Hasil untuk "Dermatology"

R. Darlenski, N. Tsankov

The world has changed dramatically since the COVID-19 pandemic began. In addition to our social, occupational, and personal lives, the new coronavirus also poses novel challenges for all physicians, including dermatologists. Several skin conditions have emerged, mainly as a result of prolonged contact with personal protective equipment and excessive personal hygiene. Pressure injury, contact dermatitis, itch, pressure urticaria, and exacerbation of preexisting skin diseases, including seborrheic dermatitis and acne, have been described. We have focused on the dermatologic aspects of the COVID-19 infection so that dermatologists are aware of the skin complications and preventive measures can be taken in the COVID-19 pandemic.

M. Zasada, E. Budzisz

Vitamin A is the first vitamin approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an anti-wrinkle agent that changes appearance of the skin surface and has anti-aging effects. Vitamin A is in a group of fat-soluble substances and belongs to the category of retinoids. Apart from retinol, that group includes structurally related substances with the biological properties of retinol. Since the biological activity of the substances differs, for the purpose of standardization, it is given in retinol equivalents. Vitamin A and its derivatives are among the most effective substances slowing the aging process. Retinoids regulate the cell apoptosis, differentiation and proliferation. Anti-wrinkle properties of retinoids promote keratinocytes proliferation, strengthen the protective function of the epidermis, restrain transepidermal water loss, protect collagen against degradation and inhibit metalloproteinases activity. Retinoid activity is related to high affinity for nuclear receptors: RAR – retinoid acid receptors and RXR – retinoid X receptors.

S. Recalcati, T. Barbagallo, L. A. Frasin et al.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic condition, yet little is known about its dermatologic manifestations. We report here on peculiar (perniosis-like) skin lesions, unreported in the previous years, observed in young outpatients visited in our Dermatologic Unit in the last 4 weeks of COVID-19 pandemic (March-April 2020). Similar cases were referred to us in the same period by Pediatricians and Dermatologists from Italy and European countries.

H. Fujita, T. Terui, K. Hayama et al.

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare disease characterized by recurrent fever and systemic flushing accompanied by extensive sterile pustules. The committee of the guidelines was founded as a collaborative project between the Japanese Dermatological Association and the Study Group for Rare Intractable Skin Diseases under the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare Research Project on Overcoming Intractable Diseases. The aim of the guidelines was to provide current information to aid in the treatment of patients with GPP in Japan. Its contents include the diagnostic and severity classification criteria for GPP, its pathogenesis, and recommendations for the treatment of GPP. Since there are few clinical trial data with high levels of evidence for this rare disease, recommendations by the committee are described in the present guidelines.

Svati Pazhyanur, BS, Jihoon Baang, MD, May P. Chan, MD et al.

Shivani Sinha, G. Lin, K. Ferenczi

The microbiome plays a significant role in human health, homeostasis, immune system, and disease pathogenesis. Disrupted communication between the microbiome and host has been extensively studied in gastrointestinal diseases. To a lesser extent, there is emerging research on the skin microbiome and its connection with the gut, referred to as the gut-skin axis and its effects on dermatologic conditions. A basic overview will be provided of the gut and skin microbiome with a focus on the impact of this connection on cutaneous diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, acne vulgaris, photoaging, and cutaneous wounds. In addition, we shall discuss nutrition-based approaches mediated through the gut-skin axis and topical treatments that could serve as potential adjunctive management by manipulation of the microbiome. In particular, there is a growing body of research on oral probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications that may help improve symptoms for a variety of dermatologic conditions in select demographic groups.

Dominique Mosley, BS, MD, Christopher Madden, BS, Jacqueline Ike, MHS et al.

Bing Chen, Ling-yu Gao, Qiu-ju Chu et al.

ABSTRACT The number of pediatric respiratory tract infection cases in China has significantly increased this year, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the main pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of M. pneumoniae in children in the Anhui region and to provide evidence for the prevention and control strategies of M. pneumoniae in children in this region. A total of 66,488 pediatric patients with respiratory tract infection were enrolled from January 2015 to November 2023 in this study. The results of this study exhibited that M. pneumoniae infection in the Anhui region was characterized by a high positive rate during 2021–2023, especially this year is considered a year of pandemic for M. pneumoniae infection. Moreover, the positive rate of M. pneumoniae in female children is significantly higher than in male children, and the infection rate of M. pneumoniae in children increases significantly with age, particularly in school-aged children.IMPORTANCEThe number of pediatric respiratory tract infection cases in China has significantly increased this year, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the main pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of M. pneumoniae in children in the Anhui region and provide evidence for the prevention and control strategies of M. pneumoniae in children in this region.

S. Han, Y. J. Kim, I. Moon et al.

A randomized trial (KCT0005614; https://cris.nih.go.kr) was conducted in a tertiary care institute in South Korea, to validate whether artificial intelligence (AI) could augment the accuracy of non-expert physicians in the real-world settings which included diverse out-of-distribution conditions. Four non-dermatology trainees and four dermatology residents examined the randomly allocated patients with skin lesions suspicious of skin cancer with or without the real-time assistance of AI algorithm (https://b2020.modelderm.com#world; convolutional neural networks). Using 576 consecutive cases (Fitzpatrick skin phototypes III or IV) with suspicious lesions out of the initial 603 recruitments, the accuracy of the AI-assisted group (n=295, 53.9%) was significantly higher than those of the Unaided group (n=281, 43.8%; P=0.019). The augmentation was more significant from 54.7% (n=150) to 30.7% (n=138; P<0.0001) in the non-dermatology trainees who had the least experience in dermatology. The augmentation was not significant in the dermatology residents. The algorithm could help the trainees in the AI-assisted group include more differential diagnoses than the Unaided group (2.09 diagnoses versus 1.95; P=0.0005). In this single-center, unmasked, paralleled, randomized controlled trial, the multiclass AI algorithm augmented the diagnostic accuracy of non-expert physicians in dermatology.

M. Chren, M. Chren, R. Lasek et al.

Priya Yadav, Mudsser Azam, V Ramesh et al.

Leishmaniasis significantly affects the population of the tropics and subtropics. Clinical features and infective species of <i>Leishmania</i> are the primary factors driving the direction of diagnosis. The rise in incidences of atypical presentations present a challenge in patient treatment. Knowledge of unusual/rare presentations can aid in having a broader perspective for including the different aspects during the examination and thus avoid misdiagnosis. A comprehensive literature survey was performed to present the array of atypical presentations confounding clinicians which have been seen in leishmaniasis. Case reports of unusual findings based on the localizations and morphology of lesions and infective species and the predominant geographical sites over almost five decades highlight such presentations in the population. Information regarding the clinical features recorded in the patient and the chosen treatment was extracted to put forward the preferred drug regimen in such cases. This comprehensive review presents various unusual observations seen in visceral leishmaniasis, post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. It highlights the need to consider such features in association with differential diagnosis to facilitate proper treatment of the patient.

Beatriz Coutinho de Oliveira, Ailton Alvaro da Silva, Marton Kaique de Andrade Cavalcante et al.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a Neglected Tropical Disease characterized by skin ulcers caused by <i>Leishmania</i> spp. protozoans and there is no safe and effective vaccine to reduce its negative consequences. In a previous work by our group, we identified T cell epitopes of <i>Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis</i> which stimulated patients’ T cells in vitro. In the present work, the peptides were tested as two pools for their ability to rescue memory T cells during natural infection by Leishmania. We analyzed the frequency of central memory (TCM, CD45RA-CD62L+) and effector memory (TEM, CD45RA + CD62L-) cells during active CL and post-treatment. In parallel, we investigated cell proliferation levels and the cytokines produced after stimulation. Interestingly, we observed higher frequencies (%) in CD4+ TEM during CL, and CD8+ TEM and CD8+ TCM during CL and post-treatment. Cell proliferation was increased, and a significant difference in expression was observed on T-bet and RORγT. Besides that, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-10 were detected in patient samples. Collectively, this dataset suggests that during CL there is an increase in the frequency of TCM and TEM, especially in the CD8 compartment. These results indicate a potentially immunogenic profile of the peptide pools, which can support the development of anti-Leishmania formulations.

Gowtham Saravanan, Hima Gopinath, Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan et al.

A. Herman, O. Aerts, M. Baeck et al.

Reinhard Dummer, A. Hauschild, N. Lindenblatt et al.

A. Grant, T. Gonzalez, Michael O. Montgomery et al.

Ahmet Rıfat Balık, Ahmet Omma, Sevinç Can Sandıkçı et al.

INTRODUCTION: Gout is a common and easily treated disease characterized by the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in both joints and other tissues. Monosodium urate crystals are the main stimulants for initiating and maintaining an inflammatory response. Oxidative stress is also an early change in gout pathogenesis together with inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the presence of oxidative stress in gout together with thiol–disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels. We aimed to compare these parameters with inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). METHODS: Levels of native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, IMA, CRP, and hsCRP were detected in patients with gout (n=50) and healthy subjects (n=50). Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for istatistical analysis. RESULTS: Native thiol, total thiol, and index 3 (native thiol/total thiol×100) were significantly lower in the patient group, while disulfide, index 1 (disulfide/native thiol×100), index 2 disulfide/total thiol×100), IMA, CRP, and hsCRP were significantly higher. In addition, elevation in native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels was detected as disease duration increased. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The present study has shown the role of oxidant damage in gout disease. Additional studies are needed to identify sources of oxidative stress in gout.

B. Wang, L. Shi, Y. F. Zhang et al.

D. Deberker, J. McGregor, Mohd Mustapa Mf et al.

British Association of Dermatologists’ guidelines for the care of patients with actinic keratosis 2017 D. de Berker, J.M. McGregor, M.F. Mohd Mustapa, L.S. Exton and B.R. Hughes Bristol Dermatology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, U.K. Department of Dermatology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, U.K. British Association of Dermatologists, Willan House, 4 Fitzroy Square, London W1T 5HQ, U.K. Portsmouth Dermatology Centre, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth PO3 6AD, U.K.

L. Evers, D. Bhavsar, P. Mailänder