S. Tanksley, N. Young, A. Paterson et al.
Hasil untuk "Maps"
Menampilkan 20 dari ~2345779 hasil · dari DOAJ, arXiv, Semantic Scholar, CrossRef
M. Merzenich, R. Nelson, M. Stryker et al.
E. DeYoe, G. Carman, P. Bandettini et al.
P. Lichter, Chieh-ju C. Tang, K. Call et al.
D. S., H. Coxeter, W. Moser
G. Schuler, M. Boguski, E. Stewart et al.
A. Spector, F. S. Grant
K. Venkatesan, Jean‐François Rual, A. Vazquez et al.
Several attempts have been made to systematically map protein-protein interaction, or 'interactome', networks. However, it remains difficult to assess the quality and coverage of existing data sets. Here we describe a framework that uses an empirically-based approach to rigorously dissect quality parameters of currently available human interactome maps. Our results indicate that high-throughput yeast two-hybrid (HT-Y2H) interactions for human proteins are more precise than literature-curated interactions supported by a single publication, suggesting that HT-Y2H is suitable to map a significant portion of the human interactome. We estimate that the human interactome contains ∼130,000 binary interactions, most of which remain to be mapped. Similar to estimates of DNA sequence data quality and genome size early in the Human Genome Project, estimates of protein interaction data quality and interactome size are crucial to establish the magnitude of the task of comprehensive human interactome mapping and to elucidate a path toward this goal.
K. Boyack, R. Klavans, K. Börner
M. Gale, K. Devos
P. Gething, Anand P. Patil, David L. Smith et al.
BackgroundTransmission intensity affects almost all aspects of malaria epidemiology and the impact of malaria on human populations. Maps of transmission intensity are necessary to identify populations at different levels of risk and to evaluate objectively options for disease control. To remain relevant operationally, such maps must be updated frequently. Following the first global effort to map Plasmodium falciparum malaria endemicity in 2007, this paper describes the generation of a new world map for the year 2010. This analysis is extended to provide the first global estimates of two other metrics of transmission intensity for P. falciparum that underpin contemporary questions in malaria control: the entomological inoculation rate (Pf EIR) and the basic reproductive number (PfR).MethodsAnnual parasite incidence data for 13,449 administrative units in 43 endemic countries were sourced to define the spatial limits of P. falciparum transmission in 2010 and 22,212 P. falciparum parasite rate (Pf PR) surveys were used in a model-based geostatistical (MBG) prediction to create a continuous contemporary surface of malaria endemicity within these limits. A suite of transmission models were developed that link Pf PR to Pf EIR and PfR and these were fitted to field data. These models were combined with the Pf PR map to create new global predictions of Pf EIR and PfR. All output maps included measured uncertainty.ResultsAn estimated 1.13 and 1.44 billion people worldwide were at risk of unstable and stable P. falciparum malaria, respectively. The majority of the endemic world was predicted with a median Pf EIR of less than one and a median PfRc of less than two. Values of either metric exceeding 10 were almost exclusive to Africa. The uncertainty described in both Pf EIR and PfR was substantial in regions of intense transmission.ConclusionsThe year 2010 has a particular significance as an evaluation milestone for malaria global health policy. The maps presented here contribute to a rational basis for control and elimination decisions and can serve as a baseline assessment as the global health community looks ahead to the next series of milestones targeted at 2015.
R. Rana, C. Chou, S. Kanhere et al.
Yao-Yi Chiang, S. Leyk, Craig A. Knoblock
A. Martinez-Möller, M. Souvatzoglou, G. Delso et al.
Attenuation correction (AC) of whole-body PET data in combined PET/MRI tomographs is expected to be a technical challenge. In this study, a potential solution based on a segmented attenuation map is proposed and evaluated in clinical PET/CT cases. Methods: Segmentation of the attenuation map into 4 classes (background, lungs, fat, and soft tissue) was hypothesized to be sufficient for AC purposes. The segmentation was applied to CT-based attenuation maps from 18F-FDG PET/CT oncologic examinations of 35 patients with 52 18F-FDG–avid lesions in the lungs (n = 15), bones (n = 21), and neck (n = 16). The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the lesions were determined from PET images reconstructed with nonsegmented and segmented attenuation maps, and an experienced observer interpreted both PET images with no knowledge of the attenuation map status. The feasibility of the method was also evaluated with 2 patients who underwent both PET/CT and MRI. Results: The use of a segmented attenuation map resulted in average SUV changes of 8% ± 3% (mean ± SD) for bone lesions, 4% ± 2% for neck lesions, and 2% ± 3% for lung lesions. The largest SUV change was 13.1%, for a lesion in the pelvic bone. There were no differences in the clinical interpretations made by the experienced observer with both types of attenuation maps. Conclusion: A segmented attenuation map with 4 classes derived from CT data had only a small effect on the SUVs of 18F-FDG–avid lesions and did not change the interpretation for any patient. This approach appears to be practical and valid for MRI-based AC.
N. Spring, Ratul Mahajan, D. Wetherall et al.
Yi Shang, Wheeler Ruml
G. Bathrellos, H. Skilodimou, K. Chousianitis et al.
Jianming Zhang, S. Sclaroff
A. Kong, G. Thorleifsson, D. Gudbjartsson et al.
Cory M. Whitcomb, J.-D. T. Smith, Elizabeth Tarantino et al.
We explore the physical origins of the observed deficit of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at subsolar metallicity using JWST/NIRCam imaging of the nearby galaxy M101, covering regions from solar metallicity ( Z _⊙ ) down to 0.4 Z _⊙ . These maps are used to trace the radial evolution of the shortest-wavelength PAH feature at 3.3 μ m, which is emitted preferentially by the smallest PAHs (<100 carbon atoms). The fractional contribution of PAH 3.3 μ m to the total PAH luminosity (ΣPAH) increases by 3× as metallicity declines, rising from ∼1% to ∼3% over the observed range, consistent with prior predictions from the inhibited grain growth model based on Spitzer spectroscopy. We explore model refinements including photon effects and alternative size evolution prescriptions and find that a modest amount of small grain photodestruction remains possible, provided the grain size cutoff does not exceed ∼55 carbon atoms. The best-fit models predict 3.3 μ m/ΣPAH will rise to ∼5.6%–7.7% at 10% Z _⊙ . Surprisingly, even as ΣPAH drops significantly relative to the total infrared luminosity (TIR) as metallicity declines, 3.3 μ m/TIR alone rises , potentially indicating the mass fraction of the smallest PAH grains increases as the total dust content in galaxies drops. The current model cannot fully reproduce this trend even if the unusually strong effects of changing radiation field hardness on 3.3 μ m/TIR are included. This may be evidence that the smallest PAHs are uniquely robust against destruction and inhibited growth effects. These results highlight the pivotal role that short-wavelength PAH emission can play in studies of low-metallicity and high-redshift galaxies.
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