This paper investigates the dynamic evolution of world city hierarchy from 1996 to 2023, emphasising metropolitan areas as global command-and-control centres. It proposes a classification of the diverse literature on world/global cities and develops an analytical framework revisiting Godfrey and Zhou’s (1999) approach. Using data from the Fortune Global 500 list and Refinitiv Eikon database, the paper explores trends in global command-and-control centres by analysing the locations of corporate and regional headquarters. It confirms a shift towards Pacific Rim cities, driven by the emergence and rapid growth of firms from developing economies, particularly China. The findings highlight the strengthening role of US cities, the relative decline of Europe, and persistent global disparities in command-and-control. Beijing, in particular, rivals traditional centres such as New York, Tokyo and London, becoming a leading hub of global corporate power.
Ana Beatriz de Figueiredo Oliveira, Mauro Castelli, Esra Suel
Abstract Rapid urban expansion and rising housing prices have created significant social and economic challenges in many cities, exposing the limitations of traditional, resource-intensive data collection methods for urban planning. Remote sensing technologies, such as satellite imagery, offer a cost-effective alternative for data collection. Incorporating street view imagery can enhance the quality of collected information by providing a human perspective on the urban environment, often inaccessible through standard remote sensing methods. This research aimed to develop a deep learning classification model using a multi-modal fusion of satellite and street view imagery to predict urban metrics of housing price, housing density, and green area coverage. Focusing on Lisbon, a European city facing rising housing prices, this research used EfficientNetB0, a pre-trained model originally used for object recognition on the ImageNet dataset, which successfully generalized its learning to interpret urban imagery. The findings highlight the potential of integrating pre-trained models within deep learning frameworks for urban analysis. This approach leverages low-cost, readily available data, providing a scalable alternative to traditional methods and a foundation for developing predictive tools for urban metrics.
Cities. Urban geography, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
The research problem investigates the application of the concept of local urban centers (LUCs) in transforming post-industrial cities into sustainable cities. The subject of the study is Katowice, undergoing a transition towards modern services, while also grappling with an industrial legacy that results in an imbalance of development processes. The idea of LUCs, developed in relation to existing and new district train stations, based on the concept of the 15-minute city, was proposed by the authors within the Katowice development strategy and further tested within the Urban&Business Lab workshops. The research showed, that although in a model approach, service concentration points and public transport nodes should be closely linked, in the existing conditions of Katowice, they almost always deviate from the ideal model. Nevertheless, in each of the cases analyzed, elements of functions and spaces can be observed that have the potential which have the potential to foster LUCs.
This paper brings a comprehensive systematic review of the application of geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI) in quantitative human geography studies, including the subdomains of cultural, economic, political, historical, urban, population, social, health, rural, regional, tourism, behavioural, environmental and transport geography. In this extensive review, we obtain 14,537 papers from the Web of Science in the relevant fields and select 1516 papers that we identify as human geography studies using GeoAI via human scanning conducted by several research groups around the world. We outline the GeoAI applications in human geography by systematically summarising the number of publications over the years, empirical studies across countries, the categories of data sources used in GeoAI applications, and their modelling tasks across different subdomains. We find out that existing human geography studies have limited capacity to monitor complex human behaviour and examine the non-linear relationship between human behaviour and its potential drivers—such limits can be overcome by GeoAI models with the capacity to handle complexity. We elaborate on the current progress and status of GeoAI applications within each subdomain of human geography, point out the issues and challenges, as well as propose the directions and research opportunities for using GeoAI in future human geography studies in the context of sustainable and open science, generative AI, and quantum revolution.
From 2003 onwards, checkpoints appeared all across Iraq. These spaces serve as instruments of territorialization for various competing powers in the country. As internal boundaries, they constitute obligatory passage points for residents, complicating daily life and subjecting people and their movements to constant scrutiny. Supposedly designed to secure areas, checkpoints and their surroundings have become danger zones where different antagonisms are expressed. Depending on the checkpoint and background of the individual, security forces profile and label people. Individuals are then subjected to various forms of violence based on these perceptions of ethno-sectarian identity and the discrimination they incur. This article explores the widening gap between the official function of checkpoints and their operational reality. It reveals the interplay of indexical strategies that underpin both the control mechanisms and the individual efforts made to thwart them. In doing so, it delineates the weight of this security apparatus on the life and aspirations of individuals in Iraq.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Cities. Urban geography
A cidade é produzida por todos, contudo, a mesma não é consumida igualmente. Partindo dessa premissa, buscou-se através deste artigo discutir o espaço urbano da cidade de Porto Seguro-Bahia e o papel da atividade turística na segregação socioespacial muito presente neste território. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica acerca das temáticas: espaço urbano, segregação socioespacial, turismo e urbanização de Porto Seguro. Visando entender a partir de que momento a cidade passa a ser organizada em espaços turísticos e não turísticos, e quais os fatores que influenciaram na fragmentação desse espaço.
In spatial accessibility studies based on market areas, such as floating catchment area (FCA) family methods, it is crucial to identify the point to which weights are assigned, both on the demand and supply side. Bearing in mind that it is not always possible to work on disaggregated data, the aim of this paper was to investigate which method of determining a point, minimises bias in the estimation of walking accessibility. The research used the G2SFCA method, introduced by Dai, which has been employed several times to model walking accessibility. Results clearly show that point location methods for area units, based on disaggregating data to buildings, perform better at the scale of statistical districts or cadastral precincts, compared to those based on the centrally weighted mean. They also show that positional measures such as the Euclidean centrally weighted median can improve the results of analyses in units that are heterogeneous in terms of settlement network pattern.
Cities. Urban geography, Transportation and communications
Mapping has long formed a key part of development work, from recording household surveys, participatory mapping exercises, and PRA projects. Now though the sector is full of new actors- mapping and tech companies as well as NGOs- monitoring through drones and satellite images, alongside employing more traditional methods. Many of these new players were born from NGOs and companies who started as ‘crisis mappers. Short-term ‘crisis mapping’ projects have become a regular part of humanitarian response following a disaster. The short-term nature of such actions, and the need for stable employment/profits, has led to an increasing trend for the same organizations and companies to either remain on the ground producing maps or to move into new areas as part of a pre-emptive mapping practice, inserting themselves into the wider international development ecosystem. This research, centered on Tanzania, examines how HOTOSM has attempted to pivot towards working as a development organization that creates maps for prevention of crisis, but also wider socio-economic outputs. The research used interviews to explore the interplay between technology and micro/macro politics around the mapping of Dar es Salaam. Examining how HOTOSM its role, and how they position their map-making within the context of Dar es Salaam. Findings suggest that HOTOSM is still underdeveloped as an organization and lacks the maturity to create true participatory models of working.
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Human ecology. Anthropogeography
Objective: Since the last decade of the twentieth century, information technology and the use of computer networks as a powerful tool in the hands of society and has been proposed as an important paradigm in the efficient management and administration of societies around the world. On the other hand, good governance is a topic that has long been discussed in the efficiency of governments and is considered by governments today. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the tendency to e-government and the realization of good governance in Kerman. Method: The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research in terms of data collection method, which has been done by survey method. Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling with SPSS and Amos software were used to analyze the collected data. The research data include a sample of 103 employees of the Kerman Governor's Secretariat and General Offices based in Kerman, which includes all employees in charge of the e-government correspondence site and the Kerman General Administration Secretariat using a stratified sampling method. Collected randomly. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by construct validity and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: The trend towards e-government has been able to explain 71% of the changes in good governance. The trend towards e-government has had the greatest impact on capacity building. The tendency towards e-government leads to the realization of good governance in the public management system of Kerman metropolis. Conclusion: Tendency to e-government promotes transparency, accountability, effectiveness of roles and tasks, result orientation, promotion of values, capacity building in Kerman public management system.
ahmad afsari, Seyed Moslem Seyed Al-Hosseini, Maryam Daneshvar
et al.
Background & Aim: One of the vital consequences of the expedite growth of urbanization and the physical development of the cities of the country has been the disruption of the distribution system of the service centers in recent decades, causing the social inequality of citizens in accessing such services. Urban public services structure the citychr('39')s physical, social and spatial nature; thus, irreparable effects are caused on the structure, the nature of the city and the class segregation of the urban neighborhoods due to injustice in its distribution, and faces urban management with serious challenges. The extension of the concepts of justice in the field of geography and urban literature, which began approximately 40 years ago, has recently led to new approaches in the field of epistemology. This study examines the spatial distribution of urban services in Mashhad metropolis with the aim of measuring spatial justice.
Methodology: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The data collection method is documentary and as a desk study and the technique used is a fuzzy method. Statistics and research indices were the distributions status of service use intervals at the level of 13 districts of Mashhad metropolis, obtained from a detailed plan. By measuring the research indices, the present research attempts to compare and classify the different districts of Mashhad in terms of the enjoyment rate of the access index, in order to provide a proper route for balancing the city development pillars.
Findings: The analysis results indicated that approximately 10,381 hectares, equivalent to 30% of the city area suffers inadequate and relatively inadequate quality in accessing a variety of services, meanwhile districts 1, 11, and Samen were more appropriate than other districts. Also, districts 7, 6, and 2 lack the minimum zones with very good access to the services
Este texto discute a história das exposições de (e sobre) arquitetura, que, tendo nascido no início do século XX, nos acompanham até hoje como afirmações fisicamente constituídas ou narrativas espacialmente determinadas da criatividade dos arquitetos modernos, pois foi na modernidade que esses eventos se desenvolveram. Defende que as exposições foram, e ainda são, palco da experimentação e da coragem evidenciadas pela produção arquitetônica (e urbanística) da vanguarda e de estilos consensualmente consolidados, mas que também respondem a propósitos didáticos e de propaganda de instituições culturais governamentais e/ou privadas de todo tipo. Comenta ainda algumas das diferentes modalidades que as exposições assumiram nos últimos 100 anos, dependendo do talante de seus organizadores (artistas ou curadores), para então questionar as intenções que elas têm, ou deveriam ter, nos dias atuais. O artigo também serve como introdução ao tema das exposições e da curadoria, que a revista arq.urb definiu como mote para o número 20, o último de 2017.
<p>Este trabajo propone un acercamiento a los procesos y medios de circulación mercantil como clave interpretativa de la conflictividad urbana, reconociendo la relevancia que sus pautas y patrones tienen para el ejercicio sistemático de desposesión, depredación y explotación capitalista. Las circulaciones constituyen un tejido denso que define dinámicas específicas en la esfera económico-productiva, así como en la sociedad en su conjunto. Se trata de flujos con un predominante impacto relacional, que se visibiliza histórico-espacialmente en estructuras y funciones, así como en la extensión, densidad y formación de las ciudades. Aquí procuramos abordarlas de manera situada, focalizando en las nociones de plusvalía material y plusvalía ecológica, en cruce con una mirada crítica sobre su expresividad ideológica en escenarios capitalistas del Sur Global. Notas periodísticas, informes de gobierno y cifras estadísticas operan, a su vez, como imágenes instanciadas para la reflexión que permiten encuadrar algunos de sus efectos en la ciudad de San Luis (Argentina).</p>
Cities. Urban geography, Urbanization. City and country
Los Planes de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible (PMUS) son una herramienta de reciente implantación en España que en la última década se ha desarrollado en un buen número de municipios. El objetivo es conocer cuál ha sido la dimensión territorial y el impacto que este instrumento de planificación de la movilidad ha tenido en nuestro país entre los años 2004 y 2014. Como resultado se ha logrado describir el panorama de los PMUS en España y su evolución durante esta última década en cada una de las Comunidades Autónomas.
Khodarahm Bazzi, Hosein Mousa Zadeh, Mehdi Khodadad
The rapid growth of urbanization in developing countries increases urban poverty and this growing phenomenon has created many problems for these countries. Thus, by having the facilities and welfare – service infrastructure, the cities draw the unemployed population of the rural areas. Since the unemployed people lack particular job skills, would draw to false employment and due to low income settle down in the suburbs. I need, the wealthy island surrounded by a black belt of deprivation and misery with the name of suburb is created. The purpose of this study is to explain the role of municipalities in empowering the suburbans of the city of Gorgan. Therefore, descriptive - analytical and field studies have been used. The target population in this study include residents of "Islamabad", Ghaleah Hassan", "Afsaran district" and contour "Avzyneh" and "Kashani".using Cochran method, 276 samples were selected. The Chi-square test results showed that the access to welfare services and urban infrastructure are very few for the suburbans. Moreover, the obtained results of the regression coefficient represents that the relationship between employment and economic status of families with Beta coefficient is equal to 0.307 in suburbs of the city of Gorgan. Finally, strategies to empower the suburbans of the city of Gorgan is provided.