Hasil untuk "Heat"

B. Linnhoff, J. R. Flower

H. Pelham

P. Sorger, H. Pelham

M. Roth, T. Oke, W. Emery

Seungmin Lee, D. Cahill

R. Morimoto, M. Santoro

E. Nollen, R. Morimoto

Hiroyuki Watanabe, J. Vriens, S. Suh et al.

We have compared activation by heat of TRPV4 channels, heterogeneously expressed in HEK293 cells, and endogenous channels in mouse aorta endothelium (MAEC). Increasing the temperature above 25 °C activated currents and increased [Ca2+] i in HEK293 cells transfected with TRPV4 and in MAEC. When compared with activation of TRPV4 currents by the selective ligand 4αPDD (α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate), heat-activated currents in both systems showed the typical biophysical properties of currents through TRPV4, including their single channel conductance. Deletion of the three N-terminal ankyrin binding domains of TRPV4 abolished current activation cells by heat in HEK293. In inside-out patches, TRPV4 could not be activated by heat but still responded to the ligand 4αPDD. In MAEC, the same channel is activated under identical conditions as in the HEK expression system. Our data indicate that TRPV4 is a functional temperature-sensing channel in native endothelium, that is likely involved in temperature-dependent Ca2+ signaling. The failure to activate TRPV4 channels by heat in inside-out patches, which responded to 4αPDD, may indicate that heat activation depends on the presence of an endogenous ligand, which is missing in inside-out patches.

Niladri Basu, A. Todgham, P. Ackerman et al.

J. Voogt

Chang-Xiao Shi, Shun-Ran Yang, Ying-Qi Li et al.

<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (SC) can be incorporated into ruminant diets as a postbiotic product. This study aimed to explore the effects of supplementing different levels of SC in the diets of mid-fattening Angus steers under heat stress conditions. A total of twenty-seven steers were randomly allocated into 3 groups: control, 30 g SC addition and 60 g SC addition groups. After a 7-day adaptation period followed by a 120-day experimental period, including respiratory rate, rectal temperature, growth performance, apparent digestibility of nutrients, rumen fermentation parameters, urine metabolites, serum biochemistry and antioxidant were measured. The results showed that the rectal temperature and respiratory rate of cattle decreased upon the addition of SC during heat stress. Meanwhile, the growth performance of cattle was improved in the 30 g SC addition group. The serum energy metabolism related indexes, such as non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, and β-hydroxybutyric acid, were altered. Additionally, the activity of catalase was significantly enhanced with the addition of SC. Overall, the addition of SC to the diets of mid-fattening Angus steer did not negatively affect rumen fermentation and nutrient apparent digestibility. Instead, it was capable of improving physiological performance under heat stress by modifying the energy metabolism and augmenting antioxidant capacity, which ultimately led to an improvement in growth performance. In conclusion, the most suitable level of SC to be added to the diet of mid-fattening Angus steers is 30 g/steer/d.

Robert Kamphof, Rob G H H Nelissen, Giuseppe Cama et al.

Prosthetic joint infection after joint arthroplasty has serious consequences for patients. Finding new treatments against prosthesis infection is increasingly urgent due to the growing number of prosthetic joints and increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. This study investigates the feasibility of non-contact induction heating to supplement debridement, antibiotics and implant retention using an implant model. Upper temperature limits for induction heating treatment are established, based on the presence or absence of biomaterials commonly associated with joint replacement implants. Titanium grade 5 coupons were heated using an induction device to 50, 70 and 90°C. Heat transfer through poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement and hydroxyapatite coatings was studied, with poly(acrylic acid) gel phantoms serving as tissue mimic. Thermal doses delivered at the biomaterial-gel interface were quantified. Thermographic images supported the findings. Thermal doses (CEM43) were calculated to estimate damage to human bone tissue. Safe induction temperatures vary by implant configuration. Cemented implants can be heated up to 70-80°C without risk of mechanical failure or patient harm, depending on the thickness of the cement mantle. For uncemented and hydroxyapatite-coated implants, the temperature limit is 50°C. Since temperatures were measured at the metal-biomaterial interface, higher temperatures could be safe for implant sections farther away from the bone. Thus, non-contact induction heating is a safe treatment strategy for prosthetic joint infection in both modalities.

L. A. Sonna, J. Fujita, S. Gaffin et al.

D. Kamdem, A. Pizzi, A. Jermannaud

W. Qu, I. Mudawar

Jan Slováček, Šárka Nedomová, Markéta Janík Piechowiczová et al.

The aim of the study was to define and compare the quality properties of dry-cured heat-treated meat products from the meat of free-living semi-aquatic wildlife species. Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) and nutria (Myocastor coypus) are wild animals whose presence in the countryside is regulated in the Czech Republic. Basic chemical, microbiological, sensory analyses, and instrumental measurements of the colour and texture of dry-cured sausages (pork, as a control group with 51% lean pork and experimental groups with 51% lean beaver and nutria meat in fresh state) were performed. There were no statistically significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) in microbiological counts per gram between the sausage groups according to the meat used after 3 weeks of storage. In the sensory analysis, beaver sausages were rated as the darkest and least attractive (P &lt; 0.05). The data obtained using the Meullenet-Owens Razor Shear (MORS) test did not show a statistically significant difference (P &gt; 0.05). However, a significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) was measured between the beaver product and the pork and nutria variants using the compression method.

Vidur Mithal, Jana Sillmann, Jakob Zscheischler

Temperature-induced disasters lead to major human and economic damage, but the relationship between their climatic drivers and impacts is difficult to quantify. In part, this is due to a lack of data with suitable resolution, scale and coverage on impacts and disaster occurrence. Here, we address this gap using new datasets on subnational sector-disaggregated economic productivity and geo-coded disaster locations to quantify the role of climatic hazards on economic impacts of temperature-induced disasters at a subnational scale. Using a regression-based approach, we find that the regional economic impacts of heat-related disasters are most strongly linked to the daily maximum temperature (TXx) index. This effect is largest in the agricultural sector (6.37% regional growth rate reduction per standard deviation increase in TXx anomaly), being almost twice as strong as in the manufacturing sector (3.98%), service sector (3.64%), and whole economy (3.64%). We also highlight the role of compound climatic hazards in worsening impacts, showing that in the agriculture sector, compound hot-and-dry conditions amplify the impacts of heat-related disasters on growth rates by a factor of two. In contrast, in the service and manufacturing sectors, stronger impacts are found to be associated with compound hot and wet conditions. These findings present a first step in understanding the relationship between temperature-related hazards and regional economic impacts using a multi-event database, and highlight the need for further research to better understand the complex mechanisms including compound effects underlying these impacts across sectors.

Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa, Ewelina Stefanowicz, Agnieszka Chmielewska et al.

This paper presents the results of measuring and calculating the final energy consumption for heating and domestic hot water preparation in six apartments located in pre-war tenement houses in Wroclaw (Poland). The calculations were carried out based on energy models of dwellings calibrated with measurement data. Calculation variants were characterized by seven internal parameters (indoor air temperature, heat transfer coefficient by transmission through the internal partition, internal heat gains, air exchange multiplicity in the dwelling, domestic hot water consumption, and domestic hot water temperature and cold water temperature) and two external parameters (outdoor air temperature and insolation). By comparing calculations with measurements, the energy performance gap (EPG) values associated with each parameter were determined. The presented results indicate how much of the differences could be attributed to weather conditions and how much to other factors. It is quite common for the influence of some factors to cancel out the influence of others. Identifying and understanding the real causes of the energy gap may allow for the proposal of better retrofitting solutions or appropriate financial support to households at risk of energy poverty. It is important to note that only in-depth interviews with residents and measurements, such as those carried out in this case, allow such situations to be identified in detail.

Zhu Lingkai, Zheng Wei, Wang Qian et al.

In the traditional drainage system of low pressure heater of thermal power unit, the measuring point of drain pump is usually added to directly measure the water and steam flow of low pressure heater of drain pump with instruments. This method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the measurement results are affected by many environmental factors. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an automatic calculation method based on the principle of heat balance.

Giulia Mazzari, Christopher A. Lowry, Dominik Langgartner et al.

Chronic psychosocial stress is a burden of modern society and poses a clear risk factor for a plethora of somatic and affective disorders, of which most are associated with an activated immune status and chronic low-grade inflammation. Preclinical and clinical studies further suggest that a failure in immunoregulation promotes an over-reaction of the inflammatory stress response and, thus, predisposes an individual to the development of stress-related disorders. Therefore, all genetic (i.e., sex) and environmental (i.e., early life adversity; ELA) factors facilitating an adult's inflammatory stress response are likely to increase their stress vulnerability.In the present study we investigated whether repeated subcutaneous (s.c.) administrations with a heat-killed preparation of Mycobacterium vaccae (M. vaccae; National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC) 11659), an abundant soil saprophyte with immunoregulatory properties, are protective against negative behavioral, immunological and physiological consequences of ELA alone or of ELA followed by chronic psychosocial stress during adulthood (CAS) in male and female mice. ELA was induced by the maternal separation (MS) paradigm, CAS was induced by 19 days of chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) in males and by a 7-week exposure to the social instability paradigm (SIP) in females.Our data indicate that ELA effects in both sexes, although relatively mild, were to a great extent prevented by subsequent s.c. M. vaccae administrations. Moreover, although the use of different paradigms for males and females impedes a direct comparison, male mice seemed to be more susceptible to CAS than females, with only females benefitting slightly from the stress protective effects of s.c. M. vaccae administrations when given prior to CAS alone. Finally, our data support the hypothesis that female mice are more vulnerable to the additive effects of ELA and CAS than male mice and that s.c. M. vaccae administrations subsequent to ELA but prior to CAS are protective in both sexes.Taken together and considering the limitation that CAS in males and females was induced by different paradigms, our findings are consistent with the hypotheses that murine stress vulnerability during different phases of life is strongly sex dependent and that developing immunoregulatory approaches, such as repeated s.c. administrations with immunoregulatory microorganisms, have potential for prevention/treatment of stress-related disorders.