Hasil untuk "History"

P. Leser, G. Murdock

W. Riker

P. Harvey, T. Clutton‐Brock

P. Curtin

U. Merzbach, C. Boyer

N. Thin, M. Gadgil, R. Guha

Xiaofeng Su, Xiaoli Jiang, Anxin Xu

In China, the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy provides a broad stage for migrant workers to return home to start their own businesses. This study constructs a research framework of “competence – legitimacy – performance.” Through online and offline surveys, this study obtained 477 valid samples from new family farm entrepreneurs in Fujian province of China. By using structural equation model, this study explores the relationship between entrepreneurial competence and family farm entrepreneurial performance. The empirical analysis results show that all the five dimensions of family farm entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial competence, namely, opportunity recognition competence, network competence, resource acquisition competence, entrepreneurial learning competence, and improvisational competence have positive impacts on family farm entrepreneurial performance. And organizational legitimacy also has a positive impact on family farm entrepreneurial performance. In addition, the mediating effect of organizational legitimacy in opportunity recognition competence, network competence, resource acquisition competence, entrepreneurial learning competence, and family farm entrepreneurial performance are supported by data. However, organizational legitimacy does not play a significant mediating role in the relationship between improvisational competence and family farm entrepreneurial performance. The research findings provide some enlightenment and reflections to family farm entrepreneurs and policy-makers.

Oleg Vitalyevich Smirnov

This article substantiates the possibility of obtaining data on extinct Finno-Ugric languages of Central Russia through a formalized catalogue of substrate toponyms of Finno-Ugric origin within the historical Merya lands (HML). The key to etymologizing lexical facts within the local toponymic system, presumably left by the Merya and Muroma languages, lies in the identification of several dozen instances of geographical name calquing. This approach suggests that the study of the local substrate toponymic system is akin to deciphering the writing through existing bilinguals. The presumable calques provide the most reliable toponymic evidence for these extinct languages. Mapping these calques within the HML reveals a strong correlation with the locations of archaeological sites, which are thought to be left by the Merya in the late 1st to early 2nd millennium AD, indicating their time and history of origin. The recurrence and widespread nature of these cases reduce the probability of random matches to near zero. The number of toponymic bases involved in the calquing process exceeds 70 units. This is sufficient to perform primary observations on the phonetic and word-formation features of substrate lexical facts from the perspective of historical phonetics and historical lexicology of Finno-Ugric languages. The study revealed not only instances of Russian toponymic calques but also repeatedly occurring cases of calquing between different dialects (languages) of extinct Finno-Ugric ethnic groups. This alone indicates the presence of not one but several Finno-Ugric dialects (languages) in the HML territory before Russian settlement. The first part of the article demonstrates examples and the importance of detecting cases of calquing for the formation of an initial set of reliable etymologies. The second part will present an analysis of the phonetic and word-formation features of the identified linguistic facts of the extinct Finno-Ugric languages in the HML and their closest correspondences in the Finno-Volga languages.

Grzegorz Dąbrowski

This article was inspired by a paper written by Czesław Robotycki, which was entitled O banalizacji tekstów w etnografii [On the Trivialization of Texts in Ethnography]. According to Robotycki, the trivialization boils down to the disproportion between the tools used and the social and cultural reality they describe. This is particularly the case when authors resort to ready‑made and often identical interpretative clichés, usually theories that are popular at a given time. This article is, in a sense, an elaboration of Robotycki’s ideas, although its main aim is to provide key information and categories related to the understanding of the Buddhist concept of emptiness which, from the perspective of Buddhist thought, expresses the complexity of all phenomena while sensitizing us to the fact that every generalization, whether it is a single word or an elaborate theory, is at best a form of image of the reality described in this way.

D. H. Bennett, M. Kazin

Ao Lv, Guige Ouyang, Yongzhong Huang et al.

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) reasoning involves predicting future events based on historical information. However, due to the unpredictability of future events, this task is highly challenging. To address this issue, we propose a multi-scale hybrid architecture model based on ensemble learning, called RLGNet (Repeating-Local-Global History Network). Inspired by the application of multi-scale information in other fields, we introduce the concept of multi-scale information into TKG reasoning. Specifically, RLGNet captures and integrates different levels of historical information by combining modules that process information at various scales. The model comprises three modules: the Repeating History Module focuses on identifying repetitive patterns and trends in historical data, the Local History Module captures short-term changes and details, and the Global History Module provides a macro perspective on long-term changes. Additionally, to address the limitations of previous single-architecture models in generalizing across single-step and multi-step reasoning tasks, we adopted architectures based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) for the Local and Global History Modules, respectively. This hybrid architecture design enables the model to complement both multi-step and single-step reasoning capabilities. Finally, to address the issue of noise in TKGs, we adopt an ensemble learning strategy, combining the predictions of the three modules to reduce the impact of noise on the final prediction results. In the evaluation on six benchmark datasets, our approach generally outperforms existing TKG reasoning models in multi-step and single-step reasoning tasks.

Tianying Wang, Wenfei Zhang, Ying Wei

Utilizing natural history data as external control plays an important role in the clinical development of rare diseases, since placebo groups in double-blind randomization trials may not be available due to ethical reasons and low disease prevalence. This article proposed an innovative approach for utilizing natural history data to support rare disease clinical development by constructing reference centile charts. Due to the deterioration nature of certain rare diseases, the distributions of clinical endpoints can be age-dependent and have an absorbing state of zero, which can result in censored natural history data. Existing methods of reference centile charts can not be directly used in the censored natural history data. Therefore, we propose a new calibrated zero-inflated kernel quantile (ZIKQ) estimation to construct reference centile charts from censored natural history data. Using the application to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy drug development, we demonstrate that the reference centile charts using the ZIKQ method can be implemented to evaluate treatment efficacy and facilitate a more targeted patient enrollment in rare disease clinical development.

G. Schmale, E. Conrad, W. Raskind

E. Pérez

Livia Betz

This paper investigates rate-independent systems (RIS), where the dissipation functional depends not only on the rate but also on the history of the state. The latter is expressed in terms of an integral operator. We establish an existence result for the original problem and for the control thereof, without resorting to smallness assumptions. Under a smoothness condition, we prove the uniqueness of solutions to a certain class of history-dependent RIS where the subdifferential of the dissipation potential is an unbounded operator. In this context, we derive an essential estimate that opens the door to future research on the topic of optimization.

R. Ferreira D' Almeida

Roxana-Daniela PAUN

Distance doesn't separate people, silence does!" Artificial intelligence is a reality and it evolves every day, it simplifies life where it is used in the human’s interest, being already applied in many fields. Is there any risk of moving away from the noble goal of being at the service of the collective good and of being used against people to limit fundamental rights and freedoms? Is there any risk that the totalitarian society will re-establish itself, this time on a global level? The current study presents, in summary, a first analysis of the latest developments in this field, starting from the Chinese experience, as far as it is known and popularized regarding facial recognition made by artificial intelligence for monitoring citizens for the social credit system.

Said Abdirahman Ahmed, MD, Mesut Karataş, MD, Lütfi Öcal, MD et al.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is described as the intramural bleeding that separates the layers of an epicardial coronary artery wall, either with or without an intimal tear. Atherosclerosis, iatrogenic damage, or trauma are not linked to this syndrome. Here we present a 28-year-old male with 1 month history stroke but no any chronic disease as well family history of heart disease who presented with 2 days' duration of typical cardiac chest pain. Based on an emergency electrocardiogram that showed biphasic T-wave inversion with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, the patient was taken to the a  catheterization laboratory(cath-lab), with the result of spontaneous coronary artery dissection of the left anterior dissenting artery with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade 0 and normal of other vessels. Then we successfully did angioplasty, and the patient was discharged with aspirin 100 mg 1 × 1, clopidogrel 75 mg 1 × 1, and rivaroxaban 20 mg 1 × 1.

Claudio Berríos Cavieres

El presente trabajo da cuenta de la presencia del poeta César Vallejo en la revista Amauta (1926-1930), analizando los diferentes escritos allí presentes (poemas, cuento y ensayos). En primer lugar, se establece una reflexión en torno a las vanguardias latinoamericanas, como ejemplo renovador y propio de esta experiencia en el continente. En segundo lugar, se analizan algunos poemas y ensayos de Vallejo en Amauta en relación con la problemática de vanguardia y “nueva poesía” en América Latina. Por último, se analizan los dos últimos trabajos de Vallejo y cómo ellos se insertan en los debates y programas políticos dentro de Amauta.

Raúl Trujillo-Cabezas, J. Verdegay

The regional information program specializes in spatial development, economics, land and housing economics, sustainable planning, information management and marketing in the agriculture/food business. research and education in spatial economics, regional and development finance, spatial development and planning, urban and rural information, spatial analysis, Management Information Systems (MIS) of agricultural and food industries, e-Business, Information management and marketing in the food business. Students in the regional information program can study understand, analyze, and propose theories for urban and regional structures in terms of the regional and spatial economy and information systems. Students also learn to use diverse statistical and econometric tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Management Information Systems (MIS) for analyzing regional/agricultural information and food business.