Hasil untuk "Logic"

Han Wang, L. Yu, Yi‐Hsien Lee et al.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)), have been shown to exhibit excellent electrical and optical properties. The semiconducting nature of MoS(2) allows it to overcome the shortcomings of zero-bandgap graphene, while still sharing many of graphene's advantages for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Discrete electronic and optoelectronic components, such as field-effect transistors, sensors, and photodetectors made from few-layer MoS(2) show promising performance as potential substitute of Si in conventional electronics and of organic and amorphous Si semiconductors in ubiquitous systems and display applications. An important next step is the fabrication of fully integrated multistage circuits and logic building blocks on MoS(2) to demonstrate its capability for complex digital logic and high-frequency ac applications. This paper demonstrates an inverter, a NAND gate, a static random access memory, and a five-stage ring oscillator based on a direct-coupled transistor logic technology. The circuits comprise between 2 to 12 transistors seamlessly integrated side-by-side on a single sheet of bilayer MoS(2). Both enhancement-mode and depletion-mode transistors were fabricated thanks to the use of gate metals with different work functions.

R. Greenwood, A. Díaz, S. Li et al.

D. Kozen

R. Harper, F. Honsell, G. Plotkin

Xinxin Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhao, Lina Mao et al.

Organoid morphogenesis is orchestrated by complex mechanical interactions between cells and their microenvironment. Recent evidence highlights the critical role of mechanical stimuli—including fluid shear stress, axial tensile and compressive forces, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, and viscoelasticity—in integrating through specialized mechanotransduction hubs to regulate spatial and temporal morphogenetic programs. These mechanical cues are decoded by interconnected signaling architectures, including the MAPK/PI3K–Akt pathways mediating fluidic forces, the Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo–YAP/TAZ cascades responding to axial forces and ECM rigidity, and the integrin–β1–tensin-1–YAP axis interpreting ECM viscoelastic properties. These interconnected networks establish hierarchical control over organoid proliferation, lineage specification, and tissue patterning across diverse culture systems, spanning static elastic substrates to dynamic viscoelastic matrices with tunable stress relaxation profiles.Beyond cytoplasmic signaling, emerging studies identify nuclear mechanotransduction as a central integrative layer that converts mechanical inputs into stable transcriptional and epigenetic outcomes. Mechanical forces transmitted via the cytoskeleton–LINC complex reshape nuclear mechanics through Lamin A–dependent regulation of nuclear stiffness, directly remodel chromatin accessibility, and modulate mechanosensitive transcriptional regulators. Through this nucleus-centred mechanism, transient mechanical cues are encoded as persistent gene expression programmes that govern cell fate specification, tissue layering, and functional compartmentalisation in organoids.This review systematically maps the mechanobiological logic underlying organoid development across three analytical dimensions: molecular decoding of mechanical inputs, cellular-scale integration of mechanotransduction signals, and emergent tissue-level patterning. By elucidating self-reinforcing feedback loops between matrix biophysics, nuclear mechanics, and chromatin organisation, we propose an engineering framework for designing biomimetic microenvironments. This approach enables the development of next-generation organoid platforms with enhanced architectural fidelity and physiological relevance, particularly through spatiotemporal control of viscoelastic memory and dynamic mechanical conditioning.

Juha Kontinen, Ivano Ciardelli

Inquisitive team logic is a variant of inquisitive logic interpreted in team semantics, which has been argued to provide a natural setting for the regimentation of dependence claims. With respect to sentences, this logic is known to be expressively equivalent with first-order logic. In this article we show that, on the contrary, the expressive power of open formulas in this logic properly exceeds that of first-order logic. On the way to this result, we show that if inquisitive team logic is extended with the range-generating universal quantifier adopted in dependence logic, the resulting logic can express finiteness, and as a consequence, it is neither compact nor recursively axiomatizable. We further extend our results to standard inquisitive first-order logic, showing that some sentences of this logic express non first-order properties of models.

Олександр Сирський, Андрій Лебеденко, Олег Семененко

The contemporary war launched by the russian federation against Ukraine demonstrates a fundamental change in the nature of armed confrontation. This conflict is gradually moving beyond classical conceptions of war as a set of active combat actions, frontline clashes, and rapid operations. Instead, Ukraine has encountered a phenomenon that exhibits all the features of a so-called “war of attrition” – a protracted, gradual, fragmented yet systemic confrontation that causes destructive impact not only on the frontline but also in the rear, in the information space, economy, energy sector, international diplomacy, and in the public consciousness. Therefore, the main aim of the article is to explore “war of attrition” as a phenomenon and to introduce this concept into scientific, strategic, and public discourse, as it reflects the new realities of Ukraine’s military experience that no longer fit within traditional frameworks. The main results of the article are as follows: an analysis of the military confrontation in the context of the russian-Ukrainian war is conducted in order to examine the phenomenon of a slow, incremental advance that lacks a clearly defined frontline breakthrough but is instead characterised by months-long pressure and attrition of the enemy; a conceptual and terminological justification and a definition of the philosophical concept of “war of attrition” are provided; the main principles of conducting a “war of attrition” are defined; the main characteristics of “war of attrition” are outlined; the periods of transformation of the russian-Ukrainian war into a “war of attrition” are established; possible projected consequences of “war of attrition” for russia and Ukraine are identified; the system of external and internal factors that may push russia to shift from “war of attrition” to active operations is revealed; numerical indicators of “war of attrition” based on the russian-Ukrainian experience are defined; and the foundations of the Concept of “war of attrition” are elaborated using the russian-Ukrainian conflict as an example. The materials of the article may be useful to military theorists and practitioners involved in developing strategies for contemporary warfare; security and defence analysts studying the transformation of armed conflicts; researchers in the field of the philosophy of war, military history, and international relations; as well as policymakers and military leaders who shape defence policy and military doctrines.

Ammar kuti Nasser

Detection of epidemics during their early stages allows both the reduction of public health emergencies and the enhancement of resource management. The proposed research methodology combines GAMs and HMMs as a neutrosophic statistical framework which detects epidemics in real-time. GAMs analyze nonlinear epidemic patterns which result from environmental along with mobility conditions while HMMs use probabilistic state transitions to perform classification tasks. Bayesian hierarchical models along with spatio-temporal neutrosophic statistical techniques increase the framework's capability to respond regionally and deliver geospatial forecasts. Real world health surveillance data goes through our framework assessment where findings from GAMs and HMMs are compared to results obtained from RNNs and Transformer-based AI models. The combination of neutrosophic statistical methods with AI techniques leads to better outbreak prediction accuracy and generates results which can help interpret and take action in disease surveillance.

Sonia Marin, Paaras Padhiar

Justification logics are an explication of modal logic; boxes are replaced with proof terms formally through realisation theorems. This can be achieved syntactically using a cut-free proof system e.g. using sequent, hypersequent or nested sequent calculi. In constructive modal logic, boxes and diamonds are decoupled and not De Morgan dual. Kuznets, Marin and Straßburger provide a justification counterpart to constructive modal logic CK and some extensions by making diamonds explicit by introducing new terms called satisfiers. We continue the line of work to provide a justification counterpart to Fischer Servi's intuitionistic modal logic IK and its extensions with the t and 4 axioms. We: extend the syntax of proof terms to accommodate the additional axioms of intuitionistic modal logic; provide an axiomatisation of these justification logics; provide a syntactic realisation procedure using a cut-free nested sequent system for intuitionistic modal logic introduced by Straßburger.

Juan P. Aguilera, Guillaume Massas

Following a suggestion of Birkhoff and Von Neumann [Ann. Math. 37 (1936), 23-32], we pursue a joint study of quantum logic and intuitionistic logic. We exhibit a linear-time translation which for each quantum logic $Q$ and each superintuitionistic logic $I$ yields an axiomatization of $Q\cap I$ from axiomatizations of $Q$ and $I$. The translation is centered around a certain axiom (Ex) which (together with introduction and elimination rules for connectives) is shown to axiomatize the intersection of orthologic and intuitionistic logic, solving a problem of Holliday [Logics 1 (2023), pp. 36-79]. We prove that the lattice of all super-Ex logics is isomorphic to the product of the lattices of quantum logics and superintuitionistic logics in the signature $\{\land,\lor,\neg\}$. We prove that there are infinitely many sub-Ex logics extending Holliday's fundamental logic.

Alaameri Karrar J., Ramadhan Ali J., Fatlawi Ahmed et al.

In the recent industry field, automation has become the most important role in production processes to improve efficiency, increase production, and reduce workers. Sorting the products based on their color is a common task in the industries, but using manual sorting may take a longer time and human error may occur, especially if the production quantities are very large. To contribute to improving the quality and speed of production, we have proposed a new system to automatically separate products based on their color. This article presents a new system for identifying and separating industrial products based on their colors. The implemented system consists of three sensors used to detect the colors of the products, four chutes, and two conveyor belts designed to guide objects along the manufacturing path, and three push mechanisms to place objects in their designated places. The system includes an emergency interface, a reset interface, a stop interface, as well as communication using the PN (PROFINET Process Field Net) protocol, a programmable logic controller, and a 1511-1 central processing unit. This system has been precisely programmed and simulated using FACTORY I/O software and TIA PORTAL software to control and monitor the system effectively. The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system also includes a Human–Machine Interface user interface for maximum control. The performance of this system was tested by sorting 250 objects of different colors. These tests resulted in the successful separation of a total of 85 blue objects, 89 green objects, and 86 gray (metallic) objects within a time period of 20 min. This system shows wide applicability in various industries including diamond mining, recycling, and grain manufacturing sectors.

Francesco Chiariello, Valeria Fionda, Antonio Ielo et al.

Answer Set Programming (ASP), a well-known declarative logic programming paradigm, has recently found practical application in Process Mining. In particular, ASP has been used to model tasks involving declarative specifications of business processes. In this area, Declare stands out as the most widely adopted declarative process modeling language, offering a means to model processes through sets of constraints valid traces must satisfy, that can be expressed in Linear Temporal Logic over Finite Traces (LTLf). Existing ASP-based solutions encode Declare constraints by modeling the corresponding LTLf formula or its equivalent automaton which can be obtained using established techniques. In this paper, we introduce a novel encoding for Declare constraints that directly models their semantics as ASP rules, eliminating the need for intermediate representations. We assess the effectiveness of this novel approach on two Process Mining tasks by comparing it with alternative ASP encodings and a Python library for Declare. Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP).

Daniyar Shamkanov

We consider an extension of the modal logic of transitive closure K+ with some inifinitary derivations and present a sequent calculus for this extension, which allows non-well-founded proofs. For the given calculus, we obtain the cut-elimination theorem following the lines of so called continuous cut elimination. Our consideration also covers ordinary proofs of K+ since they correspond to cyclic cut-free proofs of the presented sequent calculus.

Susan E. Wilson

LI Youguang, LIU Shifeng, WANG Huiliang et al.

【Objective】 The ecological functions of a river are manifold; and how to determine river flow rates which are ecologically sustainable is important but not trivial. In this paper, we proposed a new approach to model river habitat. 【Method】 The model is based on multiple indicator species and considers their competition as well as the consequence for growth of individual species. The model is constructed based on the fuzzy logic method to establish the quantitative relationship between river habitat quality and runoff conditions. We applied the model to the Xinyang section of the Shihe River. 【Result】 The sustainable ecological water flow in this section of the river calculated by the model is 160~260 m3/s, and the minimum ecological flow rate is 60 m3/s. The result interval is stricter than that calculated from the single indicator species model using crucian carp as the indicator. 【Conclusion】 Multiple indicator species model we proposed for determining ecologically sustainable river flow is robust and accurate. It can be used for designing sustainable development and utilization of river water resources.

Fethi Dridi, Safwan El Assad, Wajih El Hadj Youssef et al.

In this study, with an FPGA-board using VHDL, we designed a secure chaos-based stream cipher (SCbSC), and we evaluated its hardware implementation performance in terms of computational complexity and its security. The fundamental element of the system is the proposed secure pseudo-chaotic number generator (SPCNG). The architecture of the proposed SPCNG includes three first-order recursive filters, each containing a discrete chaotic map and a mixing technique using an internal pseudo-random number (PRN). The three discrete chaotic maps, namely, the 3D Chebyshev map (3D Ch), the 1D logistic map (L), and the 1D skew-tent map (S), are weakly coupled by a predefined coupling matrix M. The mixing technique combined with the weak coupling technique of the three chaotic maps allows preserving the system against side-channel attacks (SCAs). The proposed system was implemented on a Xilinx XC7Z020 PYNQ-Z2 FPGA platform. Logic resources, throughput, and cryptanalytic and statistical tests showed a good tradeoff between efficiency and security. Thus, the proposed SCbSC can be used as a secure stream cipher.

Anna Vasickaninová, Monika Bakošová, Alajos Mészáros

Increasing energy efficiency and decreasing power consumption play a substantial role in the modern industrial and technological world. Consequently, there are enhanced requirements on all production processes and especially on energy intensive processes. Heat exchangers (HEs) and heat exchanger networks (HENs) are very energy intensive processes and only their optimal operation assures efficient heat recovery. Advanced optimization and advanced control are tools for assuring the energetic efficacy of HEs or HENs. Between them, fuzzy logic control represents the advanced control strategy that has many applications in industry and advantages as it can be used for control of strongly non-linear processes and processes that are difficult to control because of asymmetric dynamics or uncertainties. The type-1 and type-2 fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) designed for a small heat exchanger network (HEN) are compared in this paper using simulation results with the PI and PID controllers tuned by conventional methods. The controlled HEN was a combination of two heat exchangers in series and one in parallel to them. The best controller was the type-2 fuzzy logic controller (FLC). This controller assured the most efficient operation of HEN measured by the smallest coolant consumption. The coolant consumption increased exploiting the type-1 FLC by 2 %, the PI controller by 3 %, and the PID controller by 5 %.

Thomas Macaulay Ferguson

While participating in a symposium on Dave Ripley’s forthcoming book Uncut, I had proposed that employing a strict-tolerant interpretation of the weak Kleene matrices provided a content-theoretical conception of the bounds of conversational norms that enjoyed advantages over Ripley’s use of the strong Kleene matrices. During discussion, I used the case of sentences that are taken to be out-of-bounds for being secrets as an example of a case in which the setting of conversational bounds in practice diverged from the account championed by Ripley. In this paper, I consider an objection that my treatment of quantifiers was mistaken insofar as the confidentiality of a sentence ϕ(t) may not lift to the sentence ∃xϕ(x) and draw from this objection that neither the strong nor the weak Kleene interpretation of quantifiers suffices, but that a novel interpretation may do so.

Boro Sitnikovski

Using the programming language Haskell, we introduce an implementation of propositional calculus, number theory, and a simple imperative language that can evaluate arithmetic and boolean expressions. Finally, we provide an implementation of Hoare's logic which will allow us to deduce facts about programs without the need for a full evaluation.

J. Benthem