Hasil untuk "Early Christian literature. Fathers of the Church, etc."

Jesús Huertas Gómez

El monacato en la Hispania visigoda experimentó un auténtico florecimiento durante las últimas décadas del siglo VI y especialmente durante todo el siglo VII. Sin embargo, habitualmente resulta complicado poder aproximarse a la experiencia de las personas que protagonizaron este fenómeno debido a la naturaleza normativa de la mayoría de las fuentes. El objetivo de este artículo es, por tanto, tratar de explorar las causas y motivaciones que llevaron a los monjes, vírgenes y ascetas a dejar su vida secular y abrazar la vida religiosa. Para ello es necesario localizar en las fuentes textuales las referencias a estas personas y extraer la información posible sobre estos procesos personales. Asimismo, se analizará sucintamente la movilidad geográfica que llevaba aparejada normalmente el paso del mundo al siglo.

Łukasz Libowski

Tłumaczenie na język polski z komentarzem Kazania 19. wygłoszonego w «Basilica Restituta» w dniu «munerum» przez św. Augustyna.

Krzysztof Bardski

W artykule zostały przeanalizowane starożytne i średniowieczne interpretacje postaci wdowy w Ewangelii Łukasza w tradycji Kościoła zachodniego. Poczynając od Ambrożego (+397), przez Bedę Czcigodnego (+735), aż po kompilację Glossa Ordinaria (XII w.), postać wdowy przeważnie kojarzona była z Eklezją, czyli Kościołem. W toku rozważań zostały podjęte następujące problemy badawcze: W jaki sposób tekst biblijny sugeruje takie skojarzenie? Jakie potencjalne motywy symbolotwórcze tekstu biblijnego prowadzą do tego skojarzenia i jakie wynikają stąd dalsze implikacje? Jak wyglądał proceder interpretacyjny ówczesnych komentatorów, który prowadził do stworzenia takiej symboliki? I w końcu, na ile może być ona inspirująca dla współczesnego odbiorcy? Wdowa Anna, która z nadzieją tęskni, by ujrzeć Boże oblicze (Łk 2,36-38), wdowa z Sarepty Sydońskiej, której zagraża śmierć głodowa (Łk 4,25-26), wdowa z Nain, która cierpi z powodu śmierci syna (Łk 7,11-17), wdowa wytrwale błagająca sędziego, by wstawił się za nią (Łk 18,1-8) oraz wdowa wrzucająca dwa grosze do skarbony (Łk 21,1-4), obrazują Kościół wyglądający z nadzieją zmartwychwstania w czasach ostatecznych, otrzymujący duchowy pokarm Ciała Pańskiego, ufający w moc Chrystusa, który przywraca życie jej duchowo umarłym synom, wytrwale modlący się do Boga oraz na Nim opierający całą swoją egzystencję.

Johannes Aakjær Steenbuch

In early Christian thinking negative theology was often applied for polemi­cal purposes, as a means of asserting the Christian distinction between God and everything else. Only later did negative theology develop into a philosophical and contemplative method. But even then it often kept a polemical function. This was the case for Gregory of Nyssa who applied forms of negative theology in his spiritual and exegetical works as well as in his polemical works, especially those against Eunomius. Using a distinction between aphairetic and apophatic kinds of negative theology, it can be argued that Gregory’s theology, epistemology and philosophy of language, as developed during the Eunomian controversy, changed his negative theology in a fundamental way from an aphairetic theology, based on abstraction, to a thoroughly apophatic theology, based on negation in the sense of unsaying. It can further be argued that the results of this development influenced Gregory’s ethical theories, his moral epistemology in particular. The main texts in question, besides Gregory’s writings against Eunomius, are his early work on the inscriptions of the Psalms and his later work on the life of Moses. Both contain reflections on Moses’ spiritual development, but while the former uses mostly affirmative language, the latter involves a much higher degree of apophatic theo­logy. This change is likely to have occurred during the Eunomian controversy where such things as God’s infinity and the inability of human beings to grasp the divine essence became fundamental in such a way that apophatic, rather than aphairetic, language and thinking gained a central role in Gregory’s theology as well as ethics.

Józef Figiel

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Paweł Wygralak

The article took up the problem of evil in magic in the teaching of the Church Fathers. The ancient priests were convinced that magic was the work of the devil himself. Even the pagan world believed that every mage must have had his own demon, who was the source of their strength. Thus a mage remains at a constant relationship with the devil on whom he is dependent. It can be even said that magic leads inevitably to the worship of the devil. Those who practice magic or seek advice from fortune-tellers and astrologers, put themselves at the devil’s dis­posal, since they make their life decisions dependent on the results of divination or star system. The most serious form of enslavement is demonic possession. Few of the Church Fathers links possession with magic practice, whereas all agree that magic seriously weakens confidence in Divine Providence and leads to a spiritual split, which results in simultaneous participation in the Christian practices and the use of magic services.

Wincenty Myszor

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Brunon Zgraja

This article presents the development of the meaning of arete in the sources from Homer to Albinus (VIII B.C. - II A.D.), which, together with changes happening in the economical, social, political and cultural life of the ancient Greece, began to mean all that gives to a person or to a thing a special value: a bodilly one, a practical, moral and intellectual one. Moreover, the way leading to achievement of arete, as well as the values resulting from its possession, has been presented.

Bożena Stawoska-Jundziłł

The paper relates to the information contained in the Early Christian inscriptions from Rome (IC V R v. 1 - 1 0 ), from the fourth to sixth century, concerning boys below 8 years of age and referred to in the epitaphs by the term puer. The age was selected so that the information concerned children and not teenagers when the overtone of such expression could have sexual connotations. There are only 38 such epitaphs for 1962 children in the above mentioned age (1.9% ). More than a half of them (20) are very modest containing only name, age and sometimes the simplest epithet and motto (bm, in pace). The rest however include the information typical of other children’s epitaphs, posthumous descriptions, baptism details and allusions to the social background. The founders of the tomb stones are parents (10) and then the term puer is additional, even tender but also anonymous people (28) when the term could signify a slave (only one sure case) or a foster child, a boy who knew the faith (puer in fide). In my opinion they must have been orphans brought up by the community, sometimes assigned to serve in the Church (especially boys called puer nomine X ).

Oleksandr Kashchuk

W opracowaniu

Sally Garen

Hay un número de motivos en el arte peninsular del siglo séptimo que tienen contrapartes en el arte sasánida y temprano islámico. Estos motivos particulares no son evidentes en el arte ibérico y deben de haber venido del arte sasánida de la primera parte del siglo siete y entonces del arte islámico del fin de este siglo y antes de la conquista de la Península en el año 711.

Augustyn Eckmann

sprawozdanie

Stanisław Longosz

bibliografia

Marta Przyszychowska

It seems there could be no connection of the biblical truth on the subject of creation with philosophy, which has never known the idea of creation. Nonetheless, several attempts have been made to unify them. The article presents three that are most renowned: of Philo, Origen and Gregory of Nyssa. They have one important feature in common: under the influence of Platonism, all three speak of dual creation.

Rafael González Fernández

El objelo de nuestro trabajo es intentar aproximarnos a la figura de los godos en la historiografía del siglo XV. El tema del mito gótico es una clave primordial para la comprensión de nuestro pensamiento histórico. Este mismo tema ha sido investigado por Hans Messmer, que estudia el mito del pueblo godo, basándose en fuentes hispanorromanas principalmente m. Otro excelente trabajo es el de José Antonio Mara valí, en el cual estudia el mito gótico desde la invasión musulmana hasta el siglo XIV, es decir, toda la época medievalra. (...)

Alejandro Egea Vivancos

Wincenty Urban

Hoc in articulo descriptae sunt quinque dissertationes studentium theologiae de rebus patristicis, praesertim S. Cypriani, in Universitate Vratislaviensi uti "opera praemii" saeculo XIX compositae.

Lorenzo Abad Casal

En este artículo se hace mención de algunos epígrafes del Tolmo de Minateda. Estas inscripciones aparecieron en la zona del Reguerón un conjunto de caminos defensivos que daban acceso al Tolmo. La parte más importante de este artículo es el estudio de las inscripciones honoríficas, conmemorativas y funerarias.

Thomas R. Hurst

Th. Hurst, vice-recteur du Seminaire Sainte-Marie a Baltimore, ou il est, aussi professeur d’Ecriture sainte, Nouveau Testament; est specialiste de la patrologie syriaque.

Luciana Maria Mirri

recenzja