Hasil untuk "Environmental effects of industries and plants"

Peng Zhang, Olivier Deschenes, Kyle Meng et al.

Lian Chen, Shenglu Zhou, Ya-xing Shi et al.

Hanh T. Tong, Mai Phuong Pham, Nga T.T. Nguyen

This study presents an integrated approach for flood risk zonation using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which combines spatial multi-criteria analysis (MCDA) with the Group Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (GFAHP) and fuzzy overlay techniques. Nine flood-influencing factors were considered, namely Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Slope, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Horizontal Overland Flow Distance (HOFD), Vertical Overland Flow Distance (VOFD), Topographic Position Index (TPI), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Curve Number (CN), and Modified Fournier Index (MFI). Each factor was classified into five categories and weighted based on expert judgment through GFAHP, which effectively addresses uncertainty and variability in expert evaluations. The weighting values demonstrated that the DEM (0.248) and slope (0.188) exert the greatest influence on flood hazard. Results showed that 27% of the area belongs to the high and very high-risk zones, primarily concentrated along the Hinh and Ba rivers and around hydropower reservoirs. The derived weights were integrated in the GIS environment using fuzzy overlay to produce a flood risk map with five susceptibility levels, ranging from very low to very high. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach as a decision-support tool for spatial planning, resource management and disaster risk reduction and demonstrate its potential applicability to other regions with comparable data conditions.

Yiming Ding, E. Brand, Wenquan Wang et al.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice has been widely used as a medicinal herb since ancient times. Licorice is also spelled as "liquorice" and it is known as "Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma" (Chinese: gan cao) in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Licorice root has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including adrenocortical hormone-like effects, as well as multiple pharmacological effects on the digestive system, immune system, and cardiovascular system. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to comprehensively investigate the history of licorice and its medicinal and industrial applications in China and other nations, including research and application prospects related to the aerial parts of licorice. METHOD An extensive review of the literature was carried out, including ancient and modern texts, doctoral and masters' theses, monographs on medicinal plants, pharmacopoeias and electronic databases, including Web of Science, Springer, CNKI, and Google Scholar. RESULTS The ancient and modern applications of licorice were systematically investigated. In ancient times, practitioners in China discovered the medicinal potential of licorice and used it widely. In modern times, licorice is widely used in food, medicines and supplements, tobacco, chemical applications, environmental applications, animal husbandry and other industries. The potential of the aerial portion of the plant is also gradually being researched, developed, and utilized. CONCLUSION Licorice is one of the oldest and most widely used herbal medicines in the world. This article reviews its medicinal potential and application in various fields, and briefly introduces current research into its aerial parts. This review aims to highlight the importance of licorice and provide direction for its future development.

Dan Yang, Kristel Tanilas, A. Konist et al.

The complex matrix of oil shale and its solid wastes poses significant challenges for trace element quantification. This study compares the performance and challenges of seven analytical methods for quantifying 19 trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb, Ba, La, Ce, Pb, Bi, Th, and U) in oil shale and its solid wastes. These methods include matrix-matched and matrix-independent laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) method employing different internal standards, as well as traditional solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with three digestion protocols (HNO3, HNO3-HF, and HNO3-HCl-HF-HClO4). Validation with certified reference materials (SGR-1b, ACIRS-A1-2016) and practical samples (oil shale and related residues from laboratory and power plant combustion) showed that matrix-matched LA-ICP-MS using lithium borate glass standard effectively mitigated matrix effects and achieved superior analytical performance (recoveries within ±15% with coefficient of variation (CV) ≤ 5%) and |En| < 1 for 5/9 elements in ash matrices) compared to matrix-independent LA-ICP-MS and ICP-MS methods. While conventional ICP-MS methods performed well for certain elements (e.g., Ba, Mn, and Cr), but showed limited accuracy and consistency for others due to remaining matrix effects, even with internal standard correction, especially in complex ash matrices. These findings underscore the strengths and limitations of each technique and highlight the potential of matrix-matched LA-ICP-MS as a promising tool for rapid and accurate trace element quantification, offering promising applications in resource recovery and environmental risk assessment in the oil shale industry.

Wilfrid Noudéhouénou Atchichoe, Flavien Edia Dovonou, Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji and Firmin Sèdomonhan Eninhou

This study aims to quantify nutrient inputs from the collection of water quality data at twelve (12) sites over twelve months (January 2023 to December 2023). A total of twenty-one water pollution indicator parameters were monitored. An inventory of anthropogenic pressures on the two tributaries (Sô and Djonou) was used to define the points at which water samples would be collected in the field. Physico-chemical parameters were analysed using molecular absorption spectrometry (HACH DR 5000). TMEs were detected and quantified in the water using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results of the laboratory analyses indicate non-compliance with Bénin's wastewater quality standards and France's Environmental Quality Directives (NQE), resulting in physico-chemical pollution of the water in the two rivers. Nitrogen pollution was observed, with total nitrogen levels ranging from 0.18 to 8.25 mg/L (Djonou) and from 0.03 to 10.89 mg/L (Sô). Then there is phosphorus pollution, with total phosphorus levels ranging from 0 to 2.14 mg/L (Djonou) and from 0 to 2.45 mg/L (Sô). These two types of pollution observed resulted in algal pollution with chlorophyll a varying from 0 to 4.01 mg/L (Djonou) and from 0 to 3.36 mg/L (Sô). Cadmium (Cd) varied from 0.01 to 0.24 mg/L (Djonou) and from 0 to 0.10 mg/L (Sô), and lead (Pb) varied from 0.01 to 0.35 mg/L (Djonou) and from 0 to 0.04 mg/L (Sô). The correlation matrix and the PCA carried out on the mean annual values of the parameters reveal that in the dry season the water in the Sô and Djonou rivers is rich in Biochemical Oxygen Demand after Five Days (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Cadmium (Cd), Conductivity, Nitrites (NO2-) and Salinity, in contrast to the water in the rainy season, which is rich in Total phosphorus, Phosphates( PO42-), Nitrogen Total (NT), Ammonium (NH4+) and Nitrates (NO3-). These types of pollution will cause eutrophication and poisoning of fish stocks in the two tributaries. It is therefore necessary to monitor these parameters over a longer period of time in order to model water quality in these tributaries and avoid major environmental and health problems.

Xudong Sun, Yousif Abdelrahman Yousif Abdellah, Guangyan Wang et al.

Continuous potato cropping in semi-arid regions, which are vulnerable to erosion, reduces tuber yields and leads to a decline in soil quality. This research delves into the impact of forage cultivation on soil bacterial and archaeal communities and the associated hazard-related virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within potato cropping systems. The study reveals that distinct crop rotation schemes significantly alter soil physicochemical properties. Compared to non-potato cultivation, continuous potato cropping substantially reduces soil organic carbon from 31.9 g kg −1to 15.7 g kg −1and total nitrogen from 3.7 g kg −1to 1.6 g kg −1, indicating a notable deterioration in soil fertility. Among the ten identified phyla, Proteobacteria demonstrates the highest relative abundance, from 34.6% to 38.4%, closely followed by Actinobacteria, ranging from 20.5% to 36.0%. These two phyla likely play a crucial role in maintaining soil health. Moreover, continuous potato cultivation (CPC) results in more specific ARGs than non-potato cultivation (NPC). This phenomenon implies that CPC may select for particular resistance traits within the soil microbiome, potentially due to changes in the composition of the soil microbiota. Forage crops (oats or a mixture of oats and peas) exhibit varying effects on ARGs at different growth stages. The differences observed between the flowering and maturity stages of oats suggest that plant growth and the composition of root exudates can influence microbial communities and the prevalence of ARGs. The Mantel test further indicates that specific soil properties impact the abundance of certain microbial taxa and determine the expression of key functional genes, including those associated with antibiotic resistance. These findings underscore the intricate interactions among microbial communities, genes, and soil health, providing essential guidance for formulating agricultural practices to manage soil health and mitigating problems such as antibiotic resistance in continuously cropped soils.Importantly, this study highlights the significant benefits of crop diversification, primarily through the incorporation of forage crops, in safeguarding soil health and maintaining microbial diversity within potato cropping systems. The results offer valuable perspectives for developing sustainable agricultural strategies, which can enhance soil fertility and promote ecosystem stability in semi-arid regions.

Maulana Yusuf, Nurhayati Damiri, Ardiyan Saptawan et al.

This study investigated how changes in land use impact people's knowledge and perceptions, notably the transformation of wetlands into residential and industrial sectors in urban low-lying areas. This transformation's accelerating urbanization is a worldwide phenomenon fueled by infrastructural growth and urban growth. This study was carried out using a mixed-methods approach that includes surveys, interviews, and spatial analysis. This research showed a complicated link between a change in land use and how people perceive it. First, turning low-lying swamps into cities frequently changes the hydrological dynamics, raising the risk of floods and other water-related risks. As a result, people who live in transformed areas tend to develop more conscious of these environmental dangers. However, this increased awareness may not always result in proactive mitigating actions due to resource shortages and poor urban planning. Second, socio-economic position and proximity to redeveloped regions affect how locals view urban growth. While some regard land use conversion adversely owing to habitat loss and potential health hazards related to pollution and sanitation difficulties, others see it as a chance for economic expansion and improved infrastructure. Lastly, minimizing the negative effects of land use shifts depends on efficient urban planning and community involvement. People's perceptions are more likely to be positive when they participate in decision-making processes and access information and resources, increasing engagement in sustainable urban development activities.

Lorenz Zwick, János Takátsy, Pankaj Saini et al.

We present the first overview of the expected quantity of signals which will showcase significant gravitational wave phase shifts caused by astrophysical environments, considering the upcoming A+ and A\# LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA, Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope detectors. We construct and analyse two general families of dephasing prescriptions with extensions to eccentric sources, as well as collect five specific prescriptions for the fundamental smoking gun physical mechanisms at play in the dynamical and AGN formation channel for stellar mass binary black holes: Roemer delays, tidal forces and hydrodynamical interactions. We compute the expected fraction of signals containing astrophysical dephasing, as a function of environmental properties and based on observed distributions of binary parameters. We find that next generation detectors can expect to find environmental effects in hundreds of detected signals.

Blessing Emerenini, Edward Beck, Kathryn Cantrel et al.

As antibiotic resistance continues to pose a significant threat to public health, alternative treatments are urgently needed. Phage therapy, which utilizes bacteriophages to specifically target bacterial pathogens, has emerged as a promising solution. Given that bacteria often exist in biofilms -complex micro-communities that complicate treatment strategies, there is a clear need for models that account for spatial dynamics. This study aims to employ mathematical and statistical methodologies to identify optimal treatment strategies involving phage-antibiotic combinations. We developed an agent-based model to analyze how environmental factors (e.g. temperature, pH, and resource availability) influence bacteria-phage interactions during therapy, focusing on both healthy and immunocompromised patients. Utilizing \textit{Escherichia coli} as a case study, we observed that bacterial cells exhibit mutations that enhance their adaptability to varying environmental conditions and treatment approaches. Our findings suggest that the effectiveness of therapies targeting pathogenic and mutated bacterial cells can be significantly improved through strategic control of application timing and dosing. Additionally, we investigated the impact of biofilm structure on the efficacy of phage therapy, underscoring its importance in developing targeted treatment strategies.

Nathan Lane

I study the impact of industrial policies on industrial development by considering an important episode during the East Asian miracle: South Korea's heavy and chemical industry (HCI) drive, 1973--1979. Based on newly assembled data, I use the introduction and termination of industrial policies to study their impacts during and after the intervention period. (1) I reveal that heavy-chemical industrial policies promoted the expansion and dynamic comparative advantage of directly targeted industries. (2) Using variation in exposure to policies through the input-output network, I demonstrate that the policy indirectly benefited downstream users of targeted intermediates. (3) The benefits of HCI persisted even after the policy ended, as some results were slower to appear. The findings suggest that the temporary drive shifted Korean manufacturing into more advanced markets and supported durable change. This study helps clarify the lessons drawn from the East Asian growth miracle. JEL Codes: L5, O14, O25, N6. Keywords: industrial policy, East Asian miracle, economic history, industrial development, Heavy-Chemical Industry Drive, Heavy and Chemical Industry Drive.

Luma Abdalalah Sagban Alabadi, Wafaa Sahib Abbood Alawsy and Dunya A. AL-jibury

This study aimed to compare the ability of five plant species, including (Conocarpus erectus, Acacia sensu lato (s.l.), Melaleuca viminalis, Dodonaea viscosa and Lantana camara) to absorb and accumulate heavy elements in their tissues, which were grown in the central islands in the city of Diwaniyah. This included areas of street in front of the medical college, Umm Al Khail First Street, Umm Al-Khail Street, near Abbas Attiwi Bridge, Al-Adly Street in the Euphrates District, and Clock Field Street, respectively. Results showed that soil samples S1 and S3 were contaminated by Pb, and the rest of the sites were contaminated with nickel only. This indicates through the table findings a rise in these heavy metals’ concentrations with a rise in traffic momentum. Thus, the Pb concentrations in the growing plants’ shoot parts with respect to this research had surpassed the allowed critical limit of 5.00 mg.kg-1 dry matter, in which the highest value was recorded at the site with respect to S3 as well as S2. Meanwhile, the findings indicate that Cd concentrations in S3 and S1 had increased and exceeded the allowable limit of 0.20 mg.kg-1 dry matter. In the meantime, the nickel concentrations were within the permissible limits of 67.90 mg.kg-1 dry matter. The Zn concentration exceeded the permitted limits of 60.00 mg.kg-1 dry matter except for plants (Acacia s.l. and Lantana camara) in sites S5 and S2. The results confirmed that the values of Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation Coefficient (BAC) for most of the study elements had recorded the highest value in the Dodonaea plant for Zn, Cd, and Pb, except for Ni. It was more accumulated in the Melaleuca viminalis plant, which indicates the superiority of the Dodonaea plant in accumulating Pb, Cd, and Zn over the rest of the study plants, as they took the following order: Lantana camara < Acacia s.l. < Conocarpus erectus < Melaleuca viminalis < Dodonaea viscosa. The best plants accumulated nickel in the following order: Acacia s.l. < Lantana camara < Conocarpus erectus < Dodonaea viscosa < Melaleuca viminalis.

Cecilie Wagner Harden, Torben Pedersen, Peter D. Ørberg Jensen

Recycling programs are widely used to address global environmental challenges, with the active participation of end users being crucial for the successful return of products at the end of use. However, individuals have different motivations for recycling and face various obstacles in doing so. We lack an understanding of these motivations and the inconveniences of engaging in this behavior, especially within the healthcare industry. By drawing insights from the take-back program ReturpenTM, which was introduced in Denmark and the UK, this study addresses how different types of motivation influence end-user participation in take-back programs and the extent to which motivation offsets the inconveniences. The results showed that individuals' underlying motivations vary, with altruism emerging as the primary motivator, followed by social norms, while direct personal benefits play a relatively minor role. While 92% of respondents indicated their intention to engage in the take-back program, the actual return rate in the Danish program was approximately 22%, which points to a clear intention-behavior gap.

S. Ivanova,, A. Vesnina, N. Fotina and A. Prosekov

The issues of human impact on the environment are evident and pose a threat to the health and well-being of future generations. Technogenic disturbances in coal mining sites, such as open pits, excavations, and industrial waste, pose risks to both human health and the environment. Open-pit coal mines not only frequently cause the destruction of natural ecosystems, including landscapes, vegetation, and biodiversity, but they also significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Addressing the carbon footprint necessitates not only the use of renewable energy but also the restoration of disturbed landscapes and vegetation, including trees and shrubs. All of this is achieved by implementing biological remediation within technogenically disturbed territories. This process fosters a return of biological balance and establishes favorable conditions for plant and animal life, while at the same time reducing carbon footprint indicators. The biological remediation of areas affected by the mining activities of coal mines can create new economic opportunities. The reclaimed land can be utilized for various purposes such as agriculture, forestry, park development, and tourism, thereby contributing to local economic growth and job creation. When planning measures for land bioremediation, it is essential to analyze all quality indicators of the land. In this case, the selection of technologies such as plants, fertilizers, and microorganisms can effectively restore territories.

Cecilia Casonato, Esther Sanyé-Mengual, Matteo Vittuari et al.

Current food production and consumption patterns in the European Union are exerting significant pressure on the environment and limited natural resources. The ongoing triple planetary crisis is jeopardizing future sustainability and requires appropriate actions to halt its progress. Public food procurement is often indicated by scholars and policymakers as a potentially transformative policy to shift demand towards sustainable consumption, as well as creating a demand for more sustainably produced food. However, quantitative evidence of the environmental performance of food procurement is lacking. This paper critically reviews existing literature quantifying and evaluating the impacts related to food procurement, specifically focusing on the use of Life Cycle Thinking approaches and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The results collected show heterogeneous methodological approaches when it comes to LCA, but a consistent narrative in recommending a well-planned dietary shift, decreasing the consumption of animal products. Combining environmental impact indicators with nutritional assessments emerges as key in supporting food procurement. The results of this review can support the reflection on future food procurement policy including criteria to be employed by public authorities.

Tommaso Martone, Pietro Iob, Mauro Schiavo et al.

This paper explores the potential benefits and challenges of integrating Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Autonomous Ground Vehicles (AGVs) in industrial settings to improve sustainability and operational efficiency. While EVs offer environmental advantages, barriers like high costs and limited range hinder their widespread use. Similarly, AGVs, despite their autonomous capabilities, face challenges in technology integration and reliability. To address these issues, the paper develops a fleet management tool tailored for coordinating electric AGVs in industrial environments. The study focuses on simulating electric AGV performance in a primary aluminum plant to provide insights into their effectiveness and offer recommendations for optimizing fleet performance.

Nynke van Uffelen, Lode Lauwaert, Mark Coeckelbergh et al.

In recent years, much research has been dedicated to uncovering the environmental impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI), showing that training and deploying AI systems require large amounts of energy and resources, and the outcomes of AI may lead to decisions and actions that may negatively impact the environment. This new knowledge raises new ethical questions, such as: When is it (un)justifiable to develop an AI system, and how to make design choices, considering its environmental impact? However, so far, the environmental impact of AI has largely escaped ethical scrutiny, as AI ethics tends to focus strongly on themes such as transparency, privacy, safety, responsibility, and bias. Considering the environmental impact of AI from an ethical perspective expands the scope of AI ethics beyond an anthropocentric focus towards including more-than-human actors such as animals and ecosystems. This paper explores the ethical implications of the environmental impact of AI for designing AI systems by drawing on environmental justice literature, in which three categories of justice are distinguished, referring to three elements that can be unjust: the distribution of benefits and burdens (distributive justice), decision-making procedures (procedural justice), and institutionalized social norms (justice as recognition). Based on these tenets of justice, we outline criteria for developing environmentally just AI systems, given their ecological impact.

Heloisa de Fátima Mendes Justino, Israel Felipe dos Santos, Ruan Carlos Nascimento de Souza et al.

The adoption of vegetarian diets has been increasingly embraced by individuals seeking to improve their health and reduce their environmental impact. One concern regarding this dietary choice is the adequate intake of proteins with nutritional quality comparable to animal‐derived proteins. In this regard, plant‐based proteins have been the focus of studies and technological developments aimed at enhancing their nutritional and functional properties. The application of ultrasound to plant proteins has proven to be an effective strategy for modifying their structure and improving their digestibility, solubility, and viscosity. This review article presents studies that have investigated the modification of plant‐based proteins using ultrasound, with emphasis on their nutritional and technological implications. The effects of ultrasound on protein structure and properties will be discussed, as well as the potential applications in the food industry.

Binbin Yan, J. Hou, Wenbin Li et al.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizoma has various effects, including tonifying the spleen and qi, clearing heat and toxic substances, eliminating phlegm, relieving cough and pain, and harmonizing the effects of other medicines. It is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. AIMS OF THE STUDY This review systematically collates the identification of Glycyrrhiza Linn. species with medicinal value and their distributions. The morphological and genetic characteristics, distribution, quantity of reserves in China, suitable environment, and area of suitable habitat of important medicinal species were reviewed. The effects of the natural environment and cultivation management (water and nutrients) on the growth and quality of licorice were reviewed. The aim is to make people have a systematic understanding of the status of medicinal plant resources of the G. Linn., and understand the natural and human factors that affect its quality, so as to provide help for the collection of resources of the important medicinal licorice and the human control of its quality in the future. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted extensive searches of the primary literature, master's and doctoral theses, and pharmacopeias of many countries using PubMed, Geenmedical, CNKI, Web of Science, SCI-hub and other databases. The keywords used in searches included "classification of Glycyrrhiza," "medicinal Glycyrrhiza," "distribution of Glycyrrhiza," and "suitable environment for Glycyrrhiza" The results of research conducted by our research group on the morphological and genetic characteristics, natural distribution, and effects of artificial regulation on the growth and quality of licorice were summarized. RESULTS There are approximately 29 species of G. Linn. worldwide, including 15 species with medicinal value. These species occur on all continents except Antarctica across 41 countries. Only one licorice is recorded in Indian pharmacopoia,two species are recorded in US and Japanese pharmacopoeias,and three species are recorded in most national pharmacopoeias: G. glabra Linn., G. uralensis Fisch. and G. inflata Batalin. These three medicinal licorice species are mainly distributed in Eurasia, especially Central Asia. The main morphological differences between these three medicinal licorice species are in the leaves, inflorescences, pods, and seeds, and they can be distinguished by ITS and psbA-trnH sequences. The reserves of wild licorice in China have decreased annually to 1.04 million(t) in 2010. The cultivation area of G. uralensis Fisch in China is currently approximately 26,900 hm2. Soil conditions have a substantial effect on the yield and quality of G. uralensis Fisch, especially water and nutrients. Appropriate irrigation and fertilization measures can enhance the quality of G. uralensis Fisch. CONCLUSIONS G. Linn. species and their natural distributions were summarized. The morphology, genetic characteristics, suitable environment, and area of suitable habitat of three medicinal licorice species collected in major countries were described. The main environmental conditions and cultivation measures affecting their growth and medicinal quality were determined. This article provides a comprehensive review on G. Linn. medicinal plant resources to enhance the future use of these resources.

Shakeelur Rahman, Sahil Mehta, Azamal Husen