Hasil untuk "Discourse analysis"

Chris J. Martin

Teresa Barrio Traspaderne

Sylvain Firer-Blaess, C. Fuchs

The task of this article is to analyze the political economy of Wikipedia. We discuss the specifics of Wikipedia’s mode of production. The basic principles of what we call the info-communist mode of production will be presented. Our analysis is grounded in Marxist philosophy and Marxist political economy, and is connected to the current discourse about the renewal and reloading of the idea of communism that is undertaken by thinkers like Slavoj Žižek and Alain Badiou. We explore to which extent Wikipedia encompasses principles that go beyond the capitalist mode of production and represent the info-communist mode of production. We present the subjective dimension of the mode of production (cooperative labor), the objective dimension of the mode of production (common ownership of the means of production), and the subject–object dimension of the mode of production (the effects and products of the mode of production).

Ron Martin

P. Black, D. Wiliam

Whilst many definitions of formative assessment have been offered, there is no clear rationale to define and delimit it within broader theories of pedagogy. This paper aims to offer such a rationale, within a framework which can also unify the diverse set of practices which have been described as formative. The analysis is used to relate formative assessment both to other pedagogic initiatives, notably cognitive acceleration and dynamic assessment, and to some of the existing literature on models of self-regulated learning and on classroom discourse. This framework should indicate potentially fruitful lines for further enquiry, whilst at the same time opening up new ways of helping teachers to implement formative practices more effectively.

Clive Seale

N. Hara, Curtis J. Bonk, C. Angeli

Jeannett Martin

Helene Ahl

Research articles on women's entrepreneurship reveal, in spite of intentions to the contrary and in spite of inconclusive research results, a tendency to recreate the idea of women as being secondary to men and of women's businesses being of less significance or, at best, as being a complement. Based on a discourse analysis, this article discusses what research practices cause these results. It suggests new research directions that do not reproduce women's subordination but capture more and richer aspects of women's entrepreneurship.

J. Wertsch

1. Vygotsky: The Man and His Theory 2. Vygotsky's Genetic Method 3. The Social Origins of Higher Mental Functions 4. Vygotsky's Semiotic Analysis 5. Extending Vygotsky's Semiotic Analysis: Propositional and Discourse Referentiality 6. Semiotic Mechanisms in Vygotsky's Genetic Law of Cultural Development 7. Units of Psychological Functioning: Consciousness, Word Meaning, and Action 8. Mind and Society Notes Bibliography Name Index Subject Index

M. Foucault

J. Sinclair, R. Carter

P. Benckendorff, A. Zehrer

S. Herring

Christiane Dalton-Puffer

Zeynep Ertuğrul, Emmanuel Szurek

This first section examines the enduring presence of the genocide in the public sphere of the 1930s. It challenges the widespread notion that the crime was relegated to silence following the founding of the Republic and only reemerged in public debate from the 1970s onward. In contrast to a historiography that privileges printed sources—particularly memoirs—an analysis of archival material produced by provincial actors fully embedded within the state-party apparatus reveals the material and immaterial persistence of the crime in interwar Turkey. Conceived as a mechanism linking the legal state to the population, the republican celebration offers, at the local level, a privileged site for observing such resurgences. The analysis proceeds in two parts: first, a reflection on the very category of the “post-genocidal,” as it has developed over the past fifteen years within the field of contemporary Turkish studies; second, a field-based inquiry centered on the People’s House of Gaziantep. The aim is to trace the continuities—particularly biographical—between extreme violence and the public staging of politics.

Laura Patrício Macedo

PT. A identidade de dois grupos profissionais é abordada neste estudo através da relação que desenvolvem com o registro fotográfico de cenas de crime, onde produzem representações diversas de um mesmo evento, a partir de práticas, públicos e objetivos particulares ao espaço em que estão inseridos. Utilizando entrevistas em profundidade com três fotojornalistas e três peritos criminais do Distrito Federal (Brasil), buscou-se compreender, em uma análise comparativa, as motivações e escolhas pessoais que os levaram ao ingresso e permanência em suas carreiras. Também são investigadas as formas de socialização a que foram submetidos os entrevistados para se tornarem participantes dos seus meios profissionais, assim como as margens percebidas para improvisação e inovação de suas formas de agir dentro de seus grupos. Através das fotografias de cena de crime que produzem, a objetividade foi reivindicada como um valor comum à ideologia de ambos os meios. No entanto, enquanto na fotografia forense, esta foi identificada em um excesso de conteúdo e de exposição, no fotojornalismo, o valor foi percebido em uma capacidade de interpretação e resumo dos fatos ao seu público. A relação com o tempo foi investigada através dos discursos dos fotojornalistas, como forma de entender a proximidade entre trabalho e vida pessoal que possuem com a profissão, além das pressões e o ritmo de produção desses profissionais, que estão mais vulneráveis em um contexto de precarização do trabalho. A análise da gestão de interações, possibilitou perceber como os profissionais se posicionam e lidam com as injunções impostas pelos outros atores envolvidos em suas rotinas de atuação. Um último tópico relacionado a questões de gênero foi levantado a partir dos discursos coletados, que indicaram um desconforto com a presença feminina nas duas carreiras. Por fim, o estudo foi capaz de acessar particularidades das identidades profissionais da perícia criminal e do fotojornalismo no Brasil. *** FR. Cette étude aborde l'identité de deux groupes professionnels au travers de leur rapport à l'enregistrement photographique des scènes de crime, où ils produisent des représentations différentes du même événement, en fonction des pratiques, des publics et des objectifs propres à la sphère dans laquelle ils s’insèrent. Sur la base d’entretiens approfondis avec trois photojournalistes et trois criminalistes du District fédéral (Brésil), j’ai cherché à comprendre, par une analyse comparative, les motivations et les choix personnels qui les ont conduits à exercer ces métiers et à poursuivre leur carrière. Je me suis aussi intéressée aux formes de socialisation auxquelles ils ont été soumis pour s’insérer dans leurs milieux professionnels, ainsi qu’aux marges d'improvisation et d'innovation qu’ils perçoivent dans leurs manières d'agir au sein de leurs groupes. Dans les photographies de scènes de crime produites, l’objectivité a été revendiquée comme une valeur commune aux deux professions. Néanmoins, alors que pour les criminalistes, cette dernière était identifiée à une profusion de contenus et d'expositions, les photojournalistes la percevaient plutôt comme une capacité à interpréter et à résumer les faits à destination de leur public. Le rapport au temps a par ailleurs été étudié à travers les discours des photojournalistes, afin de mieux comprendre la proximité établie entre leur travail et leur vie personnelle, mais aussi les pressions subies et le rythme de production de ces professionnels, devenus plus vulnérables dans un contexte de précarisation de l’emploi. L’analyse de la gestion des interactions a permis de saisir comment ces derniers se positionnent et gèrent les injonctions émanant des autres acteurs impliqués dans leurs routines de travail. Les discours recueillis ont aussi conduit à soulever les questions de genre et révélé un certain inconfort face à la présence de femmes dans ces deux professions. Enfin, l'étude a permis de dégager certaines spécificités des identités professionnelles de la criminalistique et du photojournalisme au Brésil. *** EN. This study addresses the identity of two professional groups through their relationship to the photographic recording of crime scenes, where they produce different representations of the same event, depending on the practices, audiences and objectives specific to the sphere in which they operate. On the basis of in-depth interviews with three photojournalists and three criminal experts from Brazil’s Federal District, we sought to understand, through a comparative analysis, the motivations and personal choices that led them to pursue these professions and to continue their careers. The forms of socialisation to which the interviewees were subjected in order to become participants in their professional circles were also investigated, as was the perceived scope for improvisation and innovation in their ways of acting within their groups. In the crime scene photographs produced, objectivity was claimed as a value common to both professions. However, while in forensic photography, this was identified through an excess of content and exposure, in photojournalism, the value was perceived through the ability to interpret and summarise the facts for their audience. The relationship with time was also studied through the discourse of photojournalists, in order to better understand the complexity of their work-life balance, as well as the pressures and the pace of production expected of these professionals, who have become more vulnerable in a context of job insecurity. The analysis of the management of interactions made it possible to understand how they position themselves and manage the demands from the other actors involved in their work routines. The collected discourses also raised gender issues and revealed a certain discomfort with the presence of women in these two professions. Finally, the study was able to access certain specificities of the professional identities of those working in criminal investigation and photojournalism in Brazil. *** ES. En este estudio, la identidad de dos grupos profesionales se aborda a través de la relación que desarrollan con el registro fotográfico de escenas del crimen, donde producen diferentes representaciones de un mismo hecho, a partir de prácticas, públicos y objetivos particulares del espacio en el que se insertan. Mediante entrevistas en profundidad con tres fotoperiodistas y tres peritos judiciales del Distrito Federal (Brasil), se busca comprender, a través de un análisis comparativo, las motivaciones y elecciones personales que los llevaron a ingresar y permanecer en sus carreras. También se investigan las formas de socialización a las que se sometieron los entrevistados para llegar a ser partícipes de sus círculos profesionales, así como el margen de improvisación e innovación que perciben en sus formas de actuar dentro de sus grupos. Por medio de las fotografías de la escena del crimen que producen, se reivindicó la objetividad como valor común a la ideología de ambos medios. Sin embargo, mientras que en la fotografía forense esta se identificaba en un exceso de contenido y exposición, en el fotoperiodismo el valor se percibía en la capacidad de interpretar y resumir los hechos para su público. La relación con el tiempo se investigó mediante los discursos de los fotoperiodistas, como forma de entender la proximidad entre el trabajo y la vida personal que tienen con la profesión, así como las presiones y el ritmo de producción de estos profesionales, que se ven más vulnerables en un contexto de precarización del trabajo. El análisis de la gestión de interacciones permitió ver cómo los profesionales se posicionan y afrontan los mandatos impuestos por los demás actores implicados en sus rutinas de actuación. Un último tema relacionado con las cuestiones de género surgió de los discursos recogidos, que indicaban un malestar con la presencia de mujeres en ambas carreras. Finalmente, el estudio pudo acceder a particularidades de las identidades profesionales de la pericia judicial y del fotoperiodismo en Brasil. ***

Mark M. Bailey, Mark I. Heiligman

How can we detect when global events fundamentally reshape public discourse? This study introduces a topological framework for identifying structural change in media narratives using persistent homology. Drawing on international news articles surrounding major events - including the Russian invasion of Ukraine (Feb 2022), the murder of George Floyd (May 2020), the U.S. Capitol insurrection (Jan 2021), and the Hamas-led invasion of Israel (Oct 2023) - we construct daily co-occurrence graphs of noun phrases to trace evolving discourse. Each graph is embedded and transformed into a persistence diagram via a Vietoris-Rips filtration. We then compute Wasserstein distances and persistence entropies across homological dimensions to capture semantic disruption and narrative volatility over time. Our results show that major geopolitical and social events align with sharp spikes in both H0 (connected components) and H1 (loops), indicating sudden reorganization in narrative structure and coherence. Cross-correlation analyses reveal a typical lag pattern in which changes to component-level structure (H0) precede higher-order motif shifts (H1), suggesting a bottom-up cascade of semantic change. An exception occurs during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, where H1 entropy leads H0, possibly reflecting top-down narrative framing before local discourse adjusts. Persistence entropy further distinguishes tightly focused from diffuse narrative regimes. These findings demonstrate that persistent homology offers a mathematically principled, unsupervised method for detecting inflection points and directional shifts in public attention - without requiring prior knowledge of specific events. This topological approach advances computational social science by enabling real-time detection of semantic restructuring during crises, protests, and information shocks.

Willem van der Maden, Vera van der Burg, Brett A. Halperin et al.

This essay examines how Generative AI (GenAI) is rapidly transforming design practices and how discourse often falls into over-simplified narratives that impede meaningful research and practical progress. We identify and deconstruct five prevalent "semantic stopsigns" -- reductive framings about GenAI in design that halt deeper inquiry and limit productive engagement. Reflecting upon two expert workshops at ACM conferences and semi-structured interviews with design practitioners, we analyze how these stopsigns manifest in research and practice. Our analysis develops mid-level knowledge that bridges theoretical discourse and practical implementation, helping designers and researchers interrogate common assumptions about GenAI in their own contexts. By recasting these stopsigns into more nuanced frameworks, we provide the design research community with practical approaches for thinking about and working with these emerging technologies.

Guangliang Liu, Zimo Qi, Xitong Zhang et al.

Moral self-correction has emerged as a promising approach for aligning the output of Large Language Models (LLMs) with human moral values. However, moral self-correction techniques are subject to two primary paradoxes. First, despite empirical and theoretical evidence to support the effectiveness of self-correction, this LLM capability only operates at a superficial level. Second, while LLMs possess the capability of self-diagnosing immoral aspects of their output, they struggle to identify the cause of this moral inconsistency during their self-correction process. To better understand and address these paradoxes, we analyze the discourse constructions in fine-tuning corpora designed to enhance moral self-correction, uncovering the existence of the heuristics underlying effective constructions. We demonstrate that moral self-correction relies on discourse constructions that reflect heuristic shortcuts, and that the presence of these heuristic shortcuts during self-correction leads to inconsistency when attempting to enhance both self-correction and self-diagnosis capabilities jointly. Based on our findings, we propose a solution to improve moral self-correction by leveraging the heuristics of curated datasets. We also highlight the generalization challenges of this capability, particularly in terms of learning from situated context and model scales.