Hasil untuk "Information resources (General)"

Maryam Mirhashemi, Ali Shahnazari, Alireza Zarei Ghorkhodi

Extended Abstract Background: A broad understanding of the dimensions and elements of integrated management is necessary to achieve the effective management of water resources. According to the report of the Technical Committee of the Global Water Partnership, integrated management of water resources is a process that contributes to the protection, development, and coordinated exploitation of land water resources and other related resources to maximize economic and social well-being in an equitable manner without jeopardizing the stability of vital ecosystems. Achieving this goal requires providing the necessary tools to create the necessary infrastructure for the correct implementation of integrated management of water resources and achieving sustainable development goals. In this regard, the current research was conducted to identify the tools required for the integrated management of water resources to influence sustainable development. Methods: In the current descriptive-analytical research, information was collected through library studies and distribution of questionnaires. At first, the comprehensive concept of integrated management of water resources was chosen by reviewing different and varied international views and the results of world water meetings and conferences. Then, the principles, structure, challenges, and goals of integrated water resources management and the relationship with sustainable development were also examined by referring to international sources, such as World Bank reports, FAO documents and meetings, United Nations Development Program, documents related to the perspectives of the Technical Committee of the Global Water Partnership Program, documents of the United Nations Global Water Assessment Program, the United Nations 2030 document and also approved upstream documents, the water management of the country (including the macro water policies, the eighteen water policies of the country, the twenty-year vision document in the water sector, and the fourth development plan, documents and reports related to national and international conferences focusing on the integrated management of water resources and sustainable development, as well as the studies of researchers. To identify the tools needed for the integrated resource management approach to facilitate the sustainable development process, the effectiveness of four criteria, including 1) water resource protection and exploitation criteria, 2) policy making, 3) social, and 4) economic, on the implementation of the integrated water resources management approach in the Tajen catchment basin was evaluated by distributing 40 questionnaires among professors and students of the water engineering department at Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The questionnaire of the water engineering department of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences was validated after making corrections, and the final version was completed for distribution. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The questionnaire was compiled in such a way that there were 13 items and 5 subcategories for each component based on the Likert scale with numerical scores including very low (1), low (2), medium (3), high (4), and very high (5). The Cronbach's alpha obtained for the prepared questionnaires was equal to 0.891, which indicates the very good reliability of the prepared questionnaires. Finally, the effectiveness of each of these components in the implementation of the integrated water resources management approach was determined based on percentage by using the ratio of the total scores of each component to the number of distributed questionnaires. Results: Based on the evaluations, the component of protection and exploitation of water resources had the most effectiveness (60.64%) on the implementation of integrated management of water resources in the Tajen catchment basin. On the other hand, policy levers had the second priority (40.52%) of effectiveness, and socioeconomic sectors had the third (52.40%) and fourth (43.30%) priorities, respectively. According to the above-mentioned results, it can be realized that in the current situation and the water crisis, the protection and exploitation of water resources is one of the basic pillars of achieving integrated management of water resources and ease in achieving sustainable development in the region. On the other hand, the impact of other components cannot be ignored because the successful implementation of an integrated approach to water resources and achieving sustainable development depends on comprehensive attention to all managerial, economic, social, and environmental sectors. This is because these tools are complementary to each other and the disruption in the availability of each of them leads to limitations in achieving the goals and perspectives of sustainable development in a region. This also requires the creation of necessary infrastructure in different sectors. Conclusion: Factors such as population growth, economic development, and climate change have adversely affected the water resources of the Tajen catchment basin. Since goals such as sustainable water supply, ensuring public health, wastewater treatment, irrigation and drainage plans, and watershed protection cannot be properly implemented by taking temporary measures, the integrated management of water resources will ensure the continuous implementation of these goals. In general and according to the studies conducted in the current research, integrated management of water resources and sustainable development in the Tajen watershed and other areas are two inseparable components for the continued survival of a region. Therefore, providing the necessary infrastructure for this matter should be considered the main pillar of watershed management planning. This will not be possible except with the participation and coordination of all bodies, organizations, stakeholders, and users of water resources. The lack of a cooperative perspective is one of the biggest challenges in managing water resources and, consequently, achieving sustainable development. Therefore, the expansion of the participatory management approach in all dimensions related to water resources and achieving the goals of sustainable development can improve the current conditions and guarantee favorable future conditions to some extent.

Tong Li, Lizhen Cui, Yu Wu et al.

Grassland degradation presents overwhelming challenges to biodiversity, ecosystem services, and the socio-economic sustainability of dependent communities. However, a comprehensive synthesis of global knowledge on the frontiers and key areas of grassland degradation research has not been achieved due to the limitations of traditional scientometrics methods. The present synthesis of information employed BERTopic, an advanced natural language processing tool, to analyze the extensive ecological literature on grassland degradation. We compiled a dataset of 4,504 publications from the Web of Science core collection database and used it to evaluate the geographic distribution and temporal evolution of different grassland types and available knowledge on the subject. Our analysis identified key topics in the global grassland degradation research domain, including the effects of grassland degradation on ecosystem functions, grassland ecological restoration and biodiversity conservation, erosion processes and hydrological models in grasslands, and others. The BERTopic analysis significantly outperforms traditional methods in identifying complex and evolving topics in large datasets of literature. Compared to traditional scientometrics analysis, BERTopic provides a more comprehensive perspective on the research areas, revealing not only popular topics but also emerging research areas that traditional methods may overlook, although scientometrics offers more specificity and detail. Therefore, we argue for the simultaneous use of both approaches to achieve more systematic and comprehensive assessments of specific research areas. This study represents an emerging application of BERTopic algorithms in ecological research, particularly in the critical research focused on global grassland degradation. It also highlights the need for integrating advanced computational methods in ecological research in this era of data explosion. Tools like the BERTopic algorithm are essential for enhancing our understanding of complex environmental problems, and it marks an important stride towards more sophisticated, data-driven analysis in ecology.

Joana Andre Machuza-Matenga, Tamara de Souza Brandão Guaraldo, Juliana Colussi Ribeiro et al.

Esta pesquisa visa discutir os desafios e competências necessárias para o profissional da informação na mediação da informação com a geração Z. Para este trabalho realizou-se um estudo qualitativo- exploratório e uma pesquisa bibliográfica a partir de uma revisão sistemática da literatura na base de dados da BRAPCI. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que os desafios dos profissionais estão ligados ao domínio da tecnologia e Internet não só para a busca do conhecimento, mas sobretudo para potencializar a competência em informação e orientar os sujeitos informacionais na busca pela informação. Em relação às competências necessárias destacam-se as competências informacionais, tecnológicas, mediáticas e de relacionamento para que o profissional da informação possa realizar a mediação da informação, a partir do entendimento do processo da mediação que envolve a ação ativa tanto do profissional como do sujeito informacional.     

Jianwei Sun, Qingsong He, Haofeng Wang

Cellular Automaton (CA) is widely used because of its ability to simulate complex spatiotemporal dynamic processes through applying simple rules. The basis of the CA model is the definition of transformation rules. During a simulation process, the rules determine the change of the cell state. However, existing processing methods calculate the driving factors based on single-point time (start time or end time), making it difficult to reflect the fact that numerous driving factors affecting the cell conversion dynamically change with time. Based on the time dynamics perspective and the data set of multiple time series, this paper designs a method of dynamic adjustment of driving factors of urban expansion on the local cell-scale. It uses linear, exponential, logarithmic, and polynomial fitting to develop a CA model of dynamic adjustment that conforms to the characteristics of local spatial evolution. The main conclusions of the paper are as follows: (1) The polynomial fitting has the highest average R2, indicating that the driving factors experiences large fluctuations over time; (2) Secondly, the simulation result kappa obtained by the four fitting methods is between 0.781–0.810, which is higher than the simulation accuracy obtained by using only a single time point. In other words, the factor does not dynamically fit with time and (3) The fitting accuracy of road density is a key indicator of correct and incorrect simulation parts of construction land. Our results demonstrate that the precision of the CA model may be significantly improved by capturing the time development law of environmental variables affecting urban development at the micro-scale.

Philippe C. Baveye

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Yanwei Guan, Yongru Wu, Zheng Cao et al.

Mountain biodiversity is of great importance to biogeography and ecology. However, it is unclear what ecological and evolutionary processes best explain the generation and maintenance of its high levels of species diversity. In this study, we determined which of six common hypotheses (e.g., climate hypotheses, habitat heterogeneity hypothesis and island biogeography theory) best explain global patterns of species diversity in Rhododendron. We found that Rhododendron diversity patterns were most strongly explained by proxies of island biogeography theory (i.e., mountain area) and habitat heterogeneity (i.e., elevation range). When we examined other relationships important to island biogeography theory, we found that the planimetric area and the volume of mountains were positively correlated with the Rhododendron diversity, whereas the ‘mountains-to-mainland’ distance was negatively correlated with Rhododendron diversity and shared species. Our findings demonstrate that Rhododendron diversity can be explained by island biogeography theory and habitat heterogeneity, and mountains can be regarded as islands which supported island biogeography theory.

Mingxue Meng, Xiao Pu, Siqi Li et al.

Development of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) is sensitive to fluctuations of environmental conditions, while whether the sensitivity varies across the growth stages is still unclear. Based on a 5-year dataset collected from consecutive observations, this study examined the sensitivities of biomass and yield production of rainfed maize to root zone soil water, air temperature and shortwave radiation at four growth stages in the Sanjiang Plain of Northeastern China under sub-humid cool-temperate climates. The multiple linear regression model was employed to establish functional relations between biomass and yield production and significant explanatory variables. A Monte-Carlo simulation was used to test sensitivities of biomass and yield production to perturbation of a single significant explanatory variable or co-perturbation of multiple significant explanatory variables. Results showed that root zone soil water prevailed over air temperature and shortwave radiation in affecting rainfed maize development for the most time of the growing period. Biomass production was most sensitive to root zone soil water which had positive variance contributions of 70 – 100% at the early and late vegetative stages and a negative variance contribution of −99.4% at the early reproductive stage. Yield production was also sensitive to root zone soil water at the early reproductive stage with a 100% positive variance contribution. Biomass and yield production were most sensitive to air temperature at the late reproductive stage and the positive variance contributions of air temperature were 97.7 – 100%. Shortwave radiation negatively contributed to biomass production by −28.6% at the late vegetative stage. The findings of this study suggest that more attention could be paid to the most sensitive factor at different growth stages of rainfed maize for great biomass accumulation and high grain yield.

Heba Saadeh, Maha Saadeh, Wesam Almobaideen et al.

COVID-19 is a global pandemic that affected the everyday life activities of billions around the world. It is an unprecedented crisis that the modern world had never experienced before. It mainly affected the economic state and the health care system. The rapid and increasing number of infected patients overwhelmed the healthcare infrastructure, which causes high demand and, thus, shortage in the required staff members and medical resources. This shortage necessitates practical and ethical suggestions to guide clinicians and medical centers when allocating and reallocating scarce resources for and between COVID-19 patients. Many studies proposed a set of ethical principles that should be applied and implemented to address this problem. In this study, five different ethical principles based on the most commonly recommended principles and aligned with WHO guidelines and state-of-the-art practices proposed in the literature were identified, and recommendations for their applications were discussed. Furthermore, a recent study highlighted physicians' propensity to apply a combination of more than one ethical principle while prioritizing the medical resource allocation. Based on that, an ethical framework that is based on Fuzzy inference systems was proposed. The proposed framework's input is the identified ethical principles, and the output is a weighted value (per patient). This value can be used as a rank or a priority factor given to the patients based on their condition and other relevant information, like the severity of their disease status. The main idea of implementing fuzzy logic in the framework is to combine more than one principle when calculating the weighted value, hence mimicking what some physicians apply in practice. Moreover, the framework's rules are aligned with the identified ethical principles. This framework can help clinicians and guide them while making critical decisions to allocate/reallocate the limited medical resources during the current COVID-19 crisis and future similar pandemics.

H. J. Qiao, H. J. Qiao, X. Wan et al.

Real-time change detection and analysis of natural disasters is of great importance to emergency response and disaster rescue. Recently, a number of video satellites that can record the whole process of natural disasters have been launched. These satellites capture high resolution video image sequences and provide researchers with a large number of image frames, which allows for the implementation of a rapid disaster procedure change detection approach based on deep learning. In this paper, pixel change in image sequences is estimated by optical flow based on FlowNet 2.0 for quick change detection in natural disasters. Experiments are carried out by using image frames from Digital Globe WorldView in Indonesia Earthquake took place on Sept. 28, 2018. In order to test the efficiency of FlowNet 2.0 on natural disaster dataset, 7 state-of-the-art optical flow estimation methods are compared. The experimental results show that FlowNet 2.0 is not only robust to large displacements but small displacements in natural disaster dataset. Two evaluation indicators: Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Value are used to record the accuracy. For estimation error of RMSE, FlowNet 2.0 achieves 0.30 and 0.11 pixels in horizontal and vertical direction, respectively. The error in horizontal error is similar to other algorithms but the value in vertical direction is significantly lower than them. And the Mean Value are 1.50 and 0.09 pixels in horizontal and vertical direction, which are most close to the ground truth comparing to other algorithms. Combining the superiority of computing time, the paper proves that only the approach based on FlowNet 2.0 is able to achieve real-time change detection with higher accuracy in the case of natural disasters.

Sérgio Luis Dias Doliveira, Carlos Alberto Marçal Gonzaga, Simone Soares et al.

Este é um estudo do cenário da epidemia da COVID-19 no Brasil utilizando os instrumentos de análise da matriz SWOT. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com uso das bases de dados Web of Science, Science Direct e Scopus, o que resultou na análise completa de 17 artigos. Nos resultados são apontadas as forças, fraquezas, oportunidades e ameaças considerando o contexto particular. Essa análise permite uma avaliação holística do problema e pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento e direcionamento de estratégias para prevenção e controle da doença

منصوره صراطی شیرازی, فریده عصاره, عبدالحسین فرج پهلو

هدف: هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی ارتباط میان هم‌انتشاری دانشگاه و صنعت با تجاری‌سازی دانش در قالب اسپین‌‌آف در ایران می‌‌‌‌باشد. روش‌شناسی: این پژوهش با رویکرد علم‌سنجی و استفاده از روش پژوهش اسنادی، هم‌انتشاری صنعت و دانشگاه ایران را در پایگاه وب­آو ساینس در بازه زمانی 2010 تا 2014 محاسبه کرده و ارتباط آن را با اسپین‌آف‌هایی که توسط دانشگاه‌های ایران در دوره پنج‌ساله 1389 تا 1393 شکل گرفته‌اند مورد بررسی قرار داده است. به‌منظور بررسی این ارتباط، از روش آماری هم‌بستگی اسپیرمن استفاده شده است. یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از تحلیل آماری نشان داد که در تمامی این سال‌ها تعداد هم‌انتشاری دانشگاه‌های ایران با تعداد اسپین‌آف‌های برگزارشده توسط این دانشگاه‌ها ارتباطی قوی داشته است. به‌عبارت‌دیگر، هم‌‌انتشاری بیشتر، به شکل‌گیری اسپین‌آف‌های بیشتری منجر شده است. نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش،‌ می‌توان سیاست‌های پژوهشی را به‌گونه‌ای اتخاذ نمود که همکاری پژوهشی میان دانشگاه‌ها و بخش تحقیق و توسعه در صنایع، در قالب هم‌انتشاری افزایش یابد و از این طریق منجر به گسترش تجاری‌سازی دانش دانشگاهی گردد. پژوهش‌های مشترکی که سودآوری تجاری دارند، می‌توانند علاوه‌بر تقویت پیوند میان صنعت و دانشگاه، نیازهای شغلی هردو گروه را برآورده سازند. بر این اساس از طریق تمرکز بر پژوهش‌های مشترک، می‌توان به تجاری‌سازی دانش دست‌یافت.

Emanuele Dagnino

In today’s knowledge-based economy, increasing attention is given to data collection and analysis, for knowledge creation also rests upon information gathered from available data.The amount of data produced in productive and social contexts is significant, often making traditional data analysis techniques unsuitable. In this sense, new technologies might certainly help, making it possible to simultaneously process different data and extracting information from them, an approach that forms part of the so-called “big data” phenomenon.Operators in the digital and the traditional market have readily acknowledged the central role and the potential big data might have in economic terms, to the extent that the European Commission has argued that « [d]ata is at the centre of the future knowledge economy and society». Better and more detailed data analysis enables one to collect useful information helping decision making at both the institutional and managerial level. For this reason, employers are significantly investing, also economically, in this sector in order to make different decisions, including business policies, organisational and human resources aspects. The present paper will focus on this last aspect, namely the use of big data in human resource management, to look at the impact that the growing use of these practices will produce. While labour law literature in the US has already covered this theme, this paper wants to provide an overview of this topic by considering Italy’s case, particularly labour law legislation and that on personal data, therefore taking into account the recently-issued European General Data Protection Regulation.

Alisa Duran-Nelson, Sophia P Gladding, Jim Beattie et al.

Megan E. Dempsey, Heather Dalal, Lynee R. Dokus et al.

Given the prevalence of the Information Literacy Competency Standards in the library profession for the past 15 years, and the heated debate that took place regarding whether or not the Framework for Information Literacy and the Standards could harmoniously co-exist, the article raises questions about the future of information literacy in higher education. We do not necessarily have answers to these questions, but offer our own perspectives, some insight into how the Standards have served New Jersey academic librarians in the past, and how we envision using the Framework and the Standards together to further information literacy instruction at our institutions. Discussions of these questions have led us to the conclusion that the Framework and the Standards serve different purposes and have different intended audiences and are thus both valuable to the library profession.

Richard Hadden

William Godwin’s diary presents a range of difficulties to both researchers and editors. Compiled over a forty-eight year period, Godwin manages to record a tremendous amount of detail in the fewest possible words. This edition – the first time the diary text has been published – takes advantage of the digital medium to give researchers new ways to synthesise Godwin’s terse and codified records into coherent forms. The edition also includes vast amounts of secondary material, particularly a wealth of biographic information. At the same time, the lack of documentation and explicitly stated editorial methodology makes classification difficult: William Godwin’s Diary is an excellent historical resource that successfully exploits the digital medium, but falls short of meeting the criteria of a Scholarly Digital Edition as a work of textual scholarship.

Jonathan M. Spring

Ahmad Papi, Roghayeh Ghazavi, Salimeh Moradi

Introduction: Considering to needs of physicians to updated information for researching in medical science, therefore the existence of libraries with resources in different format is an essential point. On the other side, the medical community's understanding of these resources to achieve their main goal is undeniable, because the ultimate result of easy and urgent access to information is a warranty of public society health. This research aimed to determine physicians' awareness and usage of electronic resources in educational hospitals. Methods: The research method was descriptive - survey and the tools of data gathering was research made questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the study tools was confirmed by librarianship experts with 95 Percent. Statistical society was including all specialist and specialty physicians of educational hospitals of Isfahan University of medical science include 350 people and a mass of sampling with 180 members. The sampling way was random clustering. The type of statistical method was descriptive and appliqued software was 13th version of SPSS. Results: In investigation the rate of physicians needs for information in different cases, the most needs was 91.3 Percent for researching in their activity fields and to do daily schedule with 60.6 Percent is declared as minimum requirements. Physicians removal their information needs, used information resources and electronic resources in 65.4 Percent of cases as maximum option, and they have mentioned helping and conducting of foreigner specialists as minimum with 15.5 Percent. About the awareness of physicians from types of electronic information sources, the most knowledge was about Medline with 86.5 Percent and the lowest frequency was for Blackwell with 16.3 Percent. In determining the awareness of physicians of electronic information resources, most awareness was belonging E-journal with 43.3 Percent and the lowest amount was for Offline information resources with 13.8 Percent. Also in determining the use of electronic information resources with physicians, E-journal with 36 Percent as maximum and Offline Data Bank with 12.2 Percent as less option are used. The most important factor between effective factors for usage of physician from the electronic information resources, 61.5 Percent was related to lack of time and busy working, and the lowest factor which is non beneficial resource content has only been one mentioned. Conclusion: The results represented that information needs of physicians is respectively by following reasons: conducting research, preparing articles, gathering new and updated information, management of patient care, teaching, and finally for every day routines. Because of the importance of electronic information resources for physicians, it needs to introduce all aspects of this information resources and retrieval methods from related gateways to information societies of university. Key words: Information Resources; Physicians; Hospitals, Teaching; Electronic Information Resources.

E. Durfee, V. Lesser

Wei Zhao, K. Ramamritham, J. Stankovic

J. Tondeur, Martin Cooper, C. Newhouse