Hasil untuk "Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar"

Rodrigo Portari

Este artigo propõe a montagem como procedimento metodológico aplicável às pesquisas em comunicação, especialmente aquelas que lidam com visualidades, temporalidades e memória. A partir das contribuições de Aby Warburg e Georges Didi-Huberman, apresenta-se a montagem como uma forma de pensamento visual anacrônico, que se contrapõe à linearidade histórica e favorece leituras críticas e sensíveis dos produtos midiáticos. O texto discute a montagem como gesto interpretativo e político, exemplifica sua aplicabilidade a partir de pesquisas anteriores do autor, e problematiza seus limites enquanto método. Conclui-se que, ao operar pela justaposição e pela analogia, a montagem constitui-se como um dispositivo epistemológico capaz de revelar tensões, deslocamentos e resistências nas imagens que circulam no cotidiano midiático.

Mariana BALOŞESCU

The Romanian Camil Petrescu (1894-1957) and the Portuguese José Régio (1901-1969) are contemporary writers, representative of European interwar modernism. Without having known each other, they wrote exceptional novels (The Last Night of Love, The First Night of War; The Bed of Procrustes; Jogo da cabra-cega), where they in no way imitate Proustianism, but participate in the creation of the radical modernist spirit of European urban culture in the first part of the 20th century, precisely anticipating the major crisis of aestheticphilosophical modernity and its obvious failure in the current forms of posthumanism. It is particularly significant for all modernist novel thinking to observe in their novels the way in which they expressed the nihilism of their European generation. Both, in novels as different in narrative detail as they are similar in their ultimate messages, revealed, from pure artistic intuition, the anti-human energy of the humanisms of modernity. Camil Petrescu and José Régio start from Bergsonian theses and then from those of Husserl’s phenomenology – nuclear theses of the modernism of the time – but they do not remain anchored in them, but quickly come to see their limits, while they project, even through the prism of this philosophical meditation moved into the field of literature, another inner man than the Christian one, different or opposite to the pre-Christian one – Socratic or Platonic. Camil Petrescu and José Régio situate themselves, like the entire generation, in the middle of a serious philosophical-aesthetic contradiction, which best describes the crisis of artistic modernity in the first half of the 20th century. Camil Petrescu and José Régio are part of the generation of post-1919 Proustian writers decisively influenced by the Bergsonian position on the subject. Literature and philosophy are placed at the service, if not subordinated, of a unitary problematic, arising from psychology, affectivity, emotivity, sensation – therefore from the internal dynamics of the subject. As Bergson suggests as early as 1889, the social self – the exteriority of the subject – is seen only as a projection of the deep, interior self.

Amy Fitriani Siregar, Ananda Zalfa Firdaus, Agung Setiyawan et al.

Difficulties in learning Shorof for students are frequently found but the innovation of learning media utilization in this subject is quite rare. The article analyzed about how effective the use of flashcards media on Shorof subjects to support the quality of learning for junior high school students. The research was conducted with experimental quantitative methods, and the research design was a true experiment. The experimental class and the control class were chosen randomly in order to that students' abilities were equal. The samples of learning outcomes were obtained from 15 students who were randomly selected from the experimental and control classes with a total sample of 30 students. In collecting data, the tests and documentation were used, whereas data analysis was carried out with SPSS 26 through the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test because the data were normally distributed and not homogeneous. From this research, it was concluded that there were differences in the learning outcomes of the experimental and control classes after the treatment, which the experimental class got higher score than the control class with an average score of 93.3327:62.0520, which means that there was a positive impact of using flashcards on student learning outcomes evidenced by the Mann Whitney test of 0.000 < 0.05. Based on the valid test results, it was suggested that Shorof flashcards can be used in various institutions as Shorof learning subject in general to increase the learning methods more creative and innovative.

Marco Antonio Almeida Ruiz, Lígia Mara Boin Menossi de Araújo

Apresentamos uma análise representativa da relação entre a norma da língua e a norma do corpo feminino em rede social. Observamos o perfil da empresária Cíntia Chagas no Instagram, relacionando, por um lado, a língua, no âmbito profissional, a um modelo de sucesso e, por outro, seu corpo, na vida pessoal, a um padrão de beleza estigmatizado. Analisamos as cenografias criadas dessa relação com o digital e seus (d)efeitos diante das movências de sentidos quando atreladas às condições de sua emergência. Nossos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos inscrevem-se na análise do discurso francesa, sobretudo na noção de cenas da enunciação de Dominique Maingueneau.

Weronika Urbanik-Pęk

El presente capítulo tiende a describir los rasgos de la entonación declarativa neutra de la interlengua español hablado por polacos. Sigue la metodología del Análisis Melódico del Habla presentado en Cantero (2002) y expuesto más tarde en forma de protocolo en Cantero y Font-Rotchés (2009, 2020). El corpus está constituido por 100 enunciados espontáneos declarativos, emitidos por casi 30 informantes. Se han analizado todos los enunciados teniendo en cuenta sus tres partes fundamentales, el primer pico, el cuerpo y la inflexión final. Los resultados se pueden concluir de manera siguiente: la mayoría de los contornos carece del primer pico y los que lo tienen, suelen trasladarlo a la átona posterior. El cuerpo de la mayoría de los enunciados transcurre plano, o presenta un descenso permanente. La inflexión final suele ser plana y, en menor grado, es ascendente o descendente.

Masoud Fekri, Neda Fazeli

The novel "Kiss the Lovely Face of God" is one of the successful fiction works of recent years in Persian literature, which attracted the attention of Iranian readers and translators of other languages. Due to entering various social and cultural situations in the modern and urban areas of Iran, this novel contains many cultural components that challenge translators. Going through these cultural components requires exact interaction and familiarity with contemporary Iranian culture. This work was translated into Arabic twice in 2014. "Ivir" offers seven strategies for translating cultural elements, including borrowing, defining, literal translating, replacing, word-building, and deleting and adding. In this study, the performance of two translators of the novel "Kiss the Lovely Face of God" in the transfer of cultural elements based on "Ivir" approaches has been investigated. By analyzing and comparing the two translations, it is clear that the most used method is the replacing strategy, which is sometimes accompanied by defining and adding.

Vanesa Vázquez Novo

Zelda Fitzgerald has remained under Scott Fitzgerald’s shadow for too long. It was not until the seventies that scholars such as Nancy Milford started to focus on her life and works. Since then, interest in Zelda has done nothing but increase. Recent biographies, articles, and novels about Zelda represent the need to place her in the spotlight by focusing not only on her life and her tumultuous marriage to Scott Fitzgerald, but also on her artistic career as a writer, dancer, and painter. During her short life, Zelda tried to find her own voice, despite her husband’s opposition and her frequent hospitalizations in different mental institutions. This article seeks to explore Zelda’s growth from flapper to writer in order to highlight her self-determination to become a renowned and independent artist. 

Xiaohui Yuan

A lacuna in interpreting studies pertains to what constitutes an interpreter’s identities in social and sociopsychological contexts and how they operate, influencing the interpreter’s decision-making and behaviours at interpreting-facilitated events. In this research, two key symbolic interactionism frameworks, structural symbolic interactionism (SSI) and perceptual control theory, are drawn on to formulate a symbolic interactionist model of interpreter’s identity management (SIMIIM) with a view to investigating higher socio-structural and individual psychological influence on an interpreter’s identity management. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of a professional public service interpreter’s perceptions of her lived experience of interpreting and the sense of self is undertaken to illustrate the key elements of the model. Issues regarding moral identity, professional identity, social and communicative factors challenging the interpreter’s identity management, and impacts of identity nonverification on the interpreter’s wellbeing are discussed. Introducing symbolic interactionism to interpreting studies for the first time, it is hoped that this research will encourage further efforts to explore an interpreter’s identity management at social and individual levels, which is key to an informed understanding of the interpreter’s behaviour and of the issues of interpreting ethics in public service interpreting.

О. П. Штонь

Статтю присвячено з’ясуванню лінгвостилістичної специфіки порівнянь у портретному письмі Володимира Даниленка. зокрема в його романах та оповіданнях. Виявлено порівняння в жіночих і чоловічих фізичних та психологічних портретах, визначено специфіку суб’єктів досліджуваних компаративем.

Richard D. Brecht

The arc of a multilingual America is long, but it bends towards universal access. The 20th century has been characterized as “a graveyard for languages” (Rumbaut, 2009) in this country, as decades-long subjugation of non-English languages through educational, immigration, and government policies. I However, in the last two decades of that century, world events dealing with economic competitiveness and national security strengthened this nation’s growing awareness of languages, particularly the so-called LCTLs. Added to this was the decades-long struggle for recognizing and valuing the nation’s heritage languages, which helped broaden the concept of “less commonly taught language” and its attendant professional communities. Besides increasing LCTL awareness and visibility, these developments more importantly forged a coalescence or alliance among the languages that could no longer be ignored and that demanded a stronger voice in the national dialogue about the well-being of this nation.

Vahideh Abolhasanizadeh, Anis Masoumi

The purpose of the present study is to explore the process of vowel reduction in Kermani accent. The process of vowel reduction occurs in unstressed syllables which shifts vowels toward other vowels. In this study, 5 male and 5 female native speakers of Kermani accent, pronounced 24 words in 3 repetitions containing six simple vowels in stressed and unstressed syllables. The participants’ productions were recorded using Shure microphone and were analyzed using Praat software (Ver. 5.2.24). A text grid was made for each word. Then, duration, F1, F2 and F0 of vowels were measured and compared in stressed and unstressed syllables. Overall, the obtained results confirmed that the duration and F0 of vowels decreases in unstressed syllables and the amount of F1 of all the vowels and the F2 of the vowels [ɑ, e, o, u] have a tendency towards the F1 and F2 of /ǝ/. Results also indicated that the process of vowel reduction is centripetal in Kermani accent.

Cassiano Teixeira de Freitas Fagundes

No Brasil, representações de variedades linguísticas em textos literários estrangeiros tendem a ser traduzidas através de estratégias normalizadoras. Consequentemente, a função da variedade no texto de partida é perdida. Contudo, há hoje traduções que consideram a representação de elementos orais distintos da norma culta dos textos-fonte nos textos de chegada. Uma exceção à tendência é Ratos e Homens (2005), tradução de Ana Ban para Of Mice And Men (1937), de John Steinbeck. Examinaremos tal texto de chegada para identificarmos estratégias, descritas por Rosa (2012), que poderiam ser adotadas em um trabalho futuro: a tradução de um trecho de Bound For Glory (1943) de Woody Guthrie, que caracterize as variedades linguísticas deste texto de acordo com seu papel em seu contexto de origem. O livro não tem traduções publicadas para o Português até o presente momento. Baseamos nossa abordagem na noção descrita por Pascale Casanova (2002), de tradução como mediadora de intercâmbios culturais entre espaços literários dominantes e dominados. Nestes últimos, a autora observou a introdução da oralidade em suas literaturas como uma estratégia de aquisição de recursos literários.

Christiano Sanches do Valle Silva

Este artigo argumenta que, no âmbito de uma discussão multidisciplinar sobre poder e ideologia na prática da interpretação, diferentes tipos de fidelidade são construídos de acordo com influências do meio em que atuam os intérpretes, em interação com os valores que os informam no exercício de seu ofício. Neste trabalho, são abordadas questões de ética e de controle do discurso por parte do intérprete, com base em estudos de caso, colocando em perspectiva os limites de sua atividade e favorecendo o pensamento crítico sobre a profissão e os estudos acadêmicos que a têm como objeto.

Željko Pavić

Od svojega osnutka 1980. do danas Filozofska istraživanja potvrđuju se ne kao časopis u uobičajenom smislu riječi koji pripada nekoj školi ili nekom filozofijskom pokretu, već kao obuhvatni i vremenom krajnje razgranati »projekt«, koji od 1986. izdaje međunarodno izdanje Synthesis philosophica, od 1988. niz Biblioteka Filozofska istraživanja itd. Pritom su sve dosadašnje redakcije težile principima potpune otvorenosti, ideologijske i školi primjerene bespredrasudnosti, suradnje i potpunoga sporazumijevanja. Na tom su projektu surađivale gotove sve starije i mlađe generacije, što je stvorilo plodno i razumijevanjem ispunjeno tlo za suradnju najrazličitijih filozofijskih smjerova koji su danas, osim Filozofskoga fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, zastupljeni na novoosnovanim katedrama na Filozofski fakultet DI i Hrvatskim studijima u Zagrebu, u Rijeci, Splitu i Osijeku, pa su Filozofska istraživanja imala i snažnu odgojnu i samoodgojnu funkciju. U drugom dijelu ovoga priloga autor kroz sadržajnu analizu pojedinih, do br. 120 objavljenih tematskih blokova pokušava pokazati da zbilja nema nikoje filozofijske discipline ili one koja se tiče same filozofije koja nije bila uzeta u razmatranje u Filozofskim istraživanjima.

Renata Miranda Rodrigues

This work investigated the beliefs and the use of mother language in the teaching of English language. Cook (2001), Auerbach (1993), Atkinson (1987) suggest that the mother language should be used to facilitate the foreign language learning in a moderate way. This work had the objective of identifying the beliefs of students and teachers about the use of mother language and the circumstances in which it was used. This research was conducted through questionnaires, narratives, observation and recording classes. The results suggest that the mother language should be used as a last resource to assist the foreign language learning.<br>Neste trabalho investigaram-se as crenças e o uso da Língua Materna (LM) no ensino de Língua Inglesa (LI). Pesquisadores como Cook (2001), Auerbach (1993), Atkinson (1987) sugerem que a LM deve ser utilizada para facilitar a aprendizagem de LI, desde que de forma moderada. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as crenças de alunos e professores acerca do uso da LM e as circunstancias em que esta foi utilizada. Esta pesquisa foi feita através de questionários, narrativas, observação e gravação de aulas. Os resultados sugerem que a LM deve ser utilizada como último recurso, visando auxiliar a aprendizagem de LE.

Gregório F. Dantas

O presente artigo pretende apresentar alguns dos principais temas e procedimentos da prosa portuguesa contemporânea, produzida a partir de 1974. Entre os seus procedimentos mais evidentes estão o comentário metafi ccional e a obsessão com a História oficial do país, o que caracteriza uma ficção comprometida em questionar os seus limites de representação e reavaliar criticamente seu passado recente.

Alexandra Soares Rodrigues

Wildgen Wolfgang

Una correcta detenninación de la posición y evolución de los formantes del habla ayudaría enormemente a avanzar en diversos campos de la ciencia, como la fonética acústica o el reconocimiento y síntesis de la voz. Las características del método de Predicción Lineal (LPC) se adaptan de forma natural a la obtención de formantes, por lo que en este artículo se presentan resultados conseguidos partiendo de algoritmos propios diseñados tomando como base LPC. Los sonogramas habituales (basados en la Transfonnada de Fourier) reflejan peores resultados en la determinación de la posición y evolución de los formantes.

Jean Le Dû, Yves Le Berre