Hasil untuk "Medieval history"

Iago Cuenca Martí

García Marsilla, J. V. (Ed.) (2022). Espacios de vida. Casa, hogar y cultura material en la Europa Medieval. Valencia: Publicacions Universitat de València, 546 pp., ISBN: 978-84-9133-491-0.

José María Anguita Jaén

El artículo muestra cómo en el Liber sancti Iacobi (LSI) y la De rebus Britonum (DRB) tiene lugar lo que parece ser una polémica literaria entre sus respectivos autores. En el LSI, el poitevino Aimerico Picaud combina una exagerada muestra de admiración por sus paisanos con comentarios despectivos para otros pueblos, entre los cuales los cornualleses, a los que alude con un adjetivo insultante (caudatus). Por su parte, la DGB de Jofre de Monmouth pone en escena a Corineo, héroe epónimo de Cornualles cuya figura noble e invencible parece creada para contestar a la semántica de caudatus, y cuyas mayores hazañas tienen lugar precisamente contra gentes del Poitou a las que derrota de forma repetida y humillante. Todo ello permite deducir que la controversia entre los dos autores podría ser el reflejo de un choque real entre ejércitos del Poitou y Cornualles que tuvo lugar a finales de 1136 en Normandía, uno de los primeros actos del conflicto dinástico provocado por la muerte de Enrique I de Inglaterra, y que implicó a buena parte de los señoríos británicos y franceses de su tiempo.

Adrien Quéret-Podesta

The Chronicle of Spišská Sobota is a short historical text which owes its name to its place of conservation and relates the history of the German-speaking communities which settled in the Spiš region; however, rather little is known about the exact circumstances of its creation. The present paper aims to reconstitute the genesis of this work and proposes, despite its inevitably hypothetical and incomplete character, some directions of research. The analysis of the only preserved manuscript of the chronicle seems thus to show that this text was used as a tool of legitimation for the right of the Spiš German inhabitants, which suggests that the League of the Spiš towns could have been involved in the chronicle’s creation. The examination of the manuscript also seems to indicate that the chronicle was written at the turn of the 1450s and 1460s, i.e. only a few years before the end of the towns’ autonomy in 1465: the prospect of this event might thus have played a role in the creation of the chronicle. Finally, the analysis of place names in Spiš mentioned in this work strongly suggests it was composed in Levoča by one layman involved in the administration of the city.

Sophia Dege-Müller, Jacopo Gnisci, Vitagrazia Pisani

Illustrated manuscripts in the Ethiopic language, as material objects that carry textual and visual information, are among the most valuable sources of data for art historians specializing in this area. This article provides a handlist of illustrated early Solomonic manuscripts housed in German libraries and museums. The contribution was created within the framework of the AHRC-DFG project Demarginalizing medieval Africa: Images, texts, and identity in early Solomonic Ethiopia (1270–1527) so our data reflects the project’s research focus on visual matter. This is the first time that the illuminations of the manuscripts included in the handlist are analysed comprehensively. We believe that the resulting work sheds new light on the history of book illustration in early Solomonic Ethiopia and hope that it will provide researchers with a valuable instrument to foster comparative research and a more integrative approach to the study of Ethiopian art.

Talia J. Andrei

The nunnery Keikōin was a powerful Buddhist institution, famous in late-medieval Japanese history for its vigorous and successful fundraising campaigns on behalf of the Grand Shrine of Ise. Much is known about the nuns’ fundraising activities, but very little is known about their religious practice. A recently discovered painting, I believe, sheds some light on this long-standing question. It depicts an elderly nun invoking the deity Uhō Dōji in the form enshrined at Kongōshōji, a temple situated at the top of Asama Mountain, to the east of Ise’s Inner Shrine. Based on several of the iconographic elements, I argue the nun portrayed in the painting is from Keikōin and that she is shown engaging in esoteric Buddhist practices related to those carried out at Kongōshōji. Comparative analysis with other paintings and the historical record has, moreover, led me to propose that the Keikōin nuns performed these esoteric practices at Ise’s Kora no tachi, the hall where young shrine maidens prepared the daily food offerings for Ise’s deities.

Zamfira Bîrzu

This work reveals the definition of «angel», a generic classification of angel hierarchies, their main characteristics, a short history about them according to Bible stories and also a history of their representations in iconography. There are also problematised opposite moral aspects, such as: good and bad, spirituality and sin, immortality and ephemerality, sacred and profane, heaven and earth. This theme is analysed from a multiple perspective, such as from a religious, but also from a philosophical and artistic point of view. In the last pages of the article there are 2 paintings entitled «Seraphim» and «Angel» which are visual representations of these heavenly creatures.

Carlos Barquero Goñi

Reseña de: García Izquierdo, Iván, Frontera, fuero y concejos. El valle del Riaza en la Edad Media (siglos VIII-XII). Madrid, La Ergástula, 2019, 420 pp. ISBN: 978-84-16242-70-2.

Johnny Samuele Baldi

The village of Qleiaat, in the Mount Lebanon, has recently been the centre of archaeological activities aimed at studying late prehistoric and Early Bronze Age vestiges. But from the very beginning this research has also tried to investigate with purely archaeological means the remains of the recent past of the village, especially the pithoi used in the 19th-20th centuries for food storage, and the ruins left by violent clashes that took place in Qleiaat at the end of the Lebanese civil war. Through a reflection on the possibility of reconstructing physical frontiers starting from the archaeology of fossil techniques, this paper applies to a recent case-study an approach used until now only for prehistoric material culture. The aim is to recognize the frontier between the militias having clashed in Qleiaat in 1988-1990 on the basis of the chaînes opératoires of the pithoi.

Francesca Dell’Acqua, Clemens Gantner

J. Esposito

Ivanović Miodrag R.

The fact that Kosovo and Metohija is rich with archeological remains of numerous and different cultures flourishing and developing within, also numerous medieval monasteries, natural and cultural potentials , history and tradition, point to the possibility that this region could become attractive in future for the tourism and cultural tourism needs. This hypothesis is proved in practice by tourist super powers in Europe and the world, Italy, France, Russia, the USA, Canada, which today levy immense income from cultural tourism, whose constitutive part comprises Cultural landscapes as well. Two such subject areas in Kosovo and Metohija - Gazimestan and Hoča are chosen for the study; by a detailed analysis a conclusion will be drawn whether these areas have potentials to be nominated for the World cultural list as Cultural landscapes in Kosovo and Metohija. The research is multidisciplinary; this paper presents an initial study of cultural landscapes in this region and examines possibility of its culture and tourist presentation. A well organized, conceived and timely placement of cultural landscapes opens a new segment in the cultural tourism offer. This research will prove the importance of promoting cultural landscape and its revival through cultural heritage, as well as its incorporating into modern tourist offer.

Thomas Harry Chadwick

<p>Review of Matthew Strickland, <em>Henry the Young King 1155-1183 </em>(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016). </p>

Søren Kaspersen

Title in English: ”To present oneself” – The Donor Figures in Naumburg and Psycho-history. – The ensemble of founder statues situated in the western choir of the Naumburg Cathedral is one of the most intriguing and most discussed examples of medieval portraiture. The twelve sculptures are very lifelike but they cannot be portraits of the historical persons in any real sense. Some of them behave very unlike founders, expressing different frames of mind and seeming to relate to each other in an anachronistic way. This essay provides a new interpretation of the figures’ relations and functions considered within the framework of an Augustinian worldview and based mainly on a new identification and understanding of the Sizzo-figure. Furthermore the rhetoric and expressive means of the Naumburg Master are discussed in relation to the emergence of the new Gothic style, a process that included a significant reception of and negotiation with the art of Antiquity. In the view of the present article this process reflects a psychogenese dialectic connected with the contemporary sociogenese and created by the educational ideals and refinements of courtly culture in its relations with the religious sphere and with love as its central fore. The style of the figures then is the frame and visualization of a new ‘mental architecture’.

Ana Calvo Revilla

Oralidad y escritura en las artes poéticas de la Edad Media

Julio César Díaz

Sobre el conocimiento de orígenes y el rechazo de la "preexistencia" en la Epístola 166 ad Hieronymum de San Agustín de Hipona

Xavier Casassas Canals

En este artículo presentamos la Riḥla de Omar Patún, un relato de viaje y de peregrinación desde Ávila a la Meca realizado por un musulmán castellano a finales del siglo XV. Se trata de un manuscrito inédito hallado en Calanda y conservado en la Biblioteca de Las Cortes de Aragón. Publicamos una selección de textos mostrando las principales etapas del viaje, las circunstancias del mismo y la descripción de algunas de las principales ciudades que visitó Omar Patún. A partir de algunas noticias y referencias, directas e indirectas, a acontecimientos históricos determinamos la fecha exacta del viaje de Omar Patún (1491–1495) y establecemos la cronología de las diferentes etapas y escalas. Ponemos así en conocimiento un documento fundamental para todos aquellos interesados en el estudio de la comunidad musulmana de época mudéjar, que aporta datos novedosos que habrá de tener en cuenta a partir de ahora cuando se hable de la religiosidad de los mudéjares castellanos y de los desplazamientos de éstos a Oriente y en especial a la Meca. This article presents Omar Patún’s Riḥla, an itinerary of the pilgrimage from Ávila to Mecca undertaken by a Castilian Muslim at the end of the fifteenth century. This is an unpublished manuscript found in Calanda and preserved in the Library of the Cortes de Aragón. The selection of texts offered here will identify the most important stages of the journey, its circumstances and the description of some of the cities visited by Patún. Certain news and references in the text to historical events, both direct and indirect, help to date Omar Patún’s journey between 1491–1495, and to establish the chronology of the different stages of the trip and stops on the way. We bring to light an outstanding source for those interested in the Islamic community in Mudejar times as it provides new insights into the religiosity of Castilian Mudejars and their journeys to the Middle East, and especially to Mecca.

Stefano Gardini

L'articolo intende fornire alcuni nuovi spunti documentari alla riflessione sulle vicende editoriali ottocentesche degli Annali genovesi di Caffaro e continuatori con particolare attenzione alla irrealizzata edizione da parte di Federico Alizeri nella prima serie dell'«Archivio storico italiano» di Vieusseux.

Jean-Louis Guereña

El presente artículo colecciona un buen número de las publicaciones catalanas de tema erótico que vieron la luz clancestinamente durante el siglo XIX y principios del XX. This article collects a good number of Catalan publications with a erotic topic that came out clandestinely during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Eva von Contzen

In the wake of the growing interest in diachronic approaches and the historicizing of narratology, a medieval narratology is called for which systematically scrutinizes medieval forms and functions of narration. In the first part of the article, the problems of applying classical narratological theories to medieval literature are sketched, as well as the reasons for the relative invisibility of the narratological studies already conducted by medievalists. In the second part, the main parameters of a medieval narratology are outlined by means of selected sample analyses across a range of genres. A medieval narratology, it is argued, requires necessary shifts and modifications of existing theories, but also an open dialogue between the disciplines. Both narratologists and medievalists can profit from such an endeavor, which does not reject classical and post-classical theories. Rather, it is based on an informed understanding of the historical grounding of narrative forms and their place in the history of literature. The essay rounds off with a proposal of “Ten Theses for a Medieval Narratology”.

S. Carson

ECONOMIC HISTORY The economic history of Dunster has been very varied. In the early Middle Ages a small town grew up in the medieval period with a thriving market, a port, and a large household at the Castle to be provisioned. Every resource was exploited including fish, sheep, cattle, grain, and timber. The river Avill and its tributaries not only supplied power for the many mills but also water meadows for hay. In addition to the needs of husbandry hay had to supply the Castle stables. That is probably why other manors such as Avill were required to carry hay to the Castle or pay 12d. 1 Sea and river fishing were valuable and many fishweirs survive in the bay. The availability of wool, water, and labour encouraged yarn and cloth production, which flourished until the 18th century. By the early modern period ̳dunsters‘ were among Somerset‘s cloth exports. Dunster prospered and its market served a very wide area with easy access to Minehead harbour, which had by then replaced Dunster haven. In 1710 38 men and women were taxed on their stock in trade. The cloth industry supported the growth of town and provided relatively well-paid jobs leading to a demand for a wide range of crafts and services. In 1772 there were said to be 27 inhabitants who were not parishioners, clearly drawn to Dunster as a place to make a living, including four smiths, a cutler, a carpenter, a tailor, a painter, an innkeeper, and a cooper. 2 By then however, Dunster‘s prosperity had waned with the decline in cloth manufacture and in the market, and a consequent decline in the town itself, although Dunster also had a pottery and a brickyard and various food industries such as milling and malting. The number of poor rates collected in 1766 was more than double the number in 1760 yet in neighbouring Carhampton they remained the same. 3 In 1759 Foremarsh manor property in Dunster included a house in ruins, five listed as