Hasil untuk "Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology"

Gabriela Sica

A partir de un relato oral sobre la historia de Casabindo y la construcción de su iglesia, el artículo explora en diversas fuentes un derrotero posible de las tierras comunales de Casabindo y Cochinoca desde el Siglo XVII hasta el XIX. Proceso estudiado ampliamente por la historiografía, pero al que se intenta aportar nuevos datos, especialmente los referidos a la ubicación y extensión de estas tierras, su relación con las cofradías y posibles estrategias de los antiguos comuneros para no perderlas en la primera mitad del siglo XIX.

Szymon Lenarczyk, Zofia Kowarska

The paper presents preliminary results of the archaeological research conducted in quarter 1 at the Jewish Cemetery at 49/51 Okopowa Street in Wola in Warsaw in the years 2020-2021, which was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the Rabbinical Commission for Jewish Cemeteries in Poland, as well as respect for tradition and halakhic law. The results of archaeological work contribute to a better understanding of the history of the entire Warsaw necropolis from the time of its foundation, with a particular emphasis on the late 19th and early 20th century, to the times of the battles fought at the necropolis during World War II.

T. Ballantyne

ABSTRACT Education was a crucial transfer point within modern imperial projects; it was a key domain through which relationships between the state, religious institutions, various agents of reform, and Indigenous, colonised and enslaved peoples were negotiated. Exploring a range of case studies, this article highlights the multiple trajectories of colonial education in the modern British empire and the Pacific region, charting both continuities and moments of change, commonalities and divergences. Particular emphasis is placed on the centrality of evangelicalism in fashioning strong connections between education and social reform, both within the project of empire and in a range of indigenous social reform and anti-colonial movements. Within this context, the article also highlights the strong interplay between education and the construction of cultural difference, including through the changing shape of ethnological and anthropological knowledge. Exploring these questions, it is suggested, opens up fundamental questions about empire, colonialism and modernity itself.

Jijiao Zhang, Yue Wu

AbstractThis paper starts with the four factors that affect Chinese anthropology and ethnology: the Soviet school of ethnology, Marxist ethnology, Western anthropological and ethnological theories, and Chinese experience and theory (government policies and scholar explorations). Based on the influence of foreign theories and the theoretical exploration of local efforts, this paper points out the transformations in Chinese anthropology and ethnology and its research characteristics in different periods. Since the reform and opening up in 1978, Chinese anthropological and ethnological studies have seen the constant expansion of study fields, increasing diversity of study contents, and the introduction of foreign theories and the exploration in Chinese theories in each stage. This shows that China has gradually explored the theoretical research course suitable for its own. The development course and transformations of Chinese anthropological and ethnological theories can be divided into the following three stages: the introduction of foreign theories and reconstruction of Chinese anthropology and ethnology (1978 to 1990), the orientation of Chinese issues and the verification of foreign theories (1990 to 2000), and the establishment of the Chinese School and its increasing international influence (since 2000).

Jasna Vuković

Building upon the idea of Douglass Bailey (1994) that prehistoric figurines represent actual individuals, it is suggested here that their makers represented people in the manner they perceived them, following the role models familiar from their own society. This further implies that, on the grounds of certain indicators, it may be possible to identify social differences depending on the age, sex/gender, and possibly other modes of inequality. An attempt is made here to define the criteria identifying the markers – indicators of inequality, such as: representations of hair style and jewellery, size of figurines, as well as the correlation between these indicators and the details on the figurines’ bodies pointing to their sex/gender or age. In the assemblage from the site Pavlovac-Čukar, the correlation has been established between the representations ascribed as male and massive bangle bracelets and belts, indicating that adult male individuals of higher status were marked out by the number of bangles and the way of wearing the belt. A similar suggestion is proposed concerning the large-size figurines, marked with incisions perhaps representing tattoo marks, with looser breasts, indicating the possibility that older women obtained higher social status than the young ones. It is worth noting that in the case of the Vinča figurines little attention is paid to the representation of hair style, although it has been established that in the preindustrial societies, hair is an important indicator of social status, even more than jewellery. Hair length, specific hair styles, as well as various ornaments placed here, indicate sex/gender and social differences, various group and individual identities, as well as aesthetic ideas. Two heads from Čukar, as well as the one from Predionica, perform specific hair styles – hair shorter, reaching just below ears, and the crown is shaven. Bearing in mind that these figurines may show portrait characteristics, it may be suggested that these individuals may have achieved higher social status.

KHAYRULLIN Timur Radikovich

The article presents the results of a historiographical review of foreign scientific literature on the nature of Islamism in the 21st century. An important role in the foreign discourse of the 21st century was played by the study of the radical component in Islamism, which has various modifications and shades. In addition to studying radicalism and studying the issue of the social base of Islamism, special attention is paid to its political features and definition. The events of the Arab Spring led to speculation about another «decline of Islamism». According to foreign scholars, Islamism failed to achieve the main goal of building an Islamic state in the shortest possible time and underwent revision, resulting in more liberal post–Islamist ideas. There is an attempt to systematize the accumulated knowledge about Islamist ideology.

Edgar Guerra

A partir de las premisas teóricas “pedagogías y mediaciones de la violencia”, el artículo describe y sistematiza los discursos que legitiman ciertas formas de violencia social y criminal en la región de Tierra Caliente, Michoacán; analiza el caso de Los Caballeros Templarios para preguntarse qué tipo de mediaciones discursivas permitían legitimar ciertas formas de violencia criminal. Su carácter es exploratorio y descriptivo y se basa en evidencia empírica construida a partir de un extenso trabajo de campo, cuyos resultados aportan algunas líneas de trabajo para proseguir con la búsqueda de los mecanismos reproductores de la violencia en el orden criminal.

Mykola Bekh

Monographic studies at the local level (of the street, village, town, district) are gaining popularity in the conditions of deep social transformations in the Ukrainian village. The Ukrainian village of the early 21st century is going through a period of changes. The social and common features and their household specific character have not been formed yet. That’s why the local studies are relevant and effective at this stage. As a result of this fact the study of the experience of previous generations of Ukrainian and European scientists (representatives of various social disciplines and humanities) can be useful in shaping the program and methodological approaches for modern researchers of the Ukrainian countryside. It is emphasized in the article that during the 1920s and 1930s versatile local monographic studies have been conducted independently in various countries (the USA, Poland, Hungary, Romania). Ukrainian ethnologists have faced the urgent problem of studying and understanding the cultural and everyday features of various local groups of population and identifying complex links between them at the regional and national levels. Peculiar attention is paid to the activities of ethnographic centers of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (Ethnographic Commission, Khvedir Vovk Museum (Cabinet) of Anthropology and Ethnology, etc.). These are just its members who have substantiated and used the method of stationary study of the local areas as the leading one in their research work. The permanent method of field ethnography, being the main one in the process of collection and systematization of factual material for monographic study, is analyzed. It is proved that the local monographic studies have become especially popular in the 1920s and 1930s, in the period of social and political changes of a global scale. The local monograph is especially important and effective in the critical periods or after them. Permanent ethnography allows to determine the qualitative characteristics of the object of study, to develop the main parameters of subsequent mass research. The micro-approach program in choosing the object of study and identifying the relationships between different phenomena (nature, economy, culture, etc.), the confidence that the local approach will enable better understanding of the features of such relationships are common for the researchers of the local groups.

Marco Frenschkowski

The emergence of Religious Studies, or “the science of religion”, as it used to be called in Great Britain, in the late 19th century is accompanied by a competition with other discourses interpreting religion. The present article (abridgment of a longer study) analyses the social and cultural place of Victorian and Edwardian Religious Studies as a project only partially existing in a University context, but mainly in learned societies, as the Folklore Society, and promulgated by scholars with a predominantly non-theological background. As such Religious Studies were both influenced by and competing with occult and esoteric groups interpreting religion and searching for a basic unity of religions as first of all the Theosophical Society, but also by and with other groups. 1 The Emergence of a New Science of Religion in Great Britain: Introductory Remarks How do new sciences come into being? “We are all, we who work at these topics, engaged in science, the science of man, or rather we are painfully labouring to lay the foundations of that science“, Andrew Lang says in the same year that Queen Victoria died. Now the Scottish writer Andrew Lang (1844–1912) during his lifetime had been a perhaps even more well-known scholar of folklore, folktales, magic, religion and tradition in a more general way than even Sir James George Frazer (1854–1941) who today is most often seen as the acme of late Victorian and Edwardian scholarship on these subjects, both being Scotsmen and late descendants of Scottish Enlichtenment, as it happens. Both had also been (in a respectful way) opponents, and both embody the different poles of scholarship on religion in late Victorian England. 1 This is a very much abridged version of a study which for space constraints could not be published in this volume, with most documentation left out, which should appear at some other occasion. 2 Andrew Lang, Magic and Religion (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1901), 9. Open Access. ©2021 Marco Frenschkowski, published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110664270-003 The Victorian and Edwardian Ages in Great Britain have seen the birth of quite a number of new scientific approaches, culminating of course in Darwinism that quickly changed so many outlooks and created a new profile of the whole age. Edward Clodd (1840–1930), a scholar on the anthropological lines of E. B. Tylor, biographer of Charles Darwin, Thomas Huxley and Herbert Spencer, wrote in 1891: Thus, the study of myth is nothing less than the study of the mental and spiritual history of mankind. It is a branch of that larger, vaster science of evolution which so occupies our thoughts to-day [. . .]. The evidence which it brings from the living and dead mythologies of every race is in accord with that furnished by their more tangible relics, that the history of mankind is a history of slow but sure advance from a lower to a higher; of ascent, although with oft backslidings. It confirms a momentous canon of modern science, that the laws of evolution in the spiritual world are as determinable as they are in the physical. [. . .] With the theory of evolution in our hands as the master-key, the immense array of facts that seemed to lie unrelated and discrete are seen to be interrelated and in necessary dependence. This is a telling passage, expressed by a scholar both deeply sceptical about religion and deeply interested in it, as might also be said about Frazer. Evolution became a basic paradigm: for biology as for cultural anthropology, for history and philosophy, for religion as well as – we may add – for occultism and other forms of rejected knowledge (to use the term of James Webb). During the second half of the nineteenth century the colonial age had reached a critical stage. British society realized that at least some of the countries which were part of the Empire did not simply exhibit inferior cultures, and especially India had as much to give as it had to take from Europe. The drive to re-organize the world according to British standards also allowed for a new fascination with the sheer otherness of the cultures encountered. This colonial experience coincided with a new look at oneʼs own cultural background. Traditional agrarian society perceived from an industrial and urban setting suddenly seemed as strange as a far-away foreign country. What soldiers, merchants, administrators and missionaries encountered in the colonial situation somehow gave a new meaning to their own folktales and folklore at home. This complex development contributed to the science of religion, defining its ideological background, and its deep connectedness to ethnology and folklore studies. A new science always will cover aspects of discovery as well as of conquest, of curiosity and of fascination, but also of taking possession, even of invading a 3 Edward Clodd,Myths and Dreams (London: Chatto & Windus, 1891), 139. 4 James Webb, Die Flucht vor der Vernunft. Politik, Kultur und Okkultismus im 19. Jahrhundert, ed. Marco Frenschkowski and Michael Siefener, trans. Michael Siefener (Wiesbaden: Marixverlag, 2009). The Science of Religion, Folklore Studies, and the Occult Field in Great Britain 45

Mª Dolores Palazón Botella, José Antonio Molina Gómez

El cementerio Nuestro Padre Jesús de Murcia atesora una tumba de hierro única, impulsada por Francisco Peña Vaquero, un industrial propietario de una de las fundiciones más importantes de la Murcia en el cruce de los siglos XIX y XX, para el que el trabajo lo era todo. Sobre ese material se proyectaría un programa iconográfico que combina elementos tradicionales del mundo de la muerte con un repertorio centrado en los propios útiles de su actividad profesional. La suma de todo ello daría como resultado un catafalco desde el que se proclamaban los ideales de la resurrección cristiana a partir del esfuerzo laboral desarrollado durante la vida. Analizar estos aspectos y vincularlos con los aportes económicos y funerarios de su contexto nos dará las pautas para abordar el análisis de su significado.

Elena Mazzetto

Este artículo propone un acercamiento a las funciones desempeñadas por enanos y jorobados en la sociedad mexica y, en particular, en la vida palaciega del soberano. En primer lugar, el trabajo pretende estudiar estos personajes a través de sus papeles cotidianos, como emisarios y confidentes del tlatoani. Sucesivamente, el estudio se centrará en las actividades de entretenimiento puestas en escena por estos individuos, mismas que abarcaban desde la música y danza hasta la acrobacia. Otro tema que se analizará será el sacrificio de enanos y jorobados para acompañar al soberano difunto en el más allá y en caso de sequía o eclipse solar. A través de la información rastreada en las fuentes documentales del siglo XVI, el artículo proporciona nuevas pistas interpretativas para comprender la importancia de estos personajes en la sociedad nahua prehispánica.

Elsa Mary Jacob, Arya Chandran L, Dr.Abraham Francis

Nipah virus, the consecutive 2018 and 2019 floods, the internal social, economic, and political struggles have had a significant impact on the lives of people in Kerala, India.   While the state of Kerala was trying to get back to some form of stability, Covid-19 slams into, in an unprecedented way, drastically disrupting the lives of many. It has shaken the interconnectedness and interdependence of families and placed communities in a state of fear, anxiety, and uncertainty. This article is about the vulnerabilities, experiences, voices, and untold stories of courage and resilience among people in Kerala. Authors present a reflective analysis of the multidimensional impact of Covid-19 on the ordinary lives of the people of Kerala.  The deleterious impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the entire humanity reckons the attention of governments, economists, educators, social scientists, medical and allied professionals, including social workers, to make concerted efforts to preserve and promote human well-being. Taking into consideration the structural inequalities in society, the present paper utilises a critical social work theoretical lens to analyse how it has impacted the well-being of people, especially the marginalised and vulnerable communities in Kerala.

Sophie Mathieu, Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay

Research Framework: The consensus established around the exceptionalism of Quebec family policy conceals certain issues and challenges related to the accessibility and availability of support measures for families.Objectives: Our objective is to propose a reflection on the universal character often attributed to Quebec family policy by documenting the evolution of the architecture of the three main measures of support to families since 1997, namely child care services, parental leave, and cash benefits.Methodology: The analysis is based on a systematic review of archives, government documents, and scientific research on the evolution and transformation of Quebec family policy. The starting point for the analysis is the examination of the White Paper Nouvelles dispositions de la politique familiale: les enfants au cœur de nos choix. Results: Despite its social democratic leanings, Quebec’s family policy is not universal as a whole and not all families are equal in the support they receive from the State. We show the historical existence of four childcare regimes, defined by the nature of the services being offered, their costs, and the possibility of having access to them. We also show that the architecture of the Quebec Parental Insurance Plan does not allow every parent to qualify to receive parental benefits. Finally, we show that while all families have received cash benefits since 2005, the amount of these benefits has varied by income.Conclusions: Although Quebec offers a generous family policy, the province is not entirely immune to the characteristics of the Canadian liberal welfare regime.Contribution: The article contributes to the reflection on the idea of Quebec having a universal family policy.

Katarzyna Maniak

R. Ginkel

N. Mazalova

This article analyses the Neva River mythologeme, its role and place in St. Petersburg mythology. The author dwells on the importance of the Neva River as a symbol of St. Petersburg, being a significant element of modern urban mythology. As a method of field research, the author applied the experimental method of social anthropology and ethnology aimed to test the hypothesis made.  In addition, the systematic method was used to study the Neva River mythologeme in order to reveal the connections within the complex system of St. Petersburg mythology. According to the principles of anthropocentrism, the Neva, as any river or water in mythology, represents the feminine; moreover, it is considered as an artery, a key element of a living organism, which is the city. In addition, the Neva has a mythological meaning of the centre. The author concludes that the Neva River mythologeme correlates with such important concepts of culture as water and river and has many of their characteristics. The Neva is also endowed with the meaning of the border. Using the example of the Neva River, the paper shows the specificity of St. Petersburg mythology: the dualism of nature and culture. The author notes that St. Petersburg mythology is characterized by the following: an object of nature begins to be perceived as a cultural object (the Neva as the main avenue) and a cultural object is perceived as a natural object (Nevsky Avenue as a tributary of the Neva). The article proves that it is the Neva River mythologeme that represents two main St. Petersburg myths: the creation myth and the eschatological myth. Therefore, the Neva can be considered as one of the symbols forming St. Petersburg identity.

Helena Ostrowicka

Tekst jest efektem ukierunkowanego odczytania książki zredagowanej przez Marka Czyżewskiego, Michała Otrockiego, Tomasza Piekota i Jerzego Stachowiaka pt. Analiza dyskursu publicznego. Przegląd metod i perspektyw badawczych na tle rozważań o potrzebie rozwijania problematyzującej kultury badawczej. W kontekście innych prac z zakresu metodologii badań nad dyskursem, autorka eseju koncentruje się na dydaktycznej użyteczności publikacji, mapując wybrane elementy wiedzy metodologicznej. Szczególnie dużo miejsca poświęca problematyce i modelom analitycznym w badaniach nad dyskursem publicznym oraz identyfikacji celów i przedmiotów zainteresowań charakterystycznych dla zaprezentowanych w książce perspektyw badawczych.

José Miguel Nieto Olivar

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa antropológica sobre gênero e territórios de fronteira conduzida desde 2010 na Amazônia brasileira. Aqui me aproximo da violência através de uma análise das relações entre “indígenas” e “brancos” no enquadramento da construção de uma cidade amazônica, como expressões de políticas corporais (neo)coloniais. Focando na perspectiva de mulheres indígenas que habitam a cidade, presto atenção a seus envolvimentos conjugais, sexuais e econômicos com o “mundo dos brancos” (incluídos os corpos, a cidade e o Estado). Estes envolvimentos são entendidos em termos de agenciamentos indígenas e generificados: a capacidade dessas jovens de lidar com, resistir, sofrer e se apropriar dos bens, dos presentes e dos corpos do projeto colonial.

Agnieszka Kowalska

Śródmieście Gdańska, składające się z obszarów historycznych, zostało poważnie zniszczone podczas II wojny światowej. Krótko po wojnie, w latach 40. powstały pierwsze koncepcje konserwatorskie dla jednej z reprezentatywniejszych dzielnic - dzisiejszego Głównego Miasta. Projekt urbanistyczny obejmował dokładną historyczną rekonstrukcję wszystkich obiektów publicznych i dobrze udokumentowanych budynki mieszkalnych. Pozostałe budynki zaplanowano w historyczny - pośredniowieczny sposób. W innych obszarach śródmiejskich zaprojektowano wyłącznie obiekty użyteczności publicznej w ramach koncepcji historycznej, a budownictwo mieszkaniowe i sklepy - zgodnie z najnowszymi (powojennymi) ideami. W centrum Śródmieścia znajduje się Wyspa Spichrzów z zachowanymi spichlerzami i magazynami. W latach 2012-2014 zatwierdzono nowe projekty obszaru Wyspy. W jej niektórych częściach, na przykład w północnej części, proces wciąż trwa. Nowa koncepcja architektoniczna, którą planuje się zastosować w przypadku spichlerzy Daleka Droga, Arka Noego, Czarny Kogut i Kuźnia zakłada nadbudowy nad historycznymi pozostałościami. Rozważane są dwa sposoby projektowania nadbudów. Pierwsza - z wykorzystaniem elementów historycznych, natomiast drugia z wykorzystaniem nowoczesnych materiałów, w szczególności szkła.

Marijeta Rajković Iveta, Tea Horvatin

Following the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union (1 July 2013), a trend of emigration to the Republic of Ireland appeared. Using the theory of push and pull factors and the theory of migration systems (cf. Castles, Miller, 2003; Bretell and Hollifield 2000), the aim of the paper was to explore the context and scope of this wave and to find out the reasons why Ireland has become a popular destination for Croatian citizens. After presenting the macroeconomic and macropolitical context, an overview and comparison of statistical data on emigration from Croatia to Ireland, i.e. the entry of Croatian citizens into the Irish labour market, are presented. After that, mediators in the migration process (international employment agencies, former migrants, and social migrant networks, as well as the role of global communication technologies and social platforms) were researched. The research was conducted from summer 2015 to autumn 2017. The paper is based on ethnological and cultural anthropological qualitative methodology. Ethnographic material, i.e. lived experiences of immigrants, were obtained through face-to-face, semi-structured interviews and virtually – by means of modern technology (Skype conversations, Facebook chats and e-mails). Therefore, field research was also carried out within the contemporary, produced and, in this case, virtual site (cf. Appadurai, 2011: 265). The Croatian Bureau of Statistics annually publishes the report “Migration of the population of Republic of Croatia”. These data reveal that the number of emigrated Croatian citizens has increased since the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union in 2013. Croatia’s net migration rate is becoming more negative every year and, according to the latest data in 2016, amounted to -22,451. That year, 36,436 persons moved abroad – somewhat more men (54.1%) than women (45.9 %). The counties in the Croatian region of Slavonia have the most negative net migration rate (see Migracija stanovnistva Republike Hrvatske u 2016. [Migration of Population of Republic of Croatia in 2016], 2017). Considering that the same statistical data show that young people aged between 20 and 34 emigrate the most, migrants from Slavonia in this age group were interviewed for this paper. Although the focus of the research is on the physical territory of Slavonia, this space is also a virtual one, by which we “move away from conventional conceptions of space, turning to social instead of physical space…” (Plese, 2006: 131). Six young women and four young men were interviewed. Eight of them have university education. They migrated no more than five years ago. The emphasis of the paper is on the ethnography of the particular. We were interested in experiences – how the migrants informed themselves about the possibilities of life and work in Ireland, how and how long had they been preparing for their departure, and what administrative procedures did they go through upon their arrival to Ireland. In addition to these contemporary migrants, we interviewed a migrant who moved from Zagreb to Ireland with her husband in 1998 and since 2013 she has been managing an agency in Dublin through which they find IT professionals from Croatia and mediate in their employment. The contemporary wave of emigration was stimulated by the macropolitical context (Croatian accession to the European Union and the opening of the labour market) and the macroeconomic context (the economic development of Ireland compared to high unemployment in Croatia, low salaries, negative economic trends, poor entrepreneurial climate, etc.). The research showed very different data on the number of Croatian citizens in Ireland. The data of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics on the migrations of the population are based on the data of the Administrative Affairs Directorate of the Ministry of the Interior, the records of the change of residence. The research shows that a small number of migrants have completed this civic duty in practice, but the police department does not insist on this either. Ireland is first mentioned in the same data on the emigration of the population towards destination countries in 2016, with the number of 1915 emigrated Croatian citizens. In contrast, the official Irish website welfare.ei publishes statistics on Personal Public Service Number (PPS). This number is mandatory for anyone who wants to work in Ireland and all the immigrants we interviewed applied for it immediately upon their arrival to Ireland. The oldest data on the mentioned website date from July 2000, and the latest are from October 2017. In that period, 18,278 Croatian citizens applied for the PPS number. After the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union, their number increased four times in only one year (2014) and has been increasing continuously since then. During the research, we did not find data on whether these migrants remained living in Ireland permanently. The microcontext is also exceptionally important for this wave of emigration, especially the networking of migrants and the social migrant network. The research has highlighted the importance of communication technology in generating, transferring and exchanging knowledge between the members of the migration process and in virtual networking. For example, the number of members of the group “Idemo u Irsku” (Eng. Let’s go to Ireland) on Facebook is constantly increasing (19,480 members in 2015, 40,804 members in 2017). Gathering information over the Internet was the initial preparation for migration for almost all of our informants, but many moved with the help of previous migrants or together with others. Migrants considered the experiences of previous migrants to be the most credible information. Apart from the mentioned Facebook group, the role of the mediators that create mesostructures is also visible on the example of the Irish Recruiter employment agencies from Dublin, EURES (European Job Mobility Portal) and the OSMATIZO association (Osijek’s register of emigrants and Osijek citizens employed abroad). Even though, due to the high unemployment rate in Croatia, which particularly affects young people, some migrants started thinking about leaving already during their education, this desire was turned into reality mostly due to examples from the immediate environment, direct contact with a person who had already emigrated and positive stories heard from friends, fellow citizens and acquaintances. Migrants prepared for the migration briefly – between two weeks and several months. These emigrant experiences demonstrate today’s convenience of migrations, i.e. faster and cheaper travel possibilities and the key role of the ubiquitous global communication (cf. Lewellen 2002: 125,126). The reasons for this migration wave were viewed as a result of the action of the push and pull factors. For the majority of the interviewees, the main motivation for the departure was economic (inability to find employment in their profession, low salaries, resolving their housing issue, and young couples’ joint life). There are prominent personal psychological dissatisfactions with most of the interviewees, driven by nepotism and corruption at both the local and national level. A negative, almost bitter tone can be observed with two interviewees when they explain the reason for their departure. As the reasons for the migration, migrants also stated: a desire to live in a more liberal environment (with people in same-sex unions, lack of respect for human rights, small conservative environments), curiosity (learning about new cultures and peoples), and opportunities for professional development. For some migrants, Ireland was the first choice due to topicality, the ubiquity of the subject in the media, friends’ recommendations, positive experiences of former migrants, while for others it was a logical decision after considering more options (Germany, Canada, and Australia). Ireland attracted them due to the possibility of finding employment quickly, the open labour market, simple bureaucratic procedures required for work and life, the English language which they know, transport connections/relative proximity (compared to other continents). The research was conducted on migrants who emigrated after 2013. These were voluntary migrations of young people, most of whom were highly educated but who, at least initially, were willing to do unqualified and low-rated (typically immigrant) jobs. Future research should include early emigrations and other migrants (e.g. family migrations, highly educated migrants /so-called brain drains/ with specific professions, for whom there are indicators that they work in their professions, etc.). Kljucne rijeci:  Croats in Ireland; emigration from Slavonia; contemporary emigration; (e)migrant experiences