Résumé : La Déclaration de l’indépendance du Congo Léopoldville connue comme la Déclaration conjointe entre les Gouvernements congolais et belge est un document le plus important pour démontrer que ce pays est maintenant une république. Cette déclaration de l’indépendance constitue les archives de souveraineté de la République Démocratique du Congo. En 2021, une étude interdisciplinaire mettant en évidence la chercheure en Archivistique et en Archivologie Bobdiane Bobutaka a été réalisée en vue de mettre en exergue les considérations archivosociométriques et légistologiques valorisant ainsi le texte officiel de la décolonisation de son pays en 2021.
Mots-clés : Déclaration de l’Indépendance du Congo Léopoldville, Archives de la colonisation, Legistologie, Archivosociométrie, RD Congo
Arts in general, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Abstract : The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in media work has transformed the industry by offering enhanced efficiency in data collection, analysis, and content production. However, the growing reliance on AI introduces ethical and professional dilemmas that may compromise core media values. This paper examines the impact of AI on media work, focusing on challenges related to values such as objectivity, privacy, and transparency. It presents recommendations for addressing these challenges through diverse training data, robust privacy policies, and increased transparency about AI use. By confronting these issues, media organizations can balance the advantages of AI with the need to uphold ethical standards and maintain public trust.
Keywords : Values , Artificial Intelligence, media ethics, transparency, bias, media work.
Arts in general, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
The study is devoted to the analysis of forms of intertextuality in postmodern drama on the example of Wendy Wasserstein's play “Old Money”. Postmodernism, as a cultural paradigm, is characterized by complex relations with its own history and traditions. The article explores how the use of various texts, allusions, and cultural references in “Old Money” contributes to the creation of a multilayered and complex text characteristic of postmodern drama. By analyzing the intertextual relations in this play, the purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of Wasserstein's postmodern creative approach and their influence on the perception and interpretation of the playwright's text.
The results of the study may be useful for further understanding of intertextual strategies in postmodern literature and studying postmodern aspects in the work of Wendy Wasserstein.
The study of intertextuality in “Old Money” allowed us to better understand and evaluate the artistic world of the play, to reveal the relationship between texts and contexts that interact in creating meaning. We have identified the features and significance of each of the intertextual allusions, as well as their impact on the perception and interpretation of the play. In addition, the analysis of intertextual connections shed light on the specificity and value of the author's own creative method, revealing his cultural and intellectual preferences.
Key words: intertextuality, postmodernism, allusion, drama.
Discourse analysis, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Michele Andrade de Brito, José Raimundo Fernandes, Pedro Henrique Berbert de Carvalho
et al.
This study investigates the acute effects of CrossFit training on cognition and physiological parameters across different performance stages. We focused on evaluating the impact of such training on both the mental and physical performance of athletes classified as Elite, Advanced, and Beginners. The objective was to explore how CrossFit, known for its high-intensity and varied functional movements, influences cognitive functions and physiological responses in athletes of varying expertise. By comparing these groups both before and after the Workout of the Day (WOD), we aimed to understand the relationship between CrossFit training intensity and cognitive and physiological changes. Methodologically, our approach involved categorizing our sample into three groups: Elite (n=7), Advanced (n=10), and Beginners (n=15). We conducted comprehensive assessments of each participant's cognitive and physiological parameters pre- and post-WOD. The results revealed notable differences in performance time, with Elite athletes showing significantly quicker times compared to Advanced and Beginners. Cognitive functions, particularly executive functions like reading, counting, choice-making, shifting, inhibition, and flexibility, also varied significantly across the groups. Physiological measurements, including lactate stages and heart rate, further highlighted these differences. Remarkably, Elite athletes exhibited a 13.1 mmol average lactate level, lower than their counterparts, and a higher average heart rate of 188.0 bpm. In terms of cognitive functions, differences were observed in various executive tasks, showcasing the nuanced impact of high-intensity exercise on cognitive abilities. In conclusion, our study provides compelling evidence that high-intensity CrossFit training positively influences executive functions. These findings are quantified through substantial variations in performance times, executive function tasks, lactate stages, and heart rates, offering critical insights into the multidimensional benefits of CrossFit training across different competitive stages.
Computational linguistics. Natural language processing, Semantics
Resumen: El presente artículo versa sobre el tema de “La familia como fuente de felicidad e incomodidad en El llanto de la perra (2005) de Guillermina Mekuy y quédate este día y esta noche conmigo (2017) de Belén Gopegui”. Basándose sobre la sociocrítica como una teoría literaria social, se destaca de nuestro análisis que la familia es una realidad ambivalente si la relacionamos con la felicidad. Por una parte, es el zócalo de nuestro bienestar. Los miembros de nuestra familia pueden contribuir en nuestra felicidad brindándonos por ejemplo el amor, la solidaridad, la protección, la compañía, la herencia, los estudios, la comida, el empleo, etc. Sin embargo, por otra parte, existen desafíos que afrontar en la medida en que en el seno de la familia pueden encontrarse probablemente discordias, dictaduras, engaños, divorcios, violos, etc. que nos incomodan y nos dañan a veces en la conquista de la felicidad. Esta ambivalencia de la familia puede explicarse en parte por la manera como se fundaron los hogares. De ahí la necesidad de bodas consentidas que, por lo general, son fuentes de felicidad de todos en la familia pues, cabe decirlo, la familia es sagrada y muy importante para la felicidad del Hombre.
Palabras-claves: familia, felicidad, incomodidad, personaje, sociocrítica
Arts in general, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Abstract Deep Neural Networks (DNN’s) present some of the leading applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) which have proven suitability on various machine-learning use cases. Forecasting demand of intermittent on-line sales is a task which needs to be carried out automatically for a large number of Stock Keeping Units (SKU’s). This paper discusses the intermittent online sales and proposes an AI-based model for forecasting demand. We provide empirical evidence by utilizing data from 17 different sellers with approximately 3000 orders in total. Our findings indicate that thanks to their multi-layered learning structure, the DNN’s can provide up to 35% better accuracy than the classic models such as Moving Average, Exponential Smoothing, Croston’s method and ARIMA. Also, it was revealed that the time between orders’ arrivals follow Exponential distribution and the order sizes also generally follow Exponential distribution. Thus, most of the time, Poisson Exponential distribution can be used for modelling intermittent sales process through online platforms. The analyses show that Poisson Exponential distribution can generate values close to real sales with less than 7% error margin with real data.
Computational linguistics. Natural language processing, Electronic computers. Computer science
AbstractGreedy algorithms for NLP such as transition-based parsing are prone to error propagation. One way to overcome this problem is to allow the algorithm to backtrack and explore an alternative solution in cases where new evidence contradicts the solution explored so far. In order to implement such a behavior, we use reinforcement learning and let the algorithm backtrack in cases where such an action gets a better reward than continuing to explore the current solution. We test this idea on both POS tagging and dependency parsing and show that backtracking is an effective means to fight against error propagation.
Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
AbstractBecause the 2020 ACL Lifetime Achievement Award presentation could not be done in person, we replaced the usual LTA talk with an interview between Professor Kathy McKeown (Columbia University) and the recipient, Bonnie Webber. The following is an edited version of the interview, with added citations.
Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
South African metafictive literature by white writers, specifically J. M. Coetzee (Nobel laureate, 2003), is essentially pivoted on the black-white dialectics of discourse. The narrative is informed with a variety of sociopolitical inflections that pronounce in various ways the contemporary ideology in South African literature. Critics have greatly delineated the racio-political quagmire of the colonial subject in metafictive literature appearing in the last few decades of twentieth century. However, a deeper analysis of the representation of the colonial subject that interrogates the discourses in narrative is still untapped. J.M.Coetzee’s South African-based novels, mainly Waiting for the Barbarians (1980), Life and Times of Michael K (1983) and Age of Iron (1990), manifest a metafictional consciousness that investigates the constructs of reality of the colonial subject. It is significant to explore the logocentric premise in the representation of colonial subject and how this contributes to the meaning of the fictional word. This study is a narratological research of Coetzee’s technique of transmodalization (narrative mode shifts) between two types of discourses, the pedagogical and performative, and employs Homi K Bhabha’s (1994) theoretical framework of representative discourse. In examining the narrative mode shifts between frame breaks, metanarrative, narrative of words, narrative of dreams, and narrative of topography, this research argues that a non-position is generated between the contesting discourses. This research becomes a model for the study of colonial dynamics in metafictive white writing. It aims to unravel the elements integral in voicing the conditionality of the colonized subject and the contention of representation. This study also explores the metonymical relationships in narrative that reflect intrinsic aspects of the signification of representation.
Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Le cira, langue minoritaire de Côte d’Ivoire est longtemps restée méconnue.Contrairement au baoulé qui a une population de près de 4 millions, le nombre des Cira est estimé à 129(INS-RGHP: 2014). A ce jour, il y’a peu de travaux qui sont dédiés à cette langue et à ce peuple. Dans cet article, nous présentons l’organisation sociale des Cira et la sémantique des prénoms cira. La société cira comme toute société à sa propre organisation qui lui permet de bien fonctionner. Elle est régie par des règles et des lois que toute personne appartenant à cette communauté doit respecter. De même l’appartenance à un peuple, à une culture peut être définie par l’identité, le nom. D’où cette étude. Le nom en tant que signifiant peut traduire une vision, exprimer un sentiment ou raconter une histoire.
Arts in general, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Cotterell, Ryan, Kirov, Christo, Hulden, Mans
et al.
We quantify the linguistic complexity of different languages’ morphological systems. We verify that there is a statistically significant empirical trade-off between paradigm size and irregularity: A language’s inflectional paradigms may be either large in size or highly irregular, but never both. We define a new measure of paradigm irregularity based on the conditional entropy of the surface realization of a paradigm— how hard it is to jointly predict all the word forms in a paradigm from the lemma. We estimate irregularity by training a predictive model. Our measurements are taken on large morphological paradigms from 36 typologically diverse languages.
Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
Conventional topic models are ineffective for topic extraction from microblog messages, because the data sparseness exhibited in short messages lacking structure and contexts results in poor message-level word co-occurrence patterns. To address this issue, we organize microblog messages as conversation trees based on their reposting and replying relations, and propose an unsupervised model that jointly learns word distributions to represent: (1) different roles of conversational discourse, and (2) various latent topics in reflecting content information. By explicitly distinguishing the probabilities of messages with varying discourse roles in containing topical words, our model is able to discover clusters of discourse words that are indicative of topical content. In an automatic evaluation on large-scale microblog corpora, our joint model yields topics with better coherence scores than competitive topic models from previous studies. Qualitative analysis on model outputs indicates that our model induces meaningful representations for both discourse and topics. We further present an empirical study on microblog summarization based on the outputs of our joint model. The results show that the jointly modeled discourse and topic representations can effectively indicate summary-worthy content in microblog conversations.
Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
In this paper lists are understood as complex pre-patterned structures. List constructions are composed of a number of elements which are embedded in a prefatory and a terminal utterance (cf. Jefferson 1990, Selting 2004). This complex pre-patterned structure may additionally contain smaller pre-patterned elements. On the basis of a corpus of authentic dyadic doctor-patient interviews I investigate the form and the functions in patients" use of list constructions while talking about fear and anxiety. The analysis is based on a broad concept of pre-patterned structures (cf. Gülich 2007), the method is a linguistic microanalysis that draws on ethnomethodological conversation analysis. In conclusion, I will discuss list structures with respect to different concepts of prefabricated linguistic and communicative units.
Computational linguistics. Natural language processing, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
Si richiama l’aspetto non più propulsivo della grande svolta di Schönberg e delle scuole di Vienna e poi di Stoccarda. Si sottolineano invece le prospettive di apertura nelle forme compositive di Alessandro Sbordoni, le cui origini sono nel gruppo di ricerca di Nuova Consonanza, di Franco Evangelisti, e nell’idea di una composizione come ‘fare’, vicina all’improvvisazione della musica jazz; si sottolineano i precedenti filosofici e i punti nevralgici di questa apertura nelle considerazioni di Fichte, in merito all’autoriflessione epistemologica sulla relazione gnoseologica, e così nell’operazionismo di Bridgman; e si puntualizza la critica alla lunga tradizione formale delle regole compositive e alle loro ricostituzioni negli stessi climi rivoluzionari. Musica come prassi compositiva è il Sirius di Sbordoni (2009), di cui si analizzano le forme a posteriori, e da cui si risale indietro fino alle Fantasie della lontananza, su versi di Emily Dickinson. La riflessione si confronta con le tesi di Schönberg, Adorno, Mila e Rognoni, oltre che dello stesso Sbordoni.
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Man bezieht sich hier auf den nicht mehr vorantreibenden Aspekt des großen Wendepunkts von Schönberg, der Wiener und später der Stuttgarter Schule. Demgegenüber werden die Perspektiven der Öffnung in den Kompositionsformen von Alessandro Sbordoni betont, deren Ursprung in der Forschungsgruppe Nuova Consonanza um Franco Evangelisti und in der Idee einer Komposition als “Schaffen” liegt, die der Improvisation der Jazz-Musik nahesteht. Es werden sodann die philosophischen Präzedenzfälle und die kritischen Punkte dieser Öffnung in Fichte’s Betrachungen über die epistemologische Selbstbeobachtung der gnoseologischen Zusammenhänge unterstrichen, ebenso wie im Operationismus von Bridgeman; es wird auch die Kritik an der langen formalen Tradition der Kompositionsnormen präzisiert und an ihrer Neubegründung in denselben revolutionären Klimata. Musik als kompositorische Praxis ist Sbordoni’s Sirius (2009), dessen Formen a posteriori analysiert werden und von da aus zurückgehend bis zu den Fantasie della lontananza (Verse von Emily Dickinson). Die Überlegungen werden mit den Thesen von Schönberg, Adorno, Mila und Rognoni verglichen, neben den Thesen von Sbordoni selbst.
Computational linguistics. Natural language processing, Epistemology. Theory of knowledge