Nigris

This study examines how Chinese state museums have functioned as tools of cultural diplomacy and soft power, contributing to the construction and dissemination of an official narrative of national culture. Based on fieldwork and documentary analysis conducted between 2017 and 2019, prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, the research focuses on exhibitions held at the National Art Museum of China (NAMOC) in Beijing and the Power Station of Art (PSA) in Shanghai. It explores how the state promotes a form of “Chineseness” that strategically blends tradition and modernity within a double framework of “aesthetic of power” and “ideologically framed pluralism”. The analysis also extends to exhibitions organised by official institutions abroad, focussing specifically on two editions of the Chinese Pavilion at the Venice Biennale, considered an emblematic example of the dialogue between exhibition strategies and China’s geopolitical positioning. Methodologically, this study employs qualitative research based on direct observations in museums and exhibitions, and analysis of museum-related documents such as curatorial statements, official press release, exhibition booklets, installation plans, and museums official websites. The findings reveal that while Chinese state museums and overseas exhibitions operate as vehicles of national cultural identity and international legitimacy, they also perform a culturally managed pluralism aligned with state narratives, exposing the tensions between ideological control, institutional modernisation, and the global circulation of contemporary Chinese art. This phenomenon, while analysed through Chinese case, is part of a broader global trend in which museums and exhibitions are increasingly mobilised as instruments of cultural diplomacy and national representation.

Hanxiu 'Hazel' Zhu, Avanthika Senthil Kumar, Sihang Zhao et al.

Video-sharing platforms (VSPs) have become increasingly important for individuals with ADHD to recognize symptoms, acquire knowledge, and receive support. While videos offer rich information and high engagement, they also present unique challenges, such as information quality and accessibility issues to users with ADHD. However, little work has thoroughly examined the video content quality and accessibility issues, the impact, and the control strategies in the ADHD community. We fill this gap by systematically collecting 373 ADHD-relevant videos with comments from YouTube and TikTok and analyzing the data with a mixed method. Our study identified the characteristics of ADHD-relevant videos on VSPs (e.g., creator types, video presentation forms, quality issues) and revealed the collective efforts of creators and viewers in video quality control, such as authority building, collective quality checking, and accessibility improvement. We further derive actionable design implications for VSPs to offer more reliable and ADHD-friendly contents.

Mônica Barcelos, Mariana Soares

Since 2015, the Ibermuseums Programme has been encouraging the adoption of sustainable practices in museums, reinforcing the role of these institutions in building a more responsible and sustainable future. The Self-Assessment Guide on Sustainability (2023) is a tool developed under this Programme that represents an important step towards strengthening sustainable practices in Ibero-American museums. The creation of the Guide was motivated by the need to provide museums with a practical and accessible tool to help them evaluate and improve their sustainable practices, identifying critical areas where they can implement significant changes. In this way, this instrument promotes more efficient and balanced management, respecting its surroundings and raising awareness among its community and audiences about sustainability in a more holistic context. The Guide covers the four dimensions of sustainability – environmental, social, economic and cultural – in conjunction with day-to-day issues such as resource management, energy efficiency, conservation practices and community involvement. By encouraging museums to carry out a detailed self-assessment, the guide provides a solid basis for developing customised sustainable strategies. In this short article, we focus on the Guide background, the process of developing the tool, the principles on which it is based and its functionalities. We also take a brief overview of the Guide’s implementation in Portugal. As more museums adopt this tool, it is expected to continue evolving and adapting to the specific needs of the field, promoting a network of cultural institutions committed to sustainability.

Crystal A. Dozier, Arland L. Wallace

The ethnohistoric record from the American Great Plains indicates that dried pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) strips were often woven into mats as a form of food storage. This form of food storage was likely employed over large geographical areas and deep in time, but archaeological methods for identifying their production and use have been wanting. This experiment used ethnohistoric records to re-create pumpkin mats using bone and stone tools, with special attention to the types of residue and by-products created. We found that while formal bone tools could be used with pumpkin, simple flake stone tools were more efficient. Two pumpkin mats were produced, one in which the rind had been charred and removed prior to processing and one with a raw rind; the raw rind mat succumbed to mould while the charred pumpkin mat was temperature stable for more than two years. Residues were documented on the tools, but the gourd did not contain starch granules, and only the rind (which was removed in this experiment) contains the diagnostic phytoliths. The chaîne opératoire of pumpkin mat manufacture in this experiment explains why microfossil evidence (starch, phytoliths) of the practice has not been recovered in the Great Plains. Without a chemical biomarker, proteomic or ancient DNA approach, the recognition of pumpkin leather mats may remain elusive, which greatly limits archaeological understandings of this important foodway that is closely associated with women’s work.

Inés Domingo, Peyman Javadi, Dídac Roman

The heritage values of Levantine rock art, as UNESCO World Heritage since 1998 and as an Asset of Cultural Interest since 1985 according to the Spanish Heritage Act, together with its fragile nature, demand developing initiatives aimed at regularly revisiting and monitoring the sites and updating any existing records (descriptions, tracings, photographs, etc.). This is especially important for long-known sites, such as La Joquera, discovered and first graphically recorded in 1930 and for which these records have not been updated for decades. Such revisits should be aimed to: a) asses the integrity of the finds since their discovery or since the last revision; b) test whether current digital technologies can improve previous interpretations and reproductions of the art preserved there; and c) produce accurate three-dimensional (3D) photorealistic models that capture the 3D nature of this heritage and even improve the visualisation of motifs. These integral approaches are relevant to the qualitative and quantitative study of the art, as well as to its preservation and monitoring, and creation of digital archives to ensure a virtual future for Levantine art. This paper reports the technologies and methods used, the challenges faced (in terms of space available, lighting restrictions and the visual interference caused by the protective fence), and the results obtained at La Joquera rock art site as part of the 2D and 3D digital recording of the rock surface, the colour and the motifs depicted. Highlights of this paper include the identification of previously invisible weaponry and adornments of the only archer preserved on this site, as well as some other incomplete remains. Deliverables also include the production of a photorealistic model on which colour-intensified tracings are projected. This facilitates the identification of art that is now extremely faded and offers a closer look at what the site may have looked like originally.

Diego Castro, Christophe Eloy, Franck Ruffier

The implementation of collective motion, traditionally, disregard the limited sensing capabilities of an individual, to instead assuming an omniscient perception of the environment. This study implements a visual flocking model in a ``robot-in-the-loop'' approach to reproduce these behaviors with a flock composed of 10 independent spherical robots. The model achieves robotic collective motion by only using panoramic visual information of each robot, such as retinal position, optical size and optic flow of the neighboring robots. We introduce a virtual anchor to confine the collective robotic movements so to avoid wall interactions. For the first time, a simple visual robot-in-the-loop approach succeed in reproducing several collective motion phases, in particular, swarming, and milling. Another milestone achieved with by this model is bridging the gap between simulation and physical experiments by demonstrating nearly identical behaviors in both environments with the same visual model. To conclude, we show that our minimal visual collective motion model is sufficient to recreate most collective behaviors on a robot-in-the-loop system that is scalable, behaves as numerical simulations predict and is easily comparable to traditional models.

Alicja Mironiuk-Nikolska

Sergio Casanova Jordán

Tras el fallecimiento de Manuel Palau y Salvador Seguí, queda en el olvido la creación del Museo Sonoro, el Museo de imágenes y ambientes costumbristas, así como la realización de diferentes rutas folklóricas que proponen, los dos musicólogos, para el desarrollo y comprensión de la cultura inmaterial de carácter popular de toda la Comunidad Valenciana. Este tipo de trabajo se plantea una vez reunido todo el material que en su día recopiló el Instituto Valenciano de Musicología y Folklore, a través de la labor que llegó a efectuar con las llamadas Misiones Folklóricas, dando origen a un gran compendio de material etnográfico, musical, antropológico y sociológico de gran interés para el análisis y la comprensión de lo que hoy por hoy conocemos como las principales señas de identidad del pueblo valenciano.

Duncan Berryman

This book sets out to bring the topics of craft science and practitioner-research to a wider audience and integrate them into current craft practices. This is a subject that has seen significant development in Scandinavia but is much less common in other parts of Europe. The essays gathered here present case studies from a range of different crafts, from woodworking and pottery to gardening and textile production. Each essay presents a different approach to how practitioner-researchers can document their craft practices, enabling them to be recorded and passed on to others.

Guillermo Armando RONDA-PUPO

Abstract The study extends the conversation on the effect that co-authorship has on the citation impact of papers by analyzing the short-term advantage of co-authored papers. The results suggest that co-authored papers have a higher short-term impact than single-authored ones in all scientific domains. The study adds insights on the use of the immediacy index as an alternative indicator to evaluate the short-term competitive advantage of co-authored papers concerning the number of citations they attract. Furthermore, the study shows the efficacy of the immediacy index in comparing the short-term impact of different groups.

Damian Y. Romero Diaz, Magdalena Anioł, John Culnan

We present our experience as annotators in the creation of high-quality, adversarial machine-reading-comprehension data for extractive QA for Task 1 of the First Workshop on Dynamic Adversarial Data Collection (DADC). DADC is an emergent data collection paradigm with both models and humans in the loop. We set up a quasi-experimental annotation design and perform quantitative analyses across groups with different numbers of annotators focusing on successful adversarial attacks, cost analysis, and annotator confidence correlation. We further perform a qualitative analysis of our perceived difficulty of the task given the different topics of the passages in our dataset and conclude with recommendations and suggestions that might be of value to people working on future DADC tasks and related annotation interfaces.

Josefina García-León, Jesús A. González-García, Pedro E. Collado-Espejo

The accurate graphic survey of an archaeological site is fundamental for its analysis and research. Furthermore, if this site is to be covered by a building and will not be accessible or visible, its documentation is essential, not only to continue with the research, but also to disseminate and enhance the discoveries. An example of this is the "Hoya de los Molinos" archaeological site in Caravaca de la Cruz (Region of Murcia, Spain). This is where the first mark of the wheel of a Roman vertical watermill in the Iberian Peninsula has been found. This fact is crucial because remains of Roman vertical-wheeled watermills have been found across the Mediterranean but not in the Iberian Peninsula. Moreover, the fact that this watermill still has all its structural elements makes this archaeological site in Caravaca de la Cruz very interesting. Due to these facts, it is essential to disseminate this discovery, so that it can be recognized and considered as archaeological and cultural heritage. To that end, the researchers have carried out a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the most characteristic elements, such as the vertical wheel, the gears that allowed grinding the grain, and the building protecting them. A virtual recreation was carried out, based on the historical and building research, which is displayed in an explanatory video. Furthermore, two reproductions were created: one made to scale of the archaeological site with a 3D printer and another one of the hypothetical structure of the Roman watermill. To achieve this result, historians, archaeologists and engineers have collaborated, thus enabling not only its adequate dissemination, but also its accurate documentation, in an inclusive manner. Thanks to all the work that this paper describes, the Roman watermill found in Caravaca de la Cruz can be known, studied and assessed. Highlights: • The first Roman watermill in the Iberian Peninsula has been found with all its structural elements, from the imprints left in the stone by the wheel. • Virtual reconstruction of the first vertical wheel watermill discovered in Hispania has been made. • An animated video of the hydraulic watermill gears performance has been created for documentation and dissemination.

Nancy Sánchez-Tarragó

Konstantinos Giannakis, Joanna M. Chustecki, Iain G. Johnston

Mitochondria in plant cells form strikingly dynamic populations of largely individual organelles. Each mitochondrion contains on average less than a full copy of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome. Here, we asked whether mitochondrial dynamics may allow individual mitochondria to `collect' a full copy of the mtDNA genome over time, by facilitating exchange between individuals. Akin to trade on a social network, exchange of mtDNA fragments across organelles may lead to the emergence of full `effective' genomes in individuals over time. We characterise the collective dynamics of mitochondria in \emph{Arabidopsis thaliana} hypocotyl cells using a recent approach combining single-cell timelapse microscopy, video analysis, and network science. We then use a quantitative model to predict the capacity for the sharing and accumulation of genetic information through the networks of encounters between mitochondria. We find that biological encounter networks are strikingly well predisposed to support the collection of full genomes over time, outperforming a range of other networks generated from theory and simulation. Using results from the coupon collector's problem, we show that the upper tail of the degree distribution is a key determinant of an encounter network's performance at this task and discuss how features of mitochondrial dynamics observed in biology facilitate the emergence of full effective genomes.

Henry M. Clever, Ankur Handa, Hammad Mazhar et al.

Sharing autonomy between robots and human operators could facilitate data collection of robotic task demonstrations to continuously improve learned models. Yet, the means to communicate intent and reason about the future are disparate between humans and robots. We present Assistive Tele-op, a virtual reality (VR) system for collecting robot task demonstrations that displays an autonomous trajectory forecast to communicate the robot's intent. As the robot moves, the user can switch between autonomous and manual control when desired. This allows users to collect task demonstrations with both a high success rate and with greater ease than manual teleoperation systems. Our system is powered by transformers, which can provide a window of potential states and actions far into the future -- with almost no added computation time. A key insight is that human intent can be injected at any location within the transformer sequence if the user decides that the model-predicted actions are inappropriate. At every time step, the user can (1) do nothing and allow autonomous operation to continue while observing the robot's future plan sequence, or (2) take over and momentarily prescribe a different set of actions to nudge the model back on track. We host the videos and other supplementary material at https://sites.google.com/view/assistive-teleop.

Donsuk Lee, Samantha M. W. Wood, Justin N. Wood

Collective behavior is widespread across the animal kingdom. To date, however, the developmental and mechanistic foundations of collective behavior have not been formally established. What learning mechanisms drive the development of collective behavior in newborn animals? Here, we used deep reinforcement learning and curiosity-driven learning -- two learning mechanisms deeply rooted in psychological and neuroscientific research -- to build newborn artificial agents that develop collective behavior. Like newborn animals, our agents learn collective behavior from raw sensory inputs in naturalistic environments. Our agents also learn collective behavior without external rewards, using only intrinsic motivation (curiosity) to drive learning. Specifically, when we raise our artificial agents in natural visual environments with groupmates, the agents spontaneously develop ego-motion, object recognition, and a preference for groupmates, rapidly learning all of the core skills required for collective behavior. This work bridges the divide between high-dimensional sensory inputs and collective action, resulting in a pixels-to-actions model of collective animal behavior. More generally, we show that two generic learning mechanisms -- deep reinforcement learning and curiosity-driven learning -- are sufficient to learn collective behavior from unsupervised natural experience.

Huiling Qin, Xianyuan Zhan, Yu Zheng

Detecting anomalies in large complex systems is a critical and challenging task. The difficulties arise from several aspects. First, collecting ground truth labels or prior knowledge for anomalies is hard in real-world systems, which often lead to limited or no anomaly labels in the dataset. Second, anomalies in large systems usually occur in a collective manner due to the underlying dependency structure among devices or sensors. Lastly, real-time anomaly detection for high-dimensional data requires efficient algorithms that are capable of handling different types of data (i.e. continuous and discrete). We propose a correlation structure-based collective anomaly detection (CSCAD) model for high-dimensional anomaly detection problem in large systems, which is also generalizable to semi-supervised or supervised settings. Our framework utilize graph convolutional network combining a variational autoencoder to jointly exploit the feature space correlation and reconstruction deficiency of samples to perform anomaly detection. We propose an extended mutual information (EMI) metric to mine the internal correlation structure among different data features, which enhances the data reconstruction capability of CSCAD. The reconstruction loss and latent standard deviation vector of a sample obtained from reconstruction network can be perceived as two natural anomalous degree measures. An anomaly discriminating network can then be trained using low anomalous degree samples as positive samples, and high anomalous degree samples as negative samples. Experimental results on five public datasets demonstrate that our approach consistently outperforms all the competing baselines.

Akira Ishii, Shinnosuke Okawa, Hokuto Uehara

Structure theorems for exceptional objects and exceptional collections of the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves on del Pezzo surfaces are established by Kuleshov and Orlov. In this paper we propose conjectures which generalize these results to weak del Pezzo surfaces. Unlike del Pezzo surfaces, an exceptional object on a weak del Pezzo surface is not necessarily a shift of a sheaf and is not determined by its class in the Grothendieck group. Our conjectures explain how these complications are taken care of by spherical twists, the categorification of $(-2)$-reflections acting on the derived category. This paper is devoted to solving the conjectures for the prototypical weak del Pezzo surface $Σ_{ 2 }$, the Hirzebruch surface of degree $2$. Specifically, we prove the following results: Any exceptional object is sent to the shift of the uniquely determined exceptional vector bundle by a product of spherical twists which acts trivially on the Grothendieck group of the derived category. Any exceptional collection on $Σ_{ 2 }$ is part of a full exceptional collection. We moreover prove that the braid group on $4$ strands acts transitively on the set of exceptional collections of length $4$ (up to shifts).

K. Oertel, Renee Harvey, Diana Folsom

Abstract This project began with a deceptively simple question: “Were there runaway slaves in Indian Territory in the 1830 s and 40s?” The answer was complicated and relied upon the combined expertise of historians, archivists, curators, and collectors. This article describes how collaborative research, performed at the Helmerich Center for American Research at the Gilcrease Museum in Tulsa, Oklahoma, uncovered a long-neglected piece of history in Indian Territory. The collections, which contain diverse sources such as manuscripts written on parchment, archaeological artefacts, original art, and more recently, digitised documents, images, and videos, shape the way scholars answer their questions. Although scholarly research may appear to be an independent endeavour – the professor mining sources at a desk or writing alone on a computer – the reality, especially in the twenty-first century, is much different. What shows up on the page and, now, what results in a podcast, is rooted in a shared journey, beginning with an archivist or curator collecting and cataloguing materials and ending in cyberspace.