This article presents an in-depth analysis of individual financial organization as an essential toolfor economic autonomy and sustainable growth. The study explores fundamental concepts ofpersonal finance, financial planning, expense control, savings accumulation, financial education,and responsible investment, connecting these elements to economic stability and the developmentof a critical and productive mindset in financial matters. The methodology is based onbibliographic and documentary research, supported by contemporary authors and data fromfinancial institutions. The study concludes that financial organization not only contributes to thesustainability of personal finances but also promotes freedom of choice and improvements inquality of life.
Os dos fatores de produção essenciais à produção agropecuária é a terra. Contudo, o código florestal limita a área que o produtor pode realizar o corte raso objetivando à preservação ambiental. Essa restrição implica em um custo de oportunidade geralmente arcado integralmente pelos produtores rurais. Para calcular esse custo para os produtores representativos médios do Rio de Janeiro, foi utilizado a metodologia proposta por Zhou, Ang e Poh (2006). Os resultados indicaram que o custo de oportunidade varia proporcionalmente em relação à receita agropecuária dos produtores representativos médios, com perceptual que oscilou entre 3% a 95% da receita proveniente da atividade agropecuária. Destaca-se também que esse custo médio elevou entre os períodos analisados, que pode ser atribuído, dentre outros, à redução da área média do estabelecimento agropecuária. Como forma de reduzir esse custo podem ser implementados o Programa de Apoio e Incentivo à Preservação e Recuperação do Meio Ambiente previstos no Código Florestal.
Economic growth, development, planning, Economics as a science
Hamza Ait Zamzami, Mohammed Elaanzouli, Ayoub Zahrani
et al.
This study aimed to investigate the profound influence of tourism investment on the Northern Piedmont of the western High Atlas over 34 years in response to the escalating global trend of tourism-driven land-use changes, particularly in the Marrakesh region. In this context, the driving forces behind the significant transformation of agricultural land and bare soils into tourism-driven investments were evaluated as well as the critical role of accessibility in shaping spatial shifts. The method used high-resolution (10 m) satellite images from Spot 1 (1989), Spot 5 (2003 & 2010), and Sentinel 2 (2022) through remote sensing methods to investigate the historical land-use changes over 34 years. The results showed significant transformations in land-use based on the correlation between improved transportation infrastructure and the growth of tourism ventures, underscoring the role of roads and facilities as catalysts. The analysis suggested the need for reflection on the consequences of unregulated tourism growth, aiming to balance economic benefits with environmental and socio-cultural challenges in sensitive regions. Although tourism significantly contributed to economic development and employment opportunities, it also posed risks when not managed prudently. This underscored the need to strike a harmonious equilibrium between economic prosperity as well as preserving the unique natural beauty and cultural heritage of the region. The insights provided in this analysis had broader implications for responsible planning and management of tourism development in sensitive ecological and cultural regions. In conclusion, a thoughtful and sustainable approach was needed to safeguard the delicate balance between economic prosperity and environmental preservation.
No Estado de Goiás, a cadeia produtiva da carne bovina enfrenta o desafio de incorporar práticas sustentáveis que atendam a critérios ambientais, sociais e de governança corporativa (ESG), alinhados aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) propostos pela ONU. Esta análise destaca a urgência da adoção de modelo de produção que garanta a eficiência econômica e a segurança alimentar e, adicionalmente, promova a conservação ambiental e a equidade social. A pesquisa busca aplicar revisão de literatura e análise de dados organizacionais para mapear as práticas sustentáveis existentes e identificar áreas para melhorias. Com os resultados, espera-se contribuir para o avanço do desenvolvimento sustentável na cadeia produtiva da carne bovina, fomentando que a integração de práticas sustentáveis possa levar a um equilíbrio mais harmonioso entre a produção agropecuária e a preservação de recursos naturais, beneficiar a economia local, a comunidade e o meio ambiente.
A national economy which is dependent on income from just one source is vulnerable, especially when that income comes from non-renewable resources. The sustainable prosperity of an economy thus relies on the successful implementation of economic diversification. Diversification is key to creating an attractive, flourishing environment in a country and improving the quality of its institutions and its citizens’ lives. The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are accelerating their efforts to achieve economic diversification, with their national visions reflecting a shared aim of securing permanent high standards of living for future generations. After the first boom in oil prices in 1970, Saudi Arabia’s government introduced primary development plans to diversify its economy. In 2016, it announced its 2030 vision to establish sustainable growth through economic diversification. The economic diversification strategy of Saudi Arabia is founded on several pillars, including investment in human capital and education and investment in non-oil sectors such as tourism. This paper aims to analyze the economic diversification trends in the GCC region with a special focus on Saudi Arabia as a case study. Within this wider context, the paper will concentrate on Saudi Arabia’s efforts to achieve diversification by building a knowledge-based economy. Focusing on the quality of education and research improves the human capital available in the country which contributes to the growth of the economy. Results reveal that although Saudi Arabia has embarked on its diversification plans, the current status of oil prices, the deficit in the Saudi general budget, and the country’s traditional educational system will hinder and slow this process.
This study evaluates the impact of direct and indirect taxes, as well as public expenditure on transfers (monetary and in-kind, economic subsidies, healthcare, and education), on income distribution and poverty in Argentina. It utilizes a standard fiscal incidence analysis and combines data from the Permanent Household Survey (EPH) and the National Household Expenditure Survey (ENGHo). The findings indicate that fiscal policy has been a powerful instrument in reducing inequality and poverty. However, unusually high levels of public spending could potentially render the programs unsustainable.
Economic growth, development, planning, Economic history and conditions
Abstract The development of high-speed rail (HSR) plays an essential role in regional economic growth. HSR service facilitates labor mobility and intercity resource allocation and promotes industrial agglomeration. This paper examines a fundamental question related to large-scale HSR development in China: what is the impact of HSR development on urban economic efficiency? This question is investigated from three perspectives. Firstly, the role of HSR on regional economic efficiency is discussed theoretically from the perspective of an agglomeration economy. Secondly, a multi-phase Difference-in-Difference (DID) method was adopted to investigate whether the opening of HSR contributed to variations in urban economic efficiency. Thirdly, a threshold model was adopted to empirically examine the relationship between HSR service frequency and urban economic efficiency. The results show that the opening of HSR has a significant positive impact on urban economic efficiency; the longer the service is in operation, the higher the positive impact is. In addition, the opening of HSR was found to have a significant threshold effect on efficiency improvements in the service sector. In particular, the positive impact of HSR service frequency on urban economic efficiency is found to be two times larger in cities where the population density exceeds 763 people/km2 than other HSR cities with a density that is below the level. Overall, this study provides important implications for HSR operation and policymaking related to infrastructure planning and investment, which may facilitate more efficient economic growth among various cities.
The term "Green University" is commonly known as activities that have a vision for sustainable development. The term also indicates the important responsibility of higher education in developed countries to educate about the environment. In green universities, strict measures should be taken to control and remove environmental pollutants, such as organizing the university sewage, controlling produced solid waste, and even reducing air pollutants. An important solution proposed is to reduce energy consumption and use new, renewable, and bio-compatible energies, such as wind, water, and biomass energies instead of fossil fuels. Students should take advantage of the nature of green buildings or environmentally-friendly buildings in green universities so that, in addition to respecting environmental issues, they can be well-acquainted with the principles of environmental protection in a healthy environment. Accordingly, in addition to the use of books and articles, this study has referred to the internet databases of official authorities and green universities of the world to introduce part of the criteria, indicators, activities, programs, views, and successes of the pioneers of the sustainable development of the green university. This study aims to examine the criteria and models of green management and to examine the related actions and measures of Birjand University of Medical Sciences until 2021.
Abstract Green development is the direction of China’s agricultural sector. Investigating the main influencing factors of the agricultural sector’s CO2 emissions will help plan agricultural development and achieve low-carbon growth. This paper selects 2001–2016 panel data of China’s 30 provinces, and uses the nonparametric additive regression models to investigate the agricultural sector’s CO2 emissions. The empirical results show that economic growth, financial capacity, and energy intensity all have a “pull first, then restrict” inverted U-shaped nonlinear effect on CO2 emissions. However, the influencing mechanisms of these three influencing factors are different and need to be paid attention by relevant government departments. More complicated, the impact of urbanization on CO2 emission shows a gentle “M-shaped” pattern. In addition, an inverse “N-shaped” nonlinear link exists between trade openness and CO2 emissions. Therefore, government departments should formulate differentiated emission reduction policies at different stages.
Abstract Technological innovation integrated with strategic policies is vital for sustainable growth. This study aims to highlight the importance of technological innovation and governance institution quality on Malaysia's sustainable growth from 1985 through 2015. The dynamic relationships among gross domestic product, capital, employment, electricity consumption, technological innovation, governance institution quality, and the interaction of technological innovation and governance institution quality are examined. The augmented production function, F-bound, dynamic ordinary least squares, and Granger causality tests are utilized. The results confirm the dynamic relationship among the above variables. In the long run, unidirectional causality runs from governance institution quality and technological innovation-governance institution quality toward Malaysia's financial development. However, in the short run, there is bidirectional causality between financial development and economic growth. The interaction between technological innovation and governance institution quality has a significant positive impact on Malaysia's economy in the long run. Also, capital, employment, and electricity consumption have a positive significant impact on economic growth in the long run. These three variables are vital growth inputs and should be accompanied by technological innovation and governance institution quality. Well-planned and relevant policies can boost technological progress in Malaysia, slowly yet surely.
This study aims to examine the effects of monetary policy in Indonesia on real variables represented by output and nominal variables represented by inflation. This research is based on an autoregressive distributed model (ARDL) approach which includes lag for the dependent variable and its explanatory variables as regressors. So it is appropriate to analyze time-series data dynamically. Monetary policy variables include deposit interest rate, lending interest rate, asset/stock price, and exchange rate. The results show that the deposit interest rate has a negative effect on inflation in the short run, meanwhile, the lending interest rate has a negative effect on inflation in the long run. Also, the lending interest rate has an effective effect on output in the short run. This study also proves that stock price has a positive effect on the monetary transmission to inflation. This is an important finding considering that the value of assets and individual wealth can affect aggregate demand. These findings have implications for the importance of monetary policy as a policy of stabilizing inflation and output in the short run and stabilizing inflation in the long run by emphasizing the interest rate channel, in addition to seeing the importance of the asset price channel.
The purpose of the paper is to determine the relationship between different types of tourism safety and security, and components of the tourism entrepreneurship potential, to conduct a quantitative analysis of these indicators in the regions of Ukraine and to identify areas for ensuring the safety and security of the tourism entrepreneurship potential realization. Methodology. Analysis of tourism safety and security in Ukraine is based on the assessment of security potential indicator and the security threats indicator for 25 regions. These indicators take into account the following types of safety and security: security of tourist services, safety of tourist facilities and equipment, social security, political security, financial security, medical safety, information security, and ecological security. The impact of tourism safety and security on the tourism entrepreneurship potential realization is determined on the basis of correlation and regression analysis, where the indicator of the tourism entrepreneurship potential realization is the volume of domestic and inbound tourist flows in the region. The empirical basis of the study is the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 2019. The reliability of the regression model was tested on the basis of the approximation coefficient and Fisher's F-test. Results of the correlation analysis indicate a significant relationship between ensuring the safety and security of tourism in the region and the volume of domestic and inbound tourist flows. As a result of regression analysis, a model of a high level of reliability was obtained, which indicates how the volume of domestic and inbound tourist flows to the region increases with increasing the level of tourist safety and security by unit. Practical implications. Since the process of safety and security ensuring for the tourism entrepreneurship potential realization cannot be implemented exclusively at the regional level, it is justified the feasibility of a targeted public policy in eight areas. Value/originality. The identified relationship between the types of safety and security of tourism and components of the tourism entrepreneurship potential, as well as establishing the level of impact of safety and security of tourism on the tourism entrepreneurship potential realization in the region provide for a better understanding of ways for efficient governance in this area.
Mojtaba Rostami, Ali Farhadian, Mohammad Nabi Shahiki Tash
et al.
Scientific theories are a way of knowing man. The main difference between this method and other methods is the testability of its claims. Testability helps to correct scientific knowledge of error. In economics, this knowledge is created by using econometric methods and models. Assumptions Econometric models are called auxiliary assumptions. Two fundamental problems in econometrics that challenge testability; ignoring auxiliary assumptions and statistically significant. The Duhem (1904) stated that if the auxiliary assumptions are inconsistent with the reality falsity method will be questioned. In the present study, the Duhem problem in the EMH and financial data structure has been investigated. In another section, the use and interpretation of statistical significance is studied, which is usually evaluated with an index called p < /em>-value. While the p < /em>-value can be a good statistical metric, it is often misused and misinterpreted. As a result, some reputable scientific journals have banned the use of p < /em>-values. To make good use of this criterion in the econometric methodology, the recommendations of the American Statistical Association in this field have been discussed. In order to deal with the role of auxiliary assumptions, it is necessary to specify tests and pay attention to the data structure.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara empiris pengaruh ROA dan EPS secara bersamaan<br />terhadap Return Saham. Perusahaan terdaftar di BEI pada Sektor Kimia dan perusahaan telah berdasarkan<br />pada kriteria pengambilan sampel yang disebut purposive sampling. Data dalam penelitian ini bersifat<br />sekunder yang mana berdasarkan kriteria penelitian 6 dari keseluruhan populasi. Hasil penelitian berbeda<br />dari teori secara aplikasi dan prakteknya di dalam perusahaan. Artinya bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh <br />ROA dan EPS terhadap Return Saham pada perusahaan sektor kimia yang terdaftar di bursa efek <br />indonesia tahun 2011-2015”. Hasil akhirnya adalah terdapat pengaruh ROA dan EPS terhadap Return <br />Saham secara bersama-sama dengan proporsi yang didapatkan-6,4%.<br />KataKunci : ROA, EPS, danReturn Saham
Motywacja: W literaturze przedmiotu brakuje oceny efektywności pomocy rozwojowej otrzymywanej i świadczonej przez Indie. Korzyści wynikające z uzupełnienia istniejącej luki poznawczej były głównym motywem podjęcia tematu.
Cel: Celem artykułu jest ocena pomocy rozwojowej, kierowanej do Indii, jako jednego z wschodzących donatorów. Uwzględniono różne aspekty rozwoju, zwłaszcza w perspektywie najmniej zamożnych mieszkańców państwa.
Materiały i metody: Wykorzystano analizę literatury przedmiotu, analizę danych wtórnych, obserwację uczestniczącą oraz analizę wizualną.
Wyniki: Na podstawie przeglądu literatury oraz wniosków z obserwacji można wyciągnąć wniosek o braku skuteczności oraz efektywności pomocy rozwojowej zarówno otrzymywanej, jak i świadczonej przez Indie. Ponadto stwierdzono, że przypadek Indii wskazuje na niezgodność definicji pomocy rozwojowej jako instrumentu prowadzącego do rozwoju państw-beneficjentów, a raczej jako środka tworzenia relacji politycznych i ekonomicznych służących w głównej mierze państwom donatorom.
Economic growth, development, planning, Economics as a science
El trabajo presenta un compendio no exhaustivo de los antecedentes teóricos sobre la utilidad de los individuos y una sistematización analítica de diferentes propuestas de formas funcionales que la misma puede adoptar. Se presentan la función de utilidad con aversión al riesgo absoluta constante (CARA), la función con aversión al riesgo relativa constante (CRRA), la función con aversión al riesgo absoluta hiperbólica (HARA), la función Expo-Power (EP), la función de aversión al riesgo de potencia (PRA) y la función de tres parámetros flexibles (FTP). Para cada una de ellas se detallan las características intrínsecas en cuanto a las preferencias de los individuos, teniendo en cuenta los coeficientes de aversión absoluta y relativa al riesgo. Finalmente, se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad de la utilidad y los coeficientes de aversión al riesgo frente a cambios en el nivel de riqueza, mostrando cómo se comportan las diferentes funciones.
Labor. Work. Working class, Economic growth, development, planning