Hasil untuk "Environmental engineering"

G. Luckachan, C. Pillai

Shuai Zhang, T. Ma, A. Erdemir et al.

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials are crystalline materials made of a single or a few layers of atoms. They have been an active research subject in recent years because of their unique physical and chemical properties. In particular, 2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal BN, and MoS2 exhibit some of the lowest friction coefficients and wear rates, making them attractive for enhancing the efficiency, durability, and environmental compatibility of future mechanical systems. This review will focus on recent advances in the tribology of 2D materials. Starting from general physical characteristics, the essential friction and wear behavior of 2D materials together with the associated mechanisms are reviewed for both interlayer and surface sliding. Influences of the atomic structures of the slip interfaces and environmental factors are discussed, with special attention given to various strategies for achieving friction modulation and superlubricity. Finally, the emerging engineering applications of 2D materials, as well as future prospects, are summarized.

P. Alam, Dimitrios Mamalis, C. Robert et al.

Abstract Engineering structures are often subjected to the conditions of cyclic-loading, which onsets material fatigue, detrimentally affecting the service-life and damage tolerance of components and joints. Carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) are high-strength, low-weight composites that are gaining ubiquity in place of metals and glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) not only due to their outstanding strength-to-weight properties, but also because carbon fibres are relatively inert to environmental degradation and thus show potential as corrosion resistant materials. The effects of cyclic loading on the fatigue of CFRP are detailed in several papers. As such, collating research on CFRP fatigue into a single document is a worthwhile exercise, as it will benefit the engineering-readership interested in designing fatigue resistant structures and components using CFRP. This review article aims to provide the most relevant and up-to-date information on the fatigue of CFRP. The review focuses in particular on defining fatigue and the mechanics of cyclically-loaded composites, elucidating the fatigue response and fatigue properties of CFRP in different forms, discussing the importance of environmental factors on the fatigue performance and service-life, and summarising the different approaches taken to modelling fatigue in CFRP.

W. Callister

Wenli Zhang, Xueqing Qiu, Caiwei Wang et al.

Developing novel techniques to convert lignin into sustainable chemicals and functional materials is a critical route toward the high-value utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignin-derived carbon materials hold great promise for applications in energy and chemical engineering, catalysis and environmental remediation. In this review, the state-of-art sciences and technologies for controllable synthesis of lignin-derived carbon materials are summarized, pore structure engineering, crystalline engineering, and morphology controlling methodologies are thoroughly outlined and critically discussed. Green chemical engineering with cost-effectiveness and precise carbonization tuning microstructure are future research trends of lignin-derived carbon materials. Future research directions that could be employed to advance lignin-derived carbon materials toward commercial applications are then proposed.

B. Wang, B. Gao, J. Fang

A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, D. Mendoza-Castillo, H. Reynel-Ávila

Zia Ullah Arif, M. Khalid, M. F. Sheikh et al.

Advancements in polymer science and engineering have helped the scientific community to shift its attention towards the use of environmentally benign materials for reducing the environmental impact of conventional synthetic plastics. Biopolymers are environmentally benign, chemically versatile, sustainable, biocompatible, biodegradable, inherently functional, and ecofriendly materials that exhibit tremendous potential for a wide range of applications including food, electronics, agriculture, textile, biomedical, and cosmetics. This review also inspires the researchers toward more consumption of biopolymer-based composite materials as an alternative to synthetic composite materials. Herein, an overview of the latest knowledge of different natural- and synthetic-based biodegradable polymers and their fiber-reinforced composites is presented. The review discusses different degradation mechanisms of biopolymer-based composites as well as their sustainability aspects. This review also elucidates current challenges, future opportunities, and emerging applications of biopolymeric sustainable composites in numerous engineering fields. Finally, this review proposes biopolymeric sustainable materials as a propitious solution to the contemporary environmental crisis. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd.

A. Soldo, M. Miletić, M. Auad

Improving soil engineering properties is an inevitable process before construction on soft soil. Increasing soil strength with chemical stabilizing agents, such as cement, raises environmental concerns. Therefore, sustainable solutions are in high demand. One of the promising solutions is the usage of biopolymers. Five biopolymer types were investigated in this study: Xanthan Gum, Beta 1,3/1,6 Glucan, Guar Gum, Chitosan, and Alginate. Their effect on the soil strength improvement was experimentally investigated by performing unconfined compression, splitting tensile, triaxial, and direct shear tests. All tests were performed with different biopolymer concentrations and curing periods. Additionally, in order to have an insight on the susceptibility to natural elements, plain soil, and biopolymer-treated specimens were exposed to real atmospheric conditions. The extensive experimental results showed that the soil strength tends to increase with the increase of biopolymer concentration and with the curing time. However, it was shown that the soil strength does not considerably change after a certain biopolymer concentration level and curing time. Furthermore, it has been observed that the biopolymer-treated specimens showed better resistance to the influence of the environmental conditions. In general, Xanthan Gum, Guar Gum, and Beta 1,3/1,6 Glucan showed the most dominant effect and potential for the future of sustainable engineering.

Li‐Li Ling, Wu-Jun Liu, Shun Zhang et al.

Jun Xu, Junjun Zhang, Wenjun Zhang et al.

Zhaohuan Wei, Yaqi Ren, Joshua Sokolowski et al.

School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, China Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, New York State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China

C. Grubb, S. Abel

Martin Bellmann, Berhane Darsene Dimd, Anne‐Karin Søiland et al.

In the ICARUS project, European partners collaborate to develop and scale innovative technologies for recovering and refining secondary raw materials from silicon photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing. The production of photovoltaic modules generates significant quantities of waste, particularly silicon kerf, graphite, and silica residues from ingot and wafer manufacturing. ICARUS aims to transform these waste streams into high‐value secondary materials suitable for reintegration into the PV value chain and other industrial applications. Four industrial pilot‐scale processes are developed, targeting the purification and reuse of these materials. Results from the pilots demonstrate both the technical feasibility and economic potential of substituting these recovered materials for virgin and critical raw materials. This work provides a viable pathway toward a more resource‐efficient and circular PV manufacturing industry.

J. Klemeš, P. Varbanov, T. Walmsley et al.

Abstract The emergence of Pinch Analysis from more than four decades ago opened a new area of intense research development that has even accelerated in recent years. Initially, Pinch Analysis (PA) provided a systematic thermodynamic-based approach to address the need for large energy savings around the 1970s oil crises. Since inception, the Pinch Methodology (PM) has flourished considerably, finding meaningful application to a wide range of industrial, regional, and global challenges well beyond heat – it’s most well-known and first application. This review represents an attempt to identify and substantiate future directions of research for the most significant implementations of Pinch Methodology. Reported applications in the literature range from Heat Integration, Total Site and Water Integration through to Emergy and even Financial Investment Planning; cutting across multiple engineering fields – Mechanical, Chemical, Process, Power, and Environmental Engineering – as well as entering the research domains of Management and Finance. Key findings of this review include: (1) the need for more awareness within the engineering and science research communities of the latest and continuing developments of the Pinch Methodology; (2) a need for complete tool sets covering targeting through to engineering design for many of the Pinch Methodology applications; and, (3) the full benefits of Pinch Methodology can only be achieved in developing design solutions with an appreciation for the most recent developments.

Chao Wang, Yicheng Wu, Yingchun Li et al.

Chi Zuo, Martin B. Møller, Pablo Martínez-Nuevo et al.

While being disturbed by environmental noises, the acoustic masking technique is a conventional way to reduce the annoyance in audio engineering that seeks to cover up the noises with other dominant yet less intrusive sounds. However, misalignment between the dominant sound and the noise-such as mismatched downbeats-often requires an excessive volume increase to achieve effective masking. Motivated by recent advances in cross-modal generation, in this work, we introduce an alternative method to acoustic masking, aiming to reduce the noticeability of environmental noises by blending them into personalized music generated based on user-provided text prompts. Following the paradigm of music generation using mel-spectrogram representations, we propose a Blending Noises into Personalized Music (BNMusic) framework with two key stages. The first stage synthesizes a complete piece of music in a mel-spectrogram representation that encapsulates the musical essence of the noise. In the second stage, we adaptively amplify the generated music segment to further reduce noise perception and enhance the blending effectiveness, while preserving auditory quality. Our experiments with comprehensive evaluations on MusicBench, EPIC-SOUNDS, and ESC-50 demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework, highlighting the ability to blend environmental noise with rhythmically aligned, adaptively amplified, and enjoyable music segments, minimizing the noticeability of the noise, thereby improving overall acoustic experiences. Project page: https://d-fas.github.io/BNMusic_page/.

Hao Li, Haoxiang Zhang, Ahmed E. Hassan

The future of software engineering--SE 3.0--is unfolding with the rise of AI teammates: autonomous, goal-driven systems collaborating with human developers. Among these, autonomous coding agents are especially transformative, now actively initiating, reviewing, and evolving code at scale. This paper introduces AIDev, the first large-scale dataset capturing how such agents operate in the wild. Spanning over 456,000 pull requests by five leading agents--OpenAI Codex, Devin, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, and Claude Code--across 61,000 repositories and 47,000 developers, AIDev provides an unprecedented empirical foundation for studying autonomous teammates in software development. Unlike prior work that has largely theorized the rise of AI-native software engineering, AIDev offers structured, open data to support research in benchmarking, agent readiness, optimization, collaboration modeling, and AI governance. The dataset includes rich metadata on PRs, authorship, review timelines, code changes, and integration outcomes--enabling exploration beyond synthetic benchmarks like SWE-bench. For instance, although agents often outperform humans in speed, their PRs are accepted less frequently, revealing a trust and utility gap. Furthermore, while agents accelerate code submission--one developer submitted as many PRs in three days as they had in three years--these are structurally simpler (via code complexity metrics). We envision AIDev as a living resource: extensible, analyzable, and ready for the SE and AI communities. Grounding SE 3.0 in real-world evidence, AIDev enables a new generation of research into AI-native workflows and supports building the next wave of symbiotic human-AI collaboration. The dataset is publicly available at https://github.com/SAILResearch/AI_Teammates_in_SE3. > AI Agent, Agentic AI, Coding Agent, Agentic Coding, Software Engineering Agent

Armin Ariamajd, Raquel López-Ríos de Castro, Andrea Volkamer

The increasing importance of Computational Science and Engineering has highlighted the need for high-quality scientific software. However, research software development is often hindered by limited funding, time, staffing, and technical resources. To address these challenges, we introduce PyPackIT, a cloud-based automation tool designed to streamline research software engineering in accordance with FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) and Open Science principles. PyPackIT is a user-friendly, ready-to-use software that enables scientists to focus on the scientific aspects of their projects while automating repetitive tasks and enforcing best practices throughout the software development life cycle. Using modern Continuous software engineering and DevOps methodologies, PyPackIT offers a robust project infrastructure including a build-ready Python package skeleton, a fully operational documentation and test suite, and a control center for dynamic project management and customization. PyPackIT integrates seamlessly with GitHub's version control system, issue tracker, and pull-based model to establish a fully-automated software development workflow. Exploiting GitHub Actions, PyPackIT provides a cloud-native Agile development environment using containerization, Configuration-as-Code, and Continuous Integration, Deployment, Testing, Refactoring, and Maintenance pipelines. PyPackIT is an open-source software suite that seamlessly integrates with both new and existing projects via a public GitHub repository template at https://github.com/repodynamics/pypackit.

Leonhard Applis, Yuntong Zhang, Shanchao Liang et al.

The growth of Large Language Model (LLM) technology has raised expectations for automated coding. However, software engineering is more than coding and is concerned with activities including maintenance and evolution of a project. In this context, the concept of LLM agents has gained traction, which utilize LLMs as reasoning engines to invoke external tools autonomously. But is an LLM agent the same as an AI software engineer? In this paper, we seek to understand this question by developing a Unified Software Engineering agent or USEagent. Unlike existing work which builds specialized agents for specific software tasks such as testing, debugging, and repair, our goal is to build a unified agent which can orchestrate and handle multiple capabilities. This gives the agent the promise of handling complex scenarios in software development such as fixing an incomplete patch, adding new features, or taking over code written by others. We envision USEagent as the first draft of a future AI Software Engineer which can be a team member in future software development teams involving both AI and humans. To evaluate the efficacy of USEagent, we build a Unified Software Engineering bench (USEbench) comprising of myriad tasks such as coding, testing, and patching. USEbench is a judicious mixture of tasks from existing benchmarks such as SWE-bench, SWT-bench, and REPOCOD. In an evaluation on USEbench consisting of 1,271 repository-level software engineering tasks, USEagent shows improved efficacy compared to existing general agents such as OpenHands CodeActAgent. There exist gaps in the capabilities of USEagent for certain coding tasks, which provides hints on further developing the AI Software Engineer of the future.